0.15%噻虫嗪药肥混剂对甘蔗害虫的防控效果

采用0.15%噻虫嗪药肥混剂对甘蔗害虫进行防效试验。结果显示:0.15%噻虫嗪药肥在甘蔗新种时,直接撒施于甘蔗植沟中,对甘蔗螟虫和蓟马均有较好的防治效果,用于防治螟虫时使用剂量与防治效果之间存在正相关,即防治效果随使用剂量的增加而提高,而用于防治蓟马时不同的使用剂量防效差异不大。0.15%噻虫嗪药肥在甘蔗上推荐用量为600~900 ai g/ha。     

氟噻唑吡乙酮10%可分散油悬浮剂高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈+磷酸溶液为流动相,使用以ZORBAX SB-C18、5μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在260nm波长下对氟噻唑吡乙酮10%可分散油悬浮剂进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数为0.999 1,标准偏差为0.15,变异系数为1.51%,平均回收率为100.18%。     

苯并烯氟菌唑原药高效液相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈+磷酸溶液为流动相,使用以ZORBAX SB-C18、5μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在255nm波长下对苯并烯氟菌唑原药进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数为0.999 8,标准偏差为0.14,变异系数为0.15%,平均回收率为98.95%。     

30%哒嗪硫磷·辛硫磷乳油高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以C18柱为固定相,甲醇 水为流动相,用225nm紫外检测器定量测定哒嗪硫磷、辛硫磷混剂的含量。本方法的标准偏差分别为0.01581、0.01517;变异系数分别为0.15%、0.07%;平均回收率分别为99.77%、99.97%;线性相关系数分别为0.9980、0.9979。     

种菌唑原药的高效液相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇＋水为流动相,使用ZORBAX80觷A Extend-C18、5μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在222nm波长下对试样中的种菌唑进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该方法测得种菌唑的线性相关系数为0.999 8;标准偏差为0.14;变异系数为0.15%;平均回收率为99.87%。     

混剂中稻瘟灵和异稻瘟净的液相色谱分析

本文介绍了以甲醇 水为流动相,采用C18不锈钢柱,230nm检测波长,对混剂中稻瘟灵和异稻瘟净进行液相色谱定量分析的方法.该方法稻瘟灵和异稻瘟净的标准偏差分别为0.05、0.03,变异系数分别为0.25%、0.15%,线性相关系数分别为0.999 9、0.9999,平均回收率分别为99.5%、99.8%.     

异恶草酮气相色谱分析

论述了以邻苯二甲酸二乙酯为内标物，用HP-5色谱柱，氢火焰检测器，内标法定量气相色谱测定异恶草酮的方法。方法标准偏差为0.07，变异系数0.15%，回收率在99.3%-100.7%之间。     

印楝素亚致死浓度对烟粉虱实验种群的生物活性

在室内条件下,以2个亚致死浓度（0.15和0.30mg/L）喷雾处理烟粉虱1、5日龄卵,明确了印楝素亚致死浓度对烟粉虱实验种群发育、存活、繁殖均具有显著的抑制作用。其中,印楝素处理1日和5日龄卵分别使幼期（卵至成虫羽化）发育历期延长0.92至2.84d,幼期存活率降低了56.3%至89.6%,若虫虫体长宽减小,雌成虫寿命降低29.8%至48.6%,平均单雌产卵量降低49.8%至72.5%。清水对照、0.15mg/L和0.30mg/L印楝素溶液处理1日龄卵,烟粉虱实验种群的内禀增长率分别为0.227、0.0742和0.060,净增殖率依次为36.40、7.29和5.33;处理5日龄卵时两者分别为0.126、0.114和0.059与39.192、3.59和4.93。     

虱螨脲20%水悬浮剂高效液相色谱分析方法

本文采用高效液相色谱外标法,以甲醇+水为流动相,配比为85∶15,使用ODS—C185μm为填料的不锈钢柱,检测波长254nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,对制备的虱螨脲20%水悬浮剂进行定量分析。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数为0.999 9,标准差为0.15,变异系数为0.76%,平均回收率为100.42%。     

水杨酸对不同灌水下限青花菜根系生长、根冠比及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

以青花菜为试材,采用大田和室内分析相结合的试验方法,研究了0.15 mmol·L-1的水杨酸(SA)对不同灌水下限(相对含水量75%,60%和45%)青花菜根系生长及叶片抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着灌水下限的降低,青花菜主根长、根干鲜重及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先升高后降低,根冠比、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性逐渐升高。(2)SA处理改善了青花菜根系生长特性,降低根冠比,提高结球期抗氧化酶活性,其中60%灌水下限经SA处理后,根系及酶活性指标均与75%灌水下限保持相当水平。由此可知:以相对含水量60%作为灌水下限并配合0.15 mmol·L-1SA处理可以为青花菜高效节水灌溉提供理论支撑。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the Southern United States: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomic Status and their use in Fruit Fly Biological Control

We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

Brief Guide for Authors

正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

The parasitoid complex ofLiriomyza cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.     

Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P arthenium hysterophorus

Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F ₃, F ₄ and F ₅, but not in F ₁ and F ₂ that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F ₁ and F ₂ in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.