结合亚油酸可以提高应激基因型猪的生产性能和猪肉质量

以总日粮0.75%给杂交生长-肥育去势公猪(60头)添加结合亚油酸(CLA).按应激基因型(阴性、携带和阳性)随机分为CLA或对照日粮组.饲喂CLA日粮猪的饲料/增重比(350g/kg饲料)高于饲喂对照日粮猪(330g/kg饲料).添加CLA猪的第十肋骨脂肪厚(2.34cm比2.84cm)和最后肋骨脂肪厚(2.46cm比2.72cm)低于对照猪.添加CLA使所有基因型猪的主观大理石花纹评分都增加.本研究证实添加CLA可以提高应激基因型猪的饲料转化率、降低背膘厚度和改善猪肉质量.     

共轭亚油酸及其在动物营养中的应用研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是亚油酸同分异构体的混合物,CLA多见于反刍动物畜产品中。CLA与人及动物的健康密切相关,CLA在畜产品中的富集对人的许多疑难病症具有深远意义,本文综述了CLA调节动物脂肪代谢和免疫机能,提高生产性能,改善畜产品品质等生物学功能。     

调控乳脂中共轭亚油酸的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是亚油酸的一组构象和位置异构体,对人体健康有着重大的意义。而动物食品是CLA的重要来源,通过调控提高牛乳中CLA的含量,近年来成为研究的热点。本文主要阐述了CLA的结构、生理作用和调控乳中CLA合成的研究进展。     

调控乳脂中共轭亚油酸的研究进展

共轭亚油酸（CLA）是亚油酸的一组构象和位置异构体。对人体健康有着重大的意义。而动物食品是CLA的重要来源，通过调控提高牛乳中CLA的含量，近年来成为研究的热点。本文主要阐述了CLA的结构、生理作用和调控乳中CLA合成的研究进展。     

共轭亚油酸对日本沼虾生长、抗氧化及脂质代谢的影响

为了探讨共轭亚油酸对日本沼虾生长、抗氧化及脂质代谢的影响,实验用不同含量的共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)替代鱼油,CLA添加水平分别为0%(CLA1)、1.5%(CLA2)、3%(CLA3)、4.5%(CLA4)和6%(CLA5),对日本沼虾进行为期8周的摄食营养实验。实验虾的初始均重为(0.102±0.0024)g,每组设5个平行。结果显示,随着CLA含量的增加,各组虾的增重差异不显著,但存活率却有降低趋势,其中CLA5组存活率显著低于CLA1组;肝胰腺中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性随着CLA水平的增加呈现先降低再升高趋势,其中CLA1组SOD活力显著高于其余各组,当CLA含量超过4.5%(CLA4)时,日本沼虾肝胰腺中MDA含量显著增加;随着CLA水平的增加,血浆中胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)含量显著降低;脂肪代谢相关基因B类Ⅰ型清道夫受体(SR-BI)、肉碱脂酰转移酶(CPT1)m RNA表达水平有一定的波动性,均在CLA4组达到最高,乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)m RNA表达水平呈先增加后降低趋势,其中CLA4组ACC基因表达量显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。研究表明,CLA的添加对日本沼虾抗氧化能力和脂质代谢过程产生了一定的影响,CLA添加对虾的生长性能未产生显著影响,但添加水平较高时(6%)会降低虾的存活率。     

共轭亚油酸对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、体组成及肝代谢相关酶活力的影响

珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatu♂)是鞍带石斑鱼(♂E.lanceolatu)与棕点石斑鱼(♀E.fuscoguttatus)杂交出的新品种。本研究用共轭亚油酸(CLA)添加量为0(CLA0)、0.8%(CLA0.8)、1.6%(CLA1.6)、2.4%(CLA2.4)、3.2%(CLA3.2)的5种等氮等能饲料,投喂初始体重为(63.57±0.56)g珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼8周,研究不同共轭亚油酸水平对其生长、体组成及肝代谢相关酶活的影响。结果表明:(1)添加共轭亚油酸对实验鱼增重率、成活率、特定生长率、肥满度、肝体比和脏体比无显著影响;蛋白质效率随着饲料中共轭亚油酸水平的升高而升高,其他各组显著高于CLA0组(P0.05);摄食率随着饲料中共轭亚油酸水平的升高而降低,CLA0组显著高于其他各组(P0.05);饲料系数呈降低趋势,在CLA2.4组达到最低,显著低于CLA0组(P0.05)。(2)肌肉脂肪含量随饲料CLA水平的升高而升高,除CLA0.8组外,其他各组显著高于CLA0组(P0.05),肝脂肪含量随着饲料CLA含量的变化未见显著性差异。CLA1.6组肌肉中饱和脂肪酸和C_(18:0)含量显著高于CLA0组(P0.05),CLA3.2组单不饱和脂肪酸和C_(18:1n-9)显著低于CLA0组(P0.05)。CLA2.4组和CLA3.2组肝中C_(16:0)和C_(18:0)含量显著高于CLA0组(P0.05),而C_(16:1n-7)、C_(18:1n-9)和C_(18:1n-7)含量显著低于CLA0组(P0.05)。CLA2.4组和CLA3.2组肌肉和肝中C_(18:3n-3)和C_(18:2n-6)在显著低于CLA0组(P0.05)。肌肉和肝中C_(18:2c9,t11)和C_(18:2t10,c12)含量同共轭酸添加水平呈现高度正相关,且各添加组均显著高于CLA0组(P0.05)。(3)饲料中共轭亚油酸水平影响葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)的活性,各实验组均显著高于CLA0组(P0.05);饲料中共轭亚油酸水平影响酰基辅酶A氧化酶(ACO)的活性,其中CLA3.2活性最高,均高于其他组(P0.05);除CLA0.8组的总酯酶和脂肪酸合成酶活力低于CLA0组外,其他各组均高于CLA0组(P0.05)。实验结果表明,日粮中适量添加CLA可显著提高珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼对饲料的利用,改善肌肉和肝中脂肪酸组成,同时增加肝脂肪代谢相关酶的活性。     

共轭亚油酸对大黄鱼免疫功能的影响

1 500尾大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)随机分为5个处理,分别饲喂冰鲜鱼(D1组)、添加5%鱼油日粮(D2组)、共轭亚油酸(CLA)水平为1%(D3组)、2%(D4组)、4%(D5组)日粮.饲喂10周后,通过测定脾脏重、脾体指数、溶菌酶、补体C3、C4、免疫球蛋白IgM浓度等免疫指标,研究不同水平CLA日粮对大黄鱼免疫功能的影响.结果表明,在大黄鱼日粮中添加CLA可以影响其免疫器官-脾脏,添加CLA组使得大黄鱼脾体指数高于未添加CLA的对照组.虽然日粮中添加CLA对于补体C3、C4没有显著影响,但是对于溶菌酶和免疫球蛋白IgM有明显的影响.在大黄鱼日粮中添加CLA可以在一定程度上改善大黄鱼的免疫性能,对于其抗细菌、抗病毒能力有一定提高.     

关于净化群体猪病的几种方法简述

随着工厂化集约化养猪生产的发展,各种猪病对养猪生产的影响越来越为人们所重视,为净化猪病,提高生产水平,国内外就群体猪病的净化与控制进行了广泛而深入的研究,先后采取了无特定病原猪生产技术——SPF猪技术、药物治疗性早期断奶技术——MEW技术和隔离早期断奶技术——SEW技术等。以上各种方法在不同时期和不同国家的群体猪病净化与控制方面均起到了不同的作用,也产生了许多不同的看法。笔者有幸参加了北京市SPF猪育种管理中心的SPF猪生产和科技攻关工作,下面就以上不同方法对猪病的净化与控制谈些粗浅的看法。     

共轭亚油酸对猪胴体品质的影响

<正>1概述1.1CLA的概念及结构共轭亚油酸(Conjugated linoleicacid,CLA)是一系列含有碳碳共轭双键、具有多种位置和几何异构的十八碳二烯酸的统称。CLA具有16种共轭亚油酸的异构物,9,11-CLA在自然界的分布丰度相对较高,在CLA异构体中,活性是按以下顺序递减的:9c,11t>10t,12c>9t,11t,因此9c,11t-CLA可能是其中最有效的异构体[1]。     

苏氨酸在养猪生产中的应用研究

苏氨酸通常是猪的第二或第三限制性氨基酸,对其生长具有重要作用。猪日粮中添加适量苏氨酸,可提高其生产性能,增强免疫机能,改善胴体品质。本文综和论述了苏氨酸的理化性质、生物学功能,并介绍了苏氨酸在猪生产中的应用和猪对其需要量及其影响因素。     

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for finishing Nile tilapia

A 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for finishing Nile tilapia evaluating its effects on growth performance, whole body and filet compositions, fatty acid composition, plasma lipid parameters, filet texture, liquid loss and holding capacity. Triplicate groups of Nile tilapia were hand‐fed until apparent satiation on diets in which CLA oil was supplemented at 0 (control), 5 or 10 g kg^?1. No differences were observed on weight gain, feed intake, feed/gain ratio, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index, visceral fat, filet yield and survival between treatments. Fish‐fed CLA diets had increased whole body crude protein and reduced filet lipid content. The total plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol decreased with CLA supplementation. Neither 5 nor 10 g kg^?1 dietary CLA improved liquid‐holding capacity and filet texture when compared with fish fed the control diet. Fish‐fed dietary CLA showed lower whole body and filet C18:3(n‐6), C18:3(n‐3) and C20:2(n‐6) levels and higher levels of C18:0. CLA deposition in filet and whole body (16 mg–235 mg g^?1 of tissue) are higher than presented in natural sources of CLA, proving to be a great product to increase CLA consumption by humans.     

Conjugated linoleic acid affects growth performance,hepatic fatty acid profile and lipid metabolism in juvenile Synechogobius hasta

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary CLA (Conjugated linoleic acid) levels on growth performance, fatty acid profiles and lipid metabolism of liver in Synechogobius hasta. Fish were fed six diets with fish oil replaced by 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg^?1 CLA for 8 weeks. Weight gain, WG, and SGR (specific growth rate) tended to increase when dietary CLA levels increased from 0 to 10 g kg^?1 and then decline with further increasing dietary CLA levels to 25 g kg^?1. FCR (feed conversion ratio) showed contrary trend with WG and SGR. The reduced VSI (vicero somatic index) and increased HSI (hepatosomatic index) were observed in fish fed increasing dietary CLA levels. Whole‐body lipid content declined, but hepatic lipid content increased with increasing dietary CLA levels. Dietary CLA modified total percentages of the main groups of fatty acids in liver. Hepatic 6PGD, ME and ICDH activities increased with increasing dietary CLA levels. FAS and G6PD were very variable and not related to dietary treatments. CPT I activities showed no significant differences among the treatments. Based on second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG and FCR against dietary CLA level, 8.7–10.1 g kg^?1 was indicated to be the optimal dietary CLA range for maximum growth and feed utilization for S. hasta.     

Deposition of conjugated linoleic acid in market size sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and its effects on performance,composition and fillet sensory and texture attributes

The effect conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) accumulation in fish fillet on sensory and texture attributes has been evaluated. Fish were fed diets with graded levels of CLA, which were administered for different durations prior to harvest. Fish were sampled for fillet proximate composition and fatty acid profile for sensory and texture parameters at the end of the trial. Growth performance, feed conversion ratio and muscle proximate composition were not affected by dietary treatments. Muscle fatty acid profile was not affected by dietary treatments despite the increase in saturated fatty acids in fish fed diet with 10 g kg⁻¹ of CLA for 16 weeks before harvest. Besides, the deposition levels of CLA isomers increased gradually depending on the CLA treatment, reaching its maximum level in fish fed 10 g kg⁻¹ CLA diet for 20 weeks before harvest. Fish fed 10 g kg⁻¹ were juicier (P < 0.05) compared with control group, whereas fish fed 5 g kg⁻¹ CLA diet were less (P < 0.05) chewy than fish fed control diet regarding sensory attributes. Texture parameters were not significantly affected by dietary CLA. These results suggest that market size European sea bass could successfully incorporate CLA isomers with some minor positive effects on sensory analyses.     

Conjugated linoleic acid in diets for lambari (Astyanax altiparanae) (Garutti & Britski, 2000)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth performance, carcass chemical composition and fatty acid profile of lambari (Astyanax altiparanae). A completely randomized experimental design with six treatments, diets with graded levels of CLA (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0 g kg^?1) and five repetitions. Fish (n = 570; weight: 1.58 ± 0.23 g) were distributed into 30 (70‐L) aquaria and fed the experimental diets during 90 days. No effects of dietary supplementation with CLA on fish performance and carcass chemical composition were observed. CLA influenced carcass fatty acid profile, a positive relationship was found for 16:1 n‐9, 18:1 n‐9, 18:2(cis‐9, trans‐11), 18:2(trans‐10, cis‐12) and 20:1 n‐9, and a negative relationship was found for 15:1 n‐7, 16:0, 16:1 n‐5, 18:2 n‐6, 18:3 n‐3, 20:5 n‐3 and 22:4 n‐6. Total CLA and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) linearly increased with the increase in dietary CLA, while saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of n‐6 and n‐3 series linearly decreased. Dietary CLA can be incorporated into the lambari (A. altiparanae) muscle, and the fish can be used as functional foods, because CLA is related to the prevention of various diseases in humans.     

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and curcumin on growth performance and oxidative stress enzymes in juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) feed with aflatoxins

Aflatoxicosis is a growing problem in aquaculture. A 42‐day study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and curcumin (CUR) to protect juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from aflatoxins. Growth parameters along with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activities were measured. Shrimps (36) with an average weight of 76 ± 0.9 mg were randomly allocated in eight experimental groups. Non‐contaminated diet (NCD) and aflatoxin‐contaminated diet (ACD) at 200 μg/kg were prepared. ACD was used to prepare six diets supplemented with CLA (4, 5 or 6 g/kg) and CUR (0.15, 0.2 and 0.3 g/kg). ACD reduced feed intake, growth rate and nitrogen retention efficiency, and increased ALP and GST activity. Improved nitrogen retention was observed for all groups feed with CLA. CUR supplementation at 0.2 g/kg increased feed intake and growth rate while at 0.15 g/kg increased nitrogen retention. ALP activity was reduced in all CUR groups and in 5 and 6 g/kg CLA groups. Reduction in GST activity was observed in 0.15 and 0.2 g/kg CUR groups and 4 g/kg CLA group. CLA supplementation and CUR supplementation can be beneficial to protect juvenile shrimp against aflatoxins.     

Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid levels on growth performance,muscle fatty acid profile,hepatic intermediary metabolism and antioxidant responses in genetically improved farmed Tilapia strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth performance, muscle fatty acid profile, hepatic intermediary metabolism and antioxidant responses in genetically improved farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain of Oreochromis niloticus (initial body weight: 42.6 ± 0.4 g, mean ± standard deviation). Three replicated groups of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia were hand‐fed to satiation, twice a day, with the diets in which CLA oil, containing mainly the bioactive cis‐9, trans‐11 and trans‐10, cis‐12 isomers, was included at 0 (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%, respectively, at the expense of fish oil to maintain the constant lipid and energy levels. Growth performance and feed utilization showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The dietary inclusion of CLA modified total percentages of the main groups of fatty acids. Increasing saturated fatty acid content and reduced mono‐unsaturated fatty acid contents in muscle were observed with increasing dietary CLA inclusion (P < 0.05). Total n‐3 fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids tended to decline with increasing dietary CLA levels (P < 0.05), but n‐6 fatty acids showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). Dietary CLA supplementation resulted in the significant increase in the trans‐10, cis‐12 and cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA isomers in muscle (P < 0.05) and also significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, such as succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities (P < 0.05). Reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and the decline in malondialdehyde levels were observed in fish fed the CLA‐supplemented diets (P < 0.05), indicating that dietary CLA supplementation showed a powerful antioxidant effect for this fish species. Our study was the first report involved in the effect of dietary CLA inclusion on hepatic intermediary metabolism and antioxidant responses in fish, which could be used as indicators of nutritional and physiological status of the fish species.     

共轭亚油酸的性质及其生理功能

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是亚油酸同分异构体的混合物,是主要来源于反刍动物食品的天然营养成分。它具有抗癌、抗氧化、降低血清胆固醇、减少脂肪沉积、促进生长以及调节免疫等作用,是一种新型保健功能脂质,因此在药物和食品等研究领域中有很广阔的应用前景。在查阅大量文献的基础上,综述了CLA的来源、合成以及各种生理功能,以期为其应用及开发研究提供较为详细的信息资料。