氟对体外培养绵羊成骨细胞Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的影响

目的:探讨氟对体外培养成骨细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的影响。方法:采用酶完全消化法分离2～3月龄胎羊颅盖骨成骨细胞,加入不同浓度(0～10-3mol/L)NaF,作用24h后,提取细胞总RNA并反转录成cDNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测成骨细胞Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的变化。结果:1.0×10-5mol/LNaF组Bcl-2基因表达水平较对照组高,其他组Bcl-2表达水平均比对照组低;各NaF浓度组Bax基因表达量均比对照组高,且5.0×10-4mol/L组最高;除1.0×10-5mol/LNaF组外,Bcl-2/Bax比值均比对照组低,且5.0×10-4mol/L组最低。结论:高浓度NaF可能增加成骨细胞线粒体膜的通透性,下调Bcl-2 mRNA表达,上调Bax mRNA的表达,可能启动了线粒体凋亡信号转导途径。     

氟对体外培养的小鼠成骨细胞中OPG/RANKL mRNA表达的影响

为了观察氟对体外培养的小鼠成骨细胞中OPG/RANKL mRNA表达的影响,取30只出生24 h以内的昆明小鼠,无菌条件下取其头盖骨,去除筋膜和结缔组织,用胰蛋白酶-胶原酶消化法进行原代成骨细胞的培养。取其第2代成骨细胞,分成试验组和对照组,试验组培养液中分别加入不同浓度的氟化钠（10^-12、10^-11、10^-10、10^-9、10^-8mol/L）,培养40 h,收集细胞板中贴壁的细胞提取总RNA,采用荧光定量RT-PCR法检测细胞中OPG/RANKL mRNA的变化。结果试验组中OPG/RANKL mRNA的比值显著升高,且随着氟化钠浓度的增加先升高,后降低,10^-10mol/L氟化钠达到最大值（P〈0.01）。说明微量氟可以减少破骨细胞的成熟分化,使骨吸收能力减弱,相应地增加了骨形成的过程。     

孕酮对绵羊输卵管上皮细胞β-防御素2表达的影响

研究孕酮(P4)对绵羊输卵管上皮细胞β-防御素2(SBD2)基因表达的影响,探讨P4调节SBD2表达的潜在机制。建立绵羊输卵管上皮细胞体外培养体系,用不同浓度(10^-6、10^-7、10^-8、10^-9、10^-10mol/L)P4分别处理绵羊输卵管上皮细胞0、2、6、12、24、48h,筛选P4诱导绵羊输卵管上皮细胞SBD2mRNA表达的最佳条件。然后使用10-6mol/L孕激素核受体拮抗剂RU486,50μmol/L蛋白激酶C(PKC)信号通路阻断剂H7预处理细胞1h,再使用P4诱导SBD2mRNA表达的最佳条件处理细胞,同时设只添加阻断剂(RU486和H7)处理组、只添加孕酮(P4)处理组和空白对照组,通过RT-qPCR技术检测SBD2mRNA的表达变化。10-9mol/LP4诱导绵羊输卵管上皮细胞6h和24h时SBD2mRNA表达显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且与P4组相比,添加RU486和H7后显著抑制了P4诱导的SBD2mRNA的表达水平(P<0.01)。P4以浓度和时间依赖性方式显著增加SBD2mRNA表达,并且诱导可能通过孕酮核受体(PR)介导的基因组途径以及PKC信号通路来提高绵羊输卵管上皮的先天免疫防御能力。     

GSTO1基因沉默对氟致成骨细胞自噬与凋亡的影响

为探讨氟致成骨细胞自噬和凋亡中GSTO1的作用机制,利用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术,抑制GSTO1基因在小鼠成骨细胞中表达,检测染氟小鼠成骨细胞中自噬和凋亡相关基因表达。针对小鼠成骨细胞GSTO1mRNA序列设计、合成3对21核苷酸序列siRNA(siRNA1、siRNA2、siRNA3);从3对序列中筛选最佳有效片段,然后检测不同质量浓度氟化钠(10~4、10~3、10~2、10、1mg·L^-1)下GSTO1的mRNA转录,确定最佳氟浓度。试验分为空白对照组(control)、阴性对照组(NC-siRNA)、氟化钠组(1mg·L^-1)、沉默目的基因组(siRNA-GSTO1)和氟化钠加沉默目的基因组(NaF/siRNA-GSTO1),用RT-PCR技术检测成骨细胞自噬相关基因LC3、p62、Beclin1、Atg3、Atg5和凋亡相关基因BCL2、Caspase-3的转录,同时应用Western blot技术检测LC3、p62、Beclin1、Atg3和Atg5蛋白表达。结果显示:用HE、吉姆萨、碱性磷酸酶、茜素红四种染色法鉴定试验所用细胞为成骨细胞。确定试验模型中50nmol·L^-1为siRNA的最佳转染浓度,siRNA2为最佳沉默转染片段,NaF的最佳浓度为1mg·L^-1。成骨细胞染氟与GSTO1基因抑制均可使LC3、Beclin1、Atg5和BCL2基因转录显著升高,p62和Caspase-3基因转录显著下降;但与NaF组相比较,NaF/siRNA-GSTO1组LC3、Beclin1、和Atg5基因mRNA转录水平显著降低(P<0.05),而p62和Caspase-3基因转录显著升高(P<0.05)。Western blot检测成骨细胞自噬相关蛋白LC3、Beclin1、Atg5和p62的表达与基因转录趋势完全一致。结果表明,低剂量氟与沉默GSTO1表达均可致成骨细胞自噬增强的同时凋亡减弱,GSTO1对低剂量氟致成骨细胞自噬增强与抑制凋亡有一定的协同效应。     

硒镉互作对体外培养鸡淋巴细胞硒蛋白K和硒蛋白S表达的影响

为了探讨镉对体外培养鸡淋巴细胞硒蛋白S和硒蛋白K表达的影响及硒的颉颃作用,试验在体外培养鸡脾脏淋巴细胞的培养液中分别添加硒1×10-7mol/L、镉1×10-6mol/L和硒1×10-7mol/L加镉1×10-6mol/L,分别在培养的12,24,36,48小时采用实时PCR法检测硒蛋白K和硒蛋白S mRNA表达量。结果表明:硒能够显著提高镉诱导的硒蛋白K和硒蛋白S mRNA的表达量,镉能够降低体外培养鸡淋巴细胞硒蛋白K和硒蛋白S的表达量。     

不同浓度氟对山羊成骨细胞周期和凋亡的影响

为了探讨氟化物对反刍动物成骨细胞的细胞周期和凋亡的影响,本研究以初生山羊股骨骨膜为材料分离成骨细胞,接种于含15?S的DMEM培养液,于37℃、5%CO2的培养箱中培养。通过形态观察(Hoechst33342/PI双重染色)、DNA ladder电泳、透射电镜、流式细胞仪等方法检测氟对成骨细胞的调控作用。结果表明,高氟(1.0×10-3及2.5×10-3mol/L)使成骨细胞G0/G1期减少,S期细胞增多,抑制成骨细胞周期由合成DNA的S期向G2M期转化,使细胞停滞在S期。1.0×10-5~2.5×10-3mol/L氟可使DNA断裂,诱导成骨细胞凋亡,其中1.0×10-4mol/L氟所致早期和晚期凋亡率最高,分别为3.33%和2.92%。本试验证实氟可诱导成骨细胞凋亡。     

Ghrelin对猪小肠上皮细胞增殖的影响

以体外分离培养的猪小肠上皮细胞为试验材料,通过分别添加1×10-5、1×10-6、1×10-7、1×10-8、1×10-9和1×10-10mol/L的Ghrelin液,来测定Ghrelin对猪小肠上皮细胞增殖的影响。试验结果表明,Ghrelin的浓度在1×10-7-1×10-6mol/L时能够显著促进体外培养的猪小肠上皮细胞的增殖(P<0.05),且在刺激后第5天达到增殖高峰。     

补骨脂水提液对成骨细胞OPG-RANKL mRNA表达的影响

为了探讨补骨脂水提液对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞核因子-KB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)和骨保护素(OPG) mR-NA表达的影响,选取出生24 h内的SD大鼠颅盖骨,依次用胰酶和胶原酶消化分离培养成骨细胞,用不同浓度的补骨脂水提液(10-1,1.0 mg/mL和10 mg/mL)作用第三代细胞,分别在药物作用24、48 h和72 h后提取细胞总RNA,用实时荧光定量PCR法检测细胞中RANKL和OPG mRNA.结果显示,补骨脂水提液各浓度均能不同程度地促进成骨细胞OPG mRNA的表达、抑制RANKLmRNA的表达,从而上调OPG/RANKL mRNA比值,其中1.0 mg/mL和10 mg/mL的补骨脂水提液作用显著.说明补骨脂水提液通过调节成骨细胞分泌OPG和RANKL的量来促进骨形成、抑制骨吸收,从而治疗骨质疏松.     

酿酒酵母培养物和提取物对绵羊瘤胃上皮细胞β-防御素-1表达的影响

建立绵羊瘤胃上皮细胞(ovine ruminal epithelial cells,ORECs)培养体系为体外试验模型,旨在探索酿酒酵母培养物和提取物对ORECs中绵羊β-防御素-1(sheepβ-defesin-1,SBD-1)表达效果的影响。首先,分别用200 mg/L酿酒酵母培养物和提取物诱导ORECs不同时间段(0,6,12,18,24,30 h)后,经qPCR扩增反应检测SBD-1 mRNA表达量,以分别确定酿酒酵母培养物和提取物诱导SBD-1 mRNA表达最高的刺激时间;然后用不同质量浓度梯度(0,100,200,300,400 mg/L)酿酒酵母培养物和提取物分别诱导ORECs最佳时间段后,同样地采用qPCR扩增技术检测SBD-1 mRNA表达量,从而筛选出诱导SBD-1 mRNA表达最高的酿酒酵母培养物浓度和酿酒酵母提取物浓度。结果显示,酿酒酵母培养物和提取物均可诱导SBD-1 mRNA表达。当酿酒酵母培养物质量浓度为400 mg/L、酿酒酵母提取物质量浓度为200 mg/L分别刺激ORECs 6 h时,ORECs SBD-1 mRNA表达量分别达到最高,且均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。最后在相同试验条件下,分别使用最佳诱导质量浓度的酿酒酵母培养物(即400 mg/L)和酿酒酵母提取物(即200 mg/L)诱导ORECs最佳时间(即6 h),比较两者诱导ORECs SBD-1 mRNA表达效果,qPCR结果显示酿酒酵母提取物诱导SBD-1 mRNA表达显著高于酿酒酵母培养物(P0.05)。结果表明,酿酒酵母培养物和提取物均能够诱导ORECs SBD-1表达,400 mg/L酿酒酵母培养物和200 mg/L酿酒酵母提取物分别刺激ORECs 6 h后SBD-1表达量最高,且酿酒酵母提取物诱导效果优于酿酒酵母培养物。     

镉对体外培养鸡骨髓基质细胞成骨分化的毒性作用

骨是镉毒性作用的主要靶器官之一,但其对鸡骨髓基质细胞(bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs)增殖和成骨分化的毒性作用仍不清楚。本研究利用差速贴壁纯化法获得鸡BMSCs,加入不同浓度镉处理不同时间,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)和茜素红染色鉴定成骨分化,RT-PCR检测成骨相关基因(COL1、OSX、RUNX2、ALP、OCN、OPG、OPN、RANKL)表达变化。结果显示,1~10μmol/L的镉显著促进BMSCs增殖,20μmol/L的镉显著抑制其增殖(P<0.05);5μmol/L以上的镉可显著抑制ALP活性,并以浓度依赖方式极显著抑制成骨相关基因(COL1、OSX、RUNX2、ALP、OCN、OPG、OPN)mRNA表达,上调RANKL mRNA表达(P<0.01)。表明,一定浓度镉可抑制鸡BMSCs体外增殖及其向成骨细胞(OB)的分化。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。