Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural 3A and 3B protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype A Iran 05

The A Iran 05 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) subtype was detected in Iran during 2005 and has proven to be highly virulent. This study was undertaken to focus on molecular and phylogenetic analysis of 3A and 3B coding-regions in the A Iran 05 field isolate. To assess the genetic relatedness of A Iran 05 isolate the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the 3AB region of type A FMDV isolates were compared with twenty previously described type A FMDV isolates. The phylogenetic tree based on the 672 bp 3AB gene sequences of type A FMDV from thirteen different locations clustered them into five distinct lineages. The A Iran 05 isolate clustered in lineage A along with four type A variants and was closely matched with viruses isolated in Turkey and Pakistan during 2005~2006. The number of protein sequence differences exhibited by each of the isolates revealed that A Iran 05 isolate contains three amino acid substitutions at positions 47 and 119 of 3A and 27 of the 3B coding region. The nucleotide identity between A Iran 05 and the other four isolates of lineage A was estimated to be 98%.     

Sequence analysis of the protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus O/HK/2001

The nucleotide sequence of the protein-coding region of foot-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) strain O/HK/2001 was determined and compared with the sequences of other FMDVs that were registered in GenBank. The protein-coding region was 6966 nucleotides in length and encoded a protein of 2322 amino acid residues. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other isolates indicated that O/HK/2001 belonged to the Cathay topotype. A genomic coding region nucleotide sequence phylogenetic tree of several FMDV-O isolates showed that O/HK/2001 was most closely related to FMDV isolates found in Taiwan during 1997, and especially shared significant similarity to HKN/2002, suggesting that the virus causing outbreaks in Hong Kong was genetically most-closely related to that causing an outbreak of type O in Taiwan. Mutations in O/HK/2001 were revealed, including frequent substitutions in the VP1 and L proteins, and deletions involving 10 amino acid residues in the 3A protein. This study was undertaken to assess the regional variation of prevalent FMDV type O viruses and to establish a sequence database for FMDV molecular epidemiological investigation.     

O型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因区序列系统发育树分型

从GenBank和世界口蹄疫参考实验室基因库(WRLFMD)下载O型FMDV全VP1序列共210条,其中23条为已知基因型序列,其他为未知基因型序列.利用分子生物学软件DNA Star中的ClustalW和TreeView工具,以已知基因型的VP1区序列构建系统发育树,验证分型结果与已知基因型是否一致.然后以已知基因型序列作为参照,将未知基因型序列与已知基因型序列一起构建系统发育树,以已知基因型序列在系统发育树中所处的位置,来判断未知基因型序列的归属,从而明确它们归属于何种基因型.结果表明,采用此种分型方法获得Cathay型74条、SEA型24条、EA型4条、WA型4条、Euro-SA型21条、ME-SA型68条、ISA-1型3条、ISA-2型2条,未能分型序列10条.     

口蹄疫O型病毒二温式RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

试验通过对口蹄疫病毒核苷酸序列的比对分析,在O型口蹄疫病毒的P1基因保守区,设计1对特异性引物,应用均匀设计法优化反应参数,建立口蹄疫O型病毒二温式RT-PCR检测方法。对该法进行特异性试验、敏感性试验检测。结果表明,该二温式RT-PCR方法只对口蹄疫O型病毒敏感,对其他血清型的口蹄疫病毒及常见的猪病病毒均不敏感;扩增条带与预期目的片段大小相符,扩增片段经克隆、测序发现与引物所在基因序列的同源性为100%;检测病毒RNA的敏感性为1.665 pg/μL,其敏感性与三步法PCR敏感性检测结果没有差异。运用该法对54头攻毒试验的动物进行检测,阳性鉴定结果与三步法PCR鉴定结果一致,与三步法PCR相比该法节省了20 min,表明所建立的口蹄疫O型病毒二温式RT-PCR方法是一种准确、快速、特异、敏感的检测方法。     

Development and Application of Two-temperature RT-PCR for Detectionof Type O Foot and Mouth Disease Virus

According to the gene sequences analysis of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) in GenBank,a pair of specific primers was designed in the conserved sequence of type O FMDV P1 gene. The reaction parameters were optimized using the uniform design method to develop a two-temperature RT-PCR method for detection of type O FMDV.The results of sensitivity and specificity showed that the two-temperature RT-PCR method was only specific for type O FMDV without amplification of the other viruses. The amplified fragment was same with the expected length.The cloning and sequencing results revealed that the sequence of amplified fragment had 100% simililarity to the target sequence,and the minimum detection quantity was 1.665 pg/μL,the effective detection rate was consistent with the three step RT-PCR sensitivity test results. 54 taper toxicity test pigs were detected,and positive identification results and three-step PCR results was consistent.Compared with the three-step PCR,it could save 20 min.These results indicated that the developed two-temperature RT-PCR for detection of type O FMDV was a kind of accurate,rapid,specific and sensitive detection method.     

口蹄疫病毒RT-PCR检测与血清型鉴别

针对编码非结构蛋白的3D基因合成一对引物进行口蹄疫病毒RT-PCR扩增,不同血清型病毒的RNA样本均显现一条457bp的目的带,与预期设计的长度相符合。在敏感性试验中,O型、A型和AsiaⅠ型病毒的最小RNA检出量分别为0.8ng、8ng和8ng。根据GenBank发表的口蹄疫病毒VP1和2A基因序列,采用多重RT-PCR鉴别口蹄疫病毒血清型,O型、A型和AsiaⅠ型病毒的特异性扩增片段分别为200bp、340bp和500bp。对9份乳鼠感染病料进行检测,确诊为O血清型口蹄疫病毒感染。     

口蹄疫病毒3ABC基因的克隆与测序

参考 Gen Bank中发表的猪源 O型口蹄疫病毒 3 ABC的基因序列 ,设计一对特异引物 ,以猪源 FMDV/ O/ CC株基因组 RNA为模板 ,RT-PCR扩增 3 ABC基因 ,并克隆到 p MD1 8-T载体中。测序结果显示 ,FMDV/ O/ CC株 3 ABC基因 c DNA长 1 2 81 bp,编码为 42 7个氨基酸残基组成的多肽。核苷酸序列和推导氨基酸序列同源性比较发现 ,FMDV/ O/ CC株和 FMDV/O/ TW/ 99株 3 ABC基因亲缘关系密切。核苷酸同源性为 97% ,推导氨基酸序列同源性为96.3 %。     

口蹄疫病毒分型诊断芯片探针设计初报

为建立口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)不同血清型与基因型的基因芯片检测方法,设计针对O型8个基因型、A型3个基因型和亚洲1型的特异性探针。从美国GenBank与英国世界口蹄疫参考实验室基因库下载了O型、A型和亚洲1型FMDV的VP1基因序列547条。对每一血清型序列用DNA Star软件ClastalW程序进行多重比对,做系统发育分析并进行基因分型。用生物学软件BioSun 2.0建立基因型数据库,设计每一基因型的特异性探针。共设计出104条候选探针,通过芯片试验筛选出12条特异性探针。以各型特异性探针所对应的靶序列模板做10倍系列稀释进行PCR扩增,扩增产物与探针杂交,验证各探针的灵敏度。对O型SEA、Euro-SA、ME-SA、WA 4个基因型的各条探针的灵敏度进行了检验,结果这些探针能够检测到102数量级拷贝数的阳性靶标。     

Serotype C foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from India belong to a separate so far not described lineage

Complete 1D gene sequences of 13 Indian foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type C field isolates and a vaccine strain (C-Bombay/64) were determined. All the field isolates showed a greater genetic homogeneity (95-100%) among themselves and were 19.7-21.2% divergent from the vaccine strain. In the phylogenetic analysis, the Indian field isolates formed a separate lineage (lineage VII) different from the previously identified six lineages (lineage I-VI) in type C FMDV [J. Virol. 66 (1992) 3557]. The vaccine strain was grouped with European lineage (lineage II). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of antigenic sites A and C of field isolates showed no significant variation from the vaccine strain. One-way serological relationship determined in ELISA showed antigenic closeness of the field isolates with C-Bombay/64.     

3株O型FMDV VP1基因的克隆与序列分析

以3株国内分离的O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)(分别命名F1、F2、F3)为研究目标,根据GenBank中注册的FMDV VP1基因的序列设计2对引物,采用RT-PCR方法成功地扩增出含有VP1全基因的cD-NA片段,将3个cDNA片段分别克隆到pMD20-T Vector载体中进行序列测定,得到3个毒株VP1基因的序列。结果表明,3个O型FMDV毒株VP1基因cDNA长度均为639 bp,编码213个氨基酸。3株O型毒株彼此之间的核苷酸序列同源性在92.3%~94.2%之间,推导氨基酸序列同源性在97.2%~98.6%之间。与3个毒株同源性高的主要为香港和台湾的毒株。     

Molecular epidemiological studies on foot-and-mouth disease type O Taiwan viruses from the 1997 epidemic

Sequence diversity was assessed of the complete VP1 gene directly amplified from 49 clinical specimens during an explosive foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in Taiwan. Type O Taiwan FMD viruses are genetically highly homogenous, as seen by the minute divergence of 0.2-0.9% revealed in 20 variants. The O/HCP-0314/TW/97 and O/TCP-022/TW/97 viral variants dominated FMD outbreaks and were prevalent in most affected pig-raising areas. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences around the main neutralizable antigenic sites on the VP1 polypeptide showed no significant antigenic variation. However, the O/CHP-158/TW/97 variant had an alternative critical residue at position 43 in antigenic site 3, which may be due to selective pressure in the field. Two vaccine production strains (O1/Manisa/Turkey/69 and O1/Campos/Brazil/71) probably provide partial heterologous protection of swine against O Taiwan viruses. The type O Taiwan variants clustered in sublineage A1 of four main lineages in the phylogenetic tree. The O/Hong Kong/9/94 and O/1685/Moscow/Russia/95 viruses in sublineage A2 are closely related to the O Taiwan variants. The causative agent for the 1997 epidemic presumably originated from a single common source of type O FMD viruses prevalent in neighboring areas.     

Sequence analysis of the non-structural 3A and 3C protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 field isolates from an endemic country

A total of 18 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia1 field isolates belonging to two different lineages (including the divergent group) as delineated earlier in VP1-based phylogeny were sequenced in the non-structural 3A and 3C protein-coding regions. The phylogenetic trees representing the regions coding for the non-structural proteins were very similar to that of the structural VP1 protein-coding region. Phylogenetic comparison at 3C region revealed clustering of Asia1 viruses with the isolates of serotypes O, A and C in the previously identified clade. Comparison of amino acid sequences identified lineage-specific signature residues in both the non-structural proteins. Overall analysis of the amino acid substitutions revealed that the 3A coding region was more prone to amino acid alterations than 3C region.     

Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A in South America

A databank of 78 VP(1) complete sequences of type A foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from South American isolates was constructed. Forty-nine samples corresponded to FMDV that circulated between the years 1999-2008, mainly in Venezuela, where most type A outbreaks have occurred lately and twenty-nine to strains historically relevant for the continent. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all South American FMDV belonged to the Euro-SA topotype. Sixteen subgenotypes could be identified, based on a 15% nucleotide divergence cut-off criterion: eight are extinguished, three were active until the year 2002 and the remaining five circulated in Venezuela during the years 2001-2007, illustrating the potential for FMDV diversification under appropriate selective pressure. The last emergencies reported in already-free areas of Colombia in 2004 and 2008 were closely related to isolates acting in Venzuela. Evidence of positive selection over codon 170, within the immunogenic site 4 of VP1 protein, was recorded. A codon deletion in amino acid position 142, within the G-H loop, was found in some isolates within subgenotypes 14, 15 and 16. Conversely amino acid deletion 197 was restricted to all isolates within a particular genetic cluster. The present work is the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of FMDV type A in South America, filling a gap of knowledge with respect to both, historical and acting viruses. The results provided evidence that supports the ecosystem dynamics in the region, and also served as an input to establish genetic links of emergencies in already-declared free areas, highlighting the need for strengthening control activities.     

O型、A型及Asia-1型口蹄疫病毒多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据口蹄疫病毒VP1基因序列,利用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计4条特异性引物,通过对退火温度等反应条件进行优化,建立能够同时扩增出O型、A型、Asia-1型口蹄疫病毒的多重RT-PCR检测方法。结果表明,建立的方法最低可以检测出约含1 pg/μL的病毒样品;该方法对猪瘟病毒、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒等其他相关病毒的检测结果均为阴性,特异性良好。建立的方法能够对口蹄疫O型、A型、Asia-1型病毒准确定型,可广泛用于口蹄疫病毒3个血清型的快速检测和分子流行病学调查。     

A型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因序列的基因分型研究

为设计A型FMDV基因分型探针建立其3个基因型的数据库,以美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)基因库和英国口蹄疫世界参考实验室(FMDWRL)基因库中所登记的血清A型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)VP1基因序列为研究对象,运用双序列比对和构建系统发育树的方法对未知基因型的VP1序列进行基因分型并比较两种方法的分型结果。结果表明,两种分型方法的分型率均达到92%,分型结果基本一致。运用这两种方法都可实现对A型FMDV VP1序列的基因分型。     

两株禽源野生动物冠状病毒分离株S1基因特性的研究

本研究从野生禽类动物孔雀和鹧鸪的喉气管拭子中各分离到1株冠状病毒,经RT-PCR检测成功扩增出S1基测序后和GenBank上报道序列进行同源性比较以及系统发育树分析,发现这两株病毒和鸡传染性支气管炎病毒存在密切的亲源关系.     

AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫病毒灭活疫苗毒株不同宿主系传代中VP1基因的遗传变异研究

口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白VP1参与构成病毒粒子的主要中和抗原位点,是4种结构蛋白中最易发生变异的。在病毒传代过程中,对VP1基因进行遗传变异分析是口蹄疫疫苗研制中不可或缺的环节。为此,作者扩增了经不同宿主系（乳鼠、BHK₂₁细胞）连传不同代次的AsiaⅠ型毒株的VP1基因,并对其进行遗传变异分析,毒株间核苷酸同源性为99.4%~99.8%,推导氨基酸序列同源性为98.6%~100%;制苗毒株经过不同宿主系有限传代后,与传代前的原毒(MF1)相比,VP1基因未发生大的变异,主要抗原位点较稳定,说明以此种方式获得的制苗毒株制备的灭活疫苗是稳定的,适用于该毒株流行区域内相关家畜的免疫预防。     

Multiple introductions of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses into East Asia in 2010–2011

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious and genetically variable virus. Sporadic introductions of this virus into FMD-free countries may cause outbreaks with devastating consequences. In 2010 and 2011, incursions of the FMDV O/SEA/Mya-98 strain, normally restricted to countries in mainland Southeast Asia, caused extensive outbreaks across East Asia. In this study, 12 full genome FMDV sequences for representative samples collected from the People’s Republic of China (PR China) including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), the Republic of Korea, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Japan, Mongolia and The Russian Federation were generated and compared with additional contemporary sequences from viruses within this lineage. These complete genomes were 8119 to 8193 nucleotides in length and differed at 1181 sites, sharing a nucleotide identity ≥ 91.0% and an amino acid identity ≥ 96.6%. An unexpected deletion of 70 nucleotides within the 5′-untranslated region which resulted in a shorter predicted RNA stem-loop for the S-fragment was revealed in two sequences from PR China and Hong Kong SAR and five additional related samples from the region. Statistical parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis provide evidence that these outbreaks in East Asia were generated by two independent introductions of the O/SEA/Mya-98 lineage sometime between August 2008 and March 2010. The rapid emergence of these viruses from Southeast Asia highlights the importance of adopting approaches to closely monitor the spread of this lineage that now poses a threat to livestock industries in other regions.