益生菌、甘露寡糖对早期断奶仔猪生长、免疫和抗氧化机能的影响

选择三元杂交犤杜×(大×长)犦的(18±2)日龄断奶仔猪120头,平均断奶体重(5.57±0.04)kg,按体重和性别分成5个处理组,每处理3个重复。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮;第2组添加金霉素(150mg/kg);第3组为益生菌组,添加0.1%的纳豆芽孢杆菌;第4组为甘露寡糖组,添加0.2%的甘露寡糖;第5组为合用组,添加0.1%的甘露寡糖和0.05%的纳豆芽孢杆菌。试验分为两个阶段:1～14天、15～28天,研究微生态制剂纳豆芽孢杆菌、甘露寡糖对早期断奶仔猪生产性能、细胞免疫和抗氧化机能的影响。结果表明,纳豆芽孢杆菌和甘露寡糖对仔猪日增重的影响与金霉素组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05),纳豆芽孢杆菌能显著降低仔猪前期腹泻率(P<0.05),饲料转化率显著优于金霉素组(P<0.05)。纳豆芽孢杆菌与甘露寡糖对改善仔猪生产性能具有较好的协同作用,纳豆芽孢杆菌与甘露寡糖低剂量合用时,试验前期仔猪日增重显著高于对照组和甘露寡组(P<0.05),仔猪腹泻率显著低于对照组与甘露寡糖组(P<0.05);仔猪血清中CD3+,CD4+水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),GSH-Px活性增加,显著高于甘露寡糖组(P<0.05),对仔猪的免疫和抗氧化机能有改善作用。     

镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪的抗营养效应及葡配甘露聚糖吸附剂的保护作用

选择125头始重(8.04±0.64)kg去势约×荣仔猪,采用2×2+1因子设计,研究被镰刀菌毒素自然污染的玉米以25%和50%的比例等量替换基础饲粮中的正常玉米并在此基础上加或不加葡配甘露聚糖(EGM)霉菌毒素吸附剂霉可吸TM对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分利用率的影响。结果表明:饲喂被镰刀菌毒素污染的饲粮降低了仔猪的生产性能,随霉变玉米替代比例增加,采食量和日增重降低程度增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);显著或极显著降低仔猪饲粮中有机物质、蛋白质、钙、磷的表观消化率(P<0.05或P<0.01)和蛋白质生物学价值(P<0.05),25%污染玉米饲粮对钙的表观消化率无影响(P>0.05);在被镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮中添加0.2%EGM吸附剂可使上述不良效应得到改善,尤以在25%污染玉米饲粮中添加0.2%EGM吸附剂可获得显著的保护效应。     

甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响

选取28日龄断奶的三元[杜×(大×长)]杂交仔猪96头,平均体重为(7.46±0.38)Kg,按体重和性别随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,公母各半。第1个处理组为空白组,第2、3、4个处理组在相同的基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.2%和0.4%的甘露寡糖,研究甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。结果表明:添加0.2%甘露寡糖组断奶仔猪的实验末重、日增重和饲料转化率显著优于其它三组(P<0.05),腹泻率极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。     

营养性复合添加剂缓解霉变玉米饲粮对仔猪空肠黏膜结构的损伤

本试验旨在研究营养性复合添加剂对采食含霉变玉米饲粮断奶仔猪空肠黏膜结构与功能、氧化还原状态以及后肠微生物数量的影响。选用18头26日龄杜×长×大(DLY)断奶仔猪[(8.57±0.21)kg],随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,分别饲喂对照组饲粮、霉变玉米组饲粮和霉变玉米+0.2%营养性复合添加剂饲粮,试验期30 d。结果发现:与对照组相比,霉变玉米极显著提高了断奶仔猪第30天血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性和空肠黏膜丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.01),显著或极显著降低了空肠黏膜总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P0.01)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)(P0.01)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.05),以及盲肠和结肠中乳酸杆菌及盲肠总菌数量(P0.01或P0.05)。与霉变玉米组相比,霉变玉米+0.2%营养性复合添加剂显著或极显著降低了断奶仔猪第30天血清DAO活性(P0.01)和空肠黏膜M DA含量(P0.05),显著或极显著提高了空肠黏膜GSH-Px活性(P0.01)及咬合蛋白(occludin)(P0.05)、闭合小环蛋白(ZO-1)(P0.01)和溶质转运载体家族7成员1(SLC7 A1)mRNA表达量(P0.05)。上述结果表明,霉变玉米饲粮导致仔猪空肠通透性增加、抗氧化能力下降及后肠乳酸杆菌数量的降低,0.2%营养性复合添加剂可在一定程度缓解霉变玉米饲粮对仔猪空肠结构的损伤和脂质过氧化。     

高锌日粮长期暴露对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验选用60头日龄相近(23±1)临床检查健康的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3000 mg/kg 氧化锌、基础日粮+500 mg/kg 蛋氨酸锌。在断奶后0、21、42、70 d,每组随机选取10头仔猪,前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清生化指标。结果表明,在断奶后0~42 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪的体重和日增重显著（P<0.05)或极显著（P<0.01)高于对照组仔猪,而在断奶后42~70 d,对照组仔猪日增重显著高于添加高锌日粮组仔猪（P<0.05）;在断奶后42~70 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪血清AST和ALT水平显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组仔猪,而血清TP、ALB水平显著（P<0.05)或极显著（P<0.01)低于对照组仔猪;在断奶后21~70 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪血清ALP水平极显著高于对照组仔猪（P<0.01）。因此,断奶仔猪早期饲喂高锌日粮能显著缓解仔猪断奶应激,而长期饲喂高锌日粮对断奶仔猪有毒副作用。     

果寡糖和甘露寡糖联用对仔猪生产性能及血液IgG水平影响的研究

试验将32头杜长大仔猪分成4组,每组8头进行饲养试验(3个试验组分别为在基础日粮上添加0.30%果寡糖+0.15%甘露寡糖、0.45%果寡糖+0.10%甘露寡糖、常规抗生素,对照组只喂基础日粮),比较分析各组仔猪的生产指标和血清IgG水平。结果表明:在日粮中添加适宜的寡聚糖与对照组相比能显著(P<0.05)提高仔猪的日增重,改善饲料报酬,并能显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)提高仔猪血清中的IgG水平,在一定程度上说明寡聚糖能替代抗生素对仔猪有一定的促生长作用,其作用机理可能与寡聚糖能诱导各种免疫功能的活化、具有免疫增强剂的功效有关。     

哺乳期补饲精氨酸对断奶仔猪肝脏脂代谢功能的影响

本文旨在研究哺乳期补饲精氨酸对断奶仔猪肝脏脂代谢功能的影响。试验成对选取7日龄体重相近40头哺乳仔猪,分为对照组(CON组)和精氨酸组(Arg组),每组20头猪(公母各占1/2)。7日龄起,在自然哺乳的同时,CON组仔猪每日灌服生理盐水40 mL,Arg组每日灌服精氨酸40 mL[250 mg/(kg·d]。在21日龄时,仔猪断奶并饲喂基础饲粮。每组在断奶当天(21日龄)和断奶后第3天(24日龄)每次随机挑选8头仔猪(公母各占1/2)屠宰并采取肝脏。结果表明:1)断奶后第3天,仔猪的体重与肝脏重均极显著低于断奶当天(P<0.01);与CON组相比,断奶后第3天,Arg组仔猪肝脏指数极显著提高(P<0.01)。2)与CON组相比,Arg组仔猪肝细胞粒径极显著提高(P<0.01),肝细胞面积显著提高(P<0.05)。3)断奶后第3天,仔猪肝脏中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著高于断奶当天(P<0.01);断奶当天,Arg组仔猪肝脏中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL⁃C)含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL⁃C)含量极显著低于CON组(P<0.01)。4)与CON组相比,断奶当天,Arg组仔猪肝脏中脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)基因相对表达水平显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可得,哺乳期补饲精氨酸能够促进断奶仔猪肝脏发育,提高肝脏中HDL⁃C含量,降低肝脏中LDL⁃C含量,提高肝脏中LPL基因的表达水平,进而提高断奶仔猪肝脏脂代谢的功能。     

活性酵母对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和免疫机能的影响

选取21日龄断奶的三元[杜× (大×长 )]杂交仔猪96头 ,平均体重为(5.06±0.49)kg,按体重和性别随机分为4个处理组 ,每个处理组3个重复 ,每个重复8头仔猪 ,公母各半。在4个处理组在相同的基础日粮中分别添加金霉素、耐高温活性酵母、耐高温活性酵母 +金霉素和普通活性酵母 +金霉素 ,研究活性酵母对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和免疫机能的影响。本试验饲粮均经过75℃蒸汽制粒 ,调制时间为10秒 ,蒸汽压力为0.20kg/cm2。结果表明 ,添加耐高温活性酵母组断奶仔猪的试验末重、日增重和饲料转化率极显著优于 (P<0.01)添加金霉素组 ;腹泻率极显著低于 (P<0.01)添加金霉素组 ;与金霉素联合使用后日增重和饲料转化率均无显著差异 ,且显著降低了采食量 (P<0.05)。添加普通活性酵母组的仔猪日增重高于添加金霉素组 ,但极显著低于添加耐高温活性酵母组 (P<0.01)。添加耐高温活性酵母组断奶仔猪的T淋巴细胞转化率高于添加金霉素组 ,与金霉素联合使用后极显著 (P<0.01)提高断奶仔猪的T淋巴细胞转化率。此外 ,添加耐高温活性酵母和普通活性酵母均极显著提高 (P<0.01)断奶仔猪血液中CD4+ /CD8+ 比例。试验结果表明 ,在早期断奶仔猪饲粮中添加耐高温活性酵母有助于提高生产性能、降低腹泻率和提高机体细胞免疫水平。     

洛克沙胂对猪生产性能和血液指标的影响

本研究通过断奶仔猪、生长猪和肥育猪3个试验研究了日粮添加洛克沙胂对猪生产性能及血液指标的影响。试验分别选择96头杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪(8.29±0.99)kg、生长猪(32.68±3.43)kg和肥育猪(62.74±8.89)kg,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4头猪,公母各半。处理1为对照组,日粮中不添加洛克沙胂,处理2、3和4分别在日粮中添加50、100 mg/kg和150 mg/kg洛克沙胂。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,各处理日粮营养水平均为等能量、等蛋白。结果表明:日粮中添加洛克沙胂能显著提高断奶仔猪与生长猪日增重和饲料转化效率(P<0.05),减少仔猪腹泻率(P<0.01)。但对肥育猪增重效果不明显(P>0.05);日粮中添加洛克沙胂使动物血红蛋白、肌酐和谷草转氨酶含量升高,白蛋白含量降低(P<0.05)。表明洛克沙胂对猪具有一定的促生长效果,可增加动物血液运氧能力,但同时有可能对动物肝脏、肾脏造成一定损伤。     

高铜对断奶应激仔猪血清生化指标及激素水平的动态影响

选用30头(28±2)日龄“长大定”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体质量和性别随机分成3组,每组10头。组(对照组)仔猪饲喂基础日粮;组仔猪在断奶后14d内饲喂基础日粮+250mg/kg铜(CuSO4·5H2O),然后改喂基础日粮;组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+250mg/kg铜(CuSO4·5H2O)。试验期28d。所有试验猪均于断奶后0、7、14、28d,经前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清生化指标及血清激素水平。结果表明,与断奶前相比,3组仔猪断奶后血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、总胆固醇和碱性磷酸酶水平均显著下降或极显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);组仔猪血清尿素氮含量在断奶后7d极显著升高(P<0.01),而血清生长激素、胰岛素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸在断奶后7d显著下降(P<0.05);组仔猪血清生长激素、胰岛素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸在断奶后14d极显著升高(P<0.01);组仔猪血清生长激素、胰岛素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸及甲状腺素在断奶后14、28d显著升高或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。试验显示,高铜日粮可显著提高断奶应激仔猪血清生长激素、胰岛素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸及甲状腺素的水平。     

Effects of Fusarium toxins on growth, humoral immune response and internal organs in weaner pigs, and the efficacy of apple pomace as an antidote

A feeding trial using 220 weaner pigs which comprised two experimental series was conducted to investigate the effects of diets contaminated with the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) and to test the hypothesis that apple pomace acts as an antidote to these mycotoxins. Two diets without contaminated wheat, containing either no pomace or 8% pomace, and two diets with naturally contaminated wheat (3.2 mg DON and 0.06 mg ZON, and 2.1 mg DON and 0.25 mg ZON per kg diet in series 1 and 2 respectively), containing either no pomace or 8% pomace were fed ad libitum for 5 weeks. Mycotoxin exposure lowered feed intake (p < 0.01) and growth (p = 0.05), and tended to decrease the energy conversion ratio (p = 0.06). Although the intake of apple pomace did not increase feed intake, it increased the growth rate (p = 0.04), mainly by restoring growth in the presence of mycotoxins (p = 0.08 for the interaction mycotoxin x pomace). In the first experimental series, the animals were immunized with a parvovirus vaccine. The percentage of seroconverting animals did not differ between the treatments (p = 0.56), which indicates that DON did not affect the humoral immune response. In the second experimental series, female piglets fed the contaminated diets had heavier uteri than piglets fed the uncontaminated diets (p < 0.01), regardless of pomace supplementation. The results show that pomace may alleviate the negative effect of DON on growth but does not counteract the hormonal effects of ZON.     

Effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins with and without a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent on reproductive performance and serum chemistry of pregnant gilts

Contamination of animal feedstuffs with Fusarium mycotoxins can cause reduced feed intake and hyperaminoacidemia resulting from reduced hepatic protein synthesis. The current study investigated the effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on reproductive performance, serum chemistry, ADFI, and ADG of gilts, and tested the ability of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GMA) to reduce or eliminate the effects of the contaminated feeds. Thirty-six Yorkshire gilts were fed 3 diets (n = 12 gilts/diet) from 91 +/- 3 d of gestation until farrowing. Diets included 1) control, 2) contaminated grains, and 3) contaminated grains + 0.2% GMA. Diets contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins did not affect ADFI (P = 0.24), but ADG (P = 0.029) and G:F (P = 0.047) were reduced. Serum concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate, haptoglobin, protein, albumin, globulin, urea, glucose, cholesterol, Ca, Na, Mg, P, K, and Cl, and hepatic enzyme activities were not affected by diet. The frequency of stillborn piglets was greater (P = 0.03) for gilts fed contaminated grains compared with that of gilts fed contaminated grains + GMA. The feeding of contaminated grains + GMA also increased (P = 0.026) the percentage of pigs born alive compared with gilts fed the contaminated diets. In conclusion, feeding gilts diets that are naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins can increase the incidence of stillborn piglets and this effect can be reduced by dietary supplementation with GMA.     

自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清酶水平的影响

试验旨在研究自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉(M)对仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清酶水平的影响.选用28日龄平均体重(9.59±0.79)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪15头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头仔猪.对照组饲喂基础日粮,50% M组和100% M组分别用自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉替代基础日粮中50%和100%优质的玉米及玉米蛋白粉.预试期7 d,正试期15 d.结果表明:①随着自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉替代比例的增加,仔猪平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)呈线性或二次曲线降低(P <0.05),其中,50% M、100% M组仔猪ADG显著降低,100% M组ADFI显著降低(P <0.05).②随着自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉替代比例的增加,仔猪日粮总能(GE)、有机物(OM)、干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)的表观消化率呈线性或二次曲线降低(P <0.05).③随着自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉替代比例的增加,血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)水平呈线性或二次曲线降低(P <0.05),丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平呈线性或二次曲线升高(P <0.05),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平呈先降后升的二次曲线变化(P <0.05).综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲喂自然霉变玉米和玉米蛋白粉可降低仔猪生长性能,降低日粮总能、有机物、干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的表观消化率,影响机体血清酶的正常水平.     

大豆异黄酮抗霉变饲料对肉鸡的影响及机制

将150只8日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每次重复6只鸡。处理1组饲喂正常饲粮(阳性对照),处理2组为10%霉变玉米替代处理1组中正常玉米(阴性对照),处理3、4、5组分别在处理2组基础上添加100、200 mg/kg的大豆异黄酮和0.05%的膨润土。结果显示,与阳性对照组比较,处理2组显著地降低了肉鸡的采食量、日增重,增加了料肉比(P<0.05);显著地提高了血清中AST、ALT、AKP和LDH的浓度(P<0.05);同时降低了肝脏和血清中GSH-PX、SOD的活性(P<0.05)。大豆异黄酮和膨润土的添加显著地提高了肉鸡采食量、日增重(P<0.05),降低了料肉比(P<0.05);同时降低了血清中AST、ALT、AKP和LDH的浓度(P<0.05);大豆异黄酮的添加还显著地提高了肝脏和血清中GSH-PX、SOD的活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,大豆异黄酮显著地抑制了霉菌毒素对肉鸡肝功能和生长性能的影响。     

黄曲霉毒素降解菌对饲喂含AFB_1霉变玉米日粮蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究黄曲霉毒素降解剂(霉立解菌,MLJ060菌)对饲喂含黄曲霉毒素B(1AFB1)霉变玉米日粮蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。选取60周龄农大三号蛋鸡70只,随机分为7个处理,分别为基础日粮(正常玉米)组(C0)和用20%、40%、60%霉变玉米分别替代C0组中等量正常玉米的C20、C40、C60组及霉变玉米日粮中添加MLJ 060菌的E20、E40、E60组,其中霉变玉米中AFB1含量为70μg/kg,MLJ 060添加量按每千克霉变玉米添加0.4 L发酵液,试验期为21 d。结果表明:对照组C0产蛋率为75%,随着日粮中霉变玉米添加量增加,C20、C40、C60组产蛋率分别降低到65%、63.41%和49.79%,C40、C60组显著低于C0组(P<0.05);而添加MLJ060菌后的E20组产蛋率提高到74.68%,E40、E60组的产蛋率也随之提高。C60组蛋鸡日耗料量显著低于C0、C20、C40组(P<0.05),MLJ060菌的添加没有显著改善采食霉变玉米鸡的采食量(P>0.05)。随发霉玉米添加量的增加,蛋黄重下降,蛋黄色泽、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度均显著变差(P<0.05),其中C40组蛋黄重显著低于C0组(P<0.05),E40组与对照组差异不显著;C20组的蛋黄色泽显著低于C0组,E20组与对照组接近。霉变饲料中添加黄曲霉素降解菌在一定程度上改善和缓解了黄曲霉毒素对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的不利影响。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验研究了日粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标的影响。选用28日龄健康断奶仔猪60头,公母各半,随机分为3组：对照组（基础日粮）、试验1组（基础日粮中添加抗生素（喹乙醇100 g/t,金霉素75 g/t,土霉素钙60 g/t））及试验2组（基础日粮中添加400 g/T的GOD）,每组4个重复,每个重复5头猪。试验期31 d,测定试验期间仔猪的生长性能及试验结束时仔猪血清生化指标。结果表明：日粮中添加GOD后,仔猪末重、平均日增重（ADG）均显著高于对照组和试验1组（P<0.05）,日均采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）均显著低于对照组和试验1组（P<0.05）;血清谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著低于对照组和试验1组（P<0.05）,血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）和球蛋白（GLB）水平未有显著变化（P>0.05）;血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、总超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）均有提高,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;血清免疫球蛋白A、G、M（IgA、IgG、IgM）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）均显著高于对照组和试验1组（P<0.05）,干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,白细胞介素2（IL-2）和白细胞介素4（IL-4）水平均高于对照组和试验1组,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合以上试验结果,在日粮中添加400 g/t的GOD可有效改善仔猪血液抗氧化能力,提高仔猪生长性能,缓解仔猪的肝脏损伤。     

Modified halloysite nanotubes reduce the toxic effects of zearalenone in gestating sows on growth and muscle development of their offsprings

Background: Zearalenone(ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin that is primarily produced by Fusarium fungi and has been proven to affect the reproductive capacity of many species to varying degrees. The present experiment was designed to study the maternal persistent effects of zearalenone toxicity in gestating sows on growth and muscle development of their offsprings, and the alleviation of zearalenone toxicity by modified halloysite nanotubes(MHNTs).Methods: Eighteen sows were fed with one of three dietary treatments that included the following:(1) a control diet,(2) a contaminated grain diet(with 50 % moldy corn, 2.77 mg/kg ZEN), and(3) a contaminated grain diet(with 50 %moldy corn, 2.76 mg/kg ZEN) + 1 % MHNTs. Each sow was exclusively fed its experimental diets from 35 to 70 d of gestation at a total of 2 kg daily. Muscle samples were collected from six piglets per treatment at birth, weaning and finishing.Results: The results showed that feeding the sows with the ZEN-contaminated diets from 35 to 70 d of gestation decreased the ADG, ADFI and G:F of their offsprings(P 0.05). The muscle fiber numbers in the newborn, weaning and growing-finishing pigs and the muscle fiber diameters at birth and weaning were also decreased by maternal ZEN exposure(P 0.05). The expressions of IGF-I, IGF-II, Myf-5 and Mstn at birth and IGF-II, Pax7, Myf-5 and Myo D1 at weaning were altered by feeding gestating sows with ZEN-contaminated diets(P 0.05). The MHNTs reduced most of the ZEN-induced toxic effects: the ADG and ADFI on growth performance, the muscle fiber numbers at weaning and finishing and the muscle fiber diameters at weaning(P 0.05). The expression levels of IGF-II and Mstn in newborn piglets and IGF-II and Myf-5 in weaning piglets were also prevented by adding 1 % MHNTs(P 0.05).Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the offsprings of sows fed with ZEN-contaminated diets from 35 to 70 day of gestation exhibited weakening on growth performance, physiological changes in their muscle fibers and alterations of m RNA expression in their muscle tissues, and also indicated that MHNTs prevented most of the ZENinduced weakening in the muscle tissues.     

Effects of Fusarium Toxins on Serum Enzymes Activity,Liver Antioxidant Function and Histopathology of Weaned Gilts

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Fusarium toxins contaminated diet on serum enzymes, liver antioxidant function and histopathology of weaned gilts.Forty healthy weaned gilts (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) aged 35 d with body weight of (8.45±0.94) kg were randomly allocated into 2 groups with 20 replicates per group and 1 pigs per replicate.Gilts in the control group were fed with basal diet, and those in the experiment group were fed with Fusarium toxins contaminated diet made by replacing 50% of corn and corn gluten meal in the basal diet with the naturally contaminated corn and corn gluten meal (0.90 mg/kg ZEN, 1.43 mg/kg DON, 5.85 mg/kg FUM).Gilts were fed individually in a metabolic cage for 35 d after 7 d adaptation.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group, the serum activities of AST, ALT and ALP in experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the liver index of experiment group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).②Compared with control group, the activities of GSH-Px and T-SOD in serum and liver of experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the MDA content in serum and liver were significantly increased (P<0.05).③ Histological examination of liver in experiment group revealed a certain degree of damage, with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration partly at the margin of hepatic lobule and vacuoles degeneration of local hepatic cells.The results indicated that Fusarium toxins contaminated diets (0.90 mg/kg ZEN, 1.43 mg/kg DON, 5.85 mg/kg FUM) could change serum enzymes activity and impair liver antioxidant function, with a certain degree of pathological injury of liver in the present study, which had a negative impact on the normal liver function in weaned gilts.     

The efficacy of a modified aluminosilicate as a detoxifying agent in Fusarium toxin contaminated maize containing diets for piglets

Two feeding experiments with female weaned piglets were carried out applying a complete two by two factorial design to investigate the effects of the dietary inclusion of 500 g/kg Fusarium toxin contaminated maize (8.6 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON); 1.2 mg/kg zearalenone (ZON)) and of 4 g/kg aluminosilicate (AS) as a detoxifying agent. The resulting four diets were fed ad libitum to a total of 80 piglets (20 piglets per group, allotted to a total of 20 pens) covering a live weight range of 10.5 +/- 1.3 to 27.5 +/- 4.4 kg in experiment 1, and to a total of 48 piglets (12 piglets per group, allotted to 12 pens) covering a live weight range of 9.7 +/- 1.8 to 21.4 +/- 4.8 kg in experiment 2. The animals of experiment 1 were slaughtered on days 34-36 of feeding the experimental diets. The mycotoxin analyses revealed that the control maize also contained considerable concentrations of Fusarium toxins, but the differences in DON and ZON concentrations between control and contaminated diets were sufficiently high to demonstrate both dose-related toxin effects. Voluntary feed intake and live weight gain of the animals were significantly reduced by the inclusion of Fusarium toxin contaminated maize into the diets in both experiments, while a significantly decreased feed to gain ratio was found in experiment 1. Furthermore, the relative weight of the uterus, stomach and heart of the animals fed the contaminated maize containing diets were significantly increased. Serum albumin concentrations and the activity of GLDH were significantly reduced by the inclusion of the contaminated maize. The addition of AS to the Fusarium toxin contaminated diets did not prevent or alleviate any of the mentioned effects. Moreover, the feed intake tended to be decreased by this supplementation in both experiments, while a significantly decreased feed to gain ratio was indicated for this factor in experiment one as well. The serum concentration of albumin and the activities of ASAT and gammaGT were significantly increased if AS was present in the diets while serum concentration of cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol were decreased significantly or in tendency, respectively. The concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters in liver and serum were not altered by the treatments. The analysed concentrations of zearalenone (ZON) and its metabolites in the bile fluid clearly indicated the differences in dietary ZON concentrations and showed that AS was ineffective in preventing the absorption of the toxin from the gastrointestinal tract. Also, serum concentrations of DON reflected the DON intake prior to sampling. However, there were no differences between groups fed diets with or without AS which also suggests the inefficacy of the tested AS in preventing the DON absorption. The present investigations failed to demonstrate a detoxifying capacity of the tested additive and emphasize the general necessity for a critical verification of detoxifying agents in vivo.