粗粉碎小麦替代玉米在泌乳奶牛中的应用

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的粗粉小麦替代玉米对奶牛泌乳性能、养分消化率及血浆代谢物浓度的影响。试验将16头平均体重为(570±45)kg、平均泌乳天数为(85±16)d的奶牛随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复1头牛。各组日粮中分别用0、9.5%、19.0%和28.5%的3.5 mm粉碎的小麦替代玉米,试验共进行21 d。结果:随着日粮粗粉小麦添加水平的升高,干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率表现为显著线性降低(P 0.05),淀粉表观消化率表现为显著二次曲线效应(P 0.05),其中28.5%粗粉小麦组较对照组和9.5%粗粉小麦组中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著降低了13.03%、12.77%(P 0.05),酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著降低了5.11%、6.17%(P 0.05)。瘤胃pH和乙酸与丙酸比值表现为显著线性降低(P 0.05)。随着日粮粗粉小麦添加水平的升高,乳蛋白含量表现为显著线性降低(P 0.05),血浆胆固醇浓度表现为显著线性降低(P 0.05),而血浆胰岛素和尿素氮浓度表现为显著线性升高(P 0.05)。结论 :在不影响奶牛养分表观消化率、瘤胃pH、乳脂肪及血浆代谢物浓度情况下,泌乳奶牛日粮中粗粉小麦替代玉米的适宜水平为19.5%。     

甜菜粕替代玉米对肉牛生长性能及瘤胃发酵成分的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平甜菜粕替代玉米对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵能力及营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选择初始体重为(237.2±24.5)kg的肉牛36头,随机分为4组,每组9头牛,每头牛作为1个重复,试验共进行20周。试验基础日粮以玉米和青贮高粱为主,处理组分别用33%、67%和100%甜菜粕等量替代玉米。结果:试验期间肉牛总增重和日增重随甜菜粕替代水平的升高表现为显著二次曲线效应(P<0.05),料比表现为显著二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。日粮添加甜菜粕显著提高肉牛瘤胃pH(P<0.05),33%甜菜粕替代玉米组瘤胃氨氮含量最高(P<0.05);随着日粮甜菜粕添加水平的升高,总脂肪酸、乙酸、丁酸含量及乙酸与丙酸比值表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05),而丙酸和异丁酸含量表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05)。有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和纤维素摄入量随日粮甜菜粕水平的升高表现为显著二次曲线增加效应(P<0.05),而粗脂肪摄入量表现为显著二次曲线降低效应(P<0.05)。有机物、中性洗涤纤维、纤维素和半纤维素表观消化率随甜菜粕水平的升高表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05)。血清肌酸酐、胆固醇水平随甜菜粕添加水平的升高表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05),而血清尿素氮、甘油三酯、IGF-1、皮质醇和T4含量表现为显著二次曲线升高效应(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,肉牛日粮用甜菜粕替代玉米可有效提高营养物质的消化率,改善肉牛瘤胃的发酵能力,在不损害动物健康的前提下提高日增重,降低料肉比,其适宜替代水平为67%。     

含胆囊收缩素抗体卯黄粉对断奶仔猪生产性能及养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究含胆囊收缩素(CCK)抗体卵黄粉对断奶仔猪生产性能、日粮养分消化率及血清CCK浓度的影响.90头(30±2)日龄断奶约克仔猪[平均体重(7.05±0.20)kg]随机分为5个处理,分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮中添加100、200、300 mg/kg和400 mg/kg含CCK抗体卵黄粉的试验日粮,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头仔猪.试验期28 d.结果表明,与基础日粮组相比,添加含CCK抗体卵黄粉可提高仔猪全期平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI),降低料内比(F/G),其中200 mg/kg组ADG提高12.14%(P＞0.05),ADFI提高6.92%(P＞0.05),F/G降低4.62%(P＞0.05).同时,日粮粗蛋白质消化率随含CCK抗体卵黄粉添加量的增加呈二次曲线变化(P=0.044).添加含CCK抗体卵黄粉后,仔猪血清CCK浓度下降,200 mg/kg组降低35.6%(P＞0.05).综合来看,添加200 mg/kg 含CCK抗体卵黄粉组效果最好.     

喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响。选择160头31日龄仔猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组添加3%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉,试验期14d。结果表明:日粮添加3%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉显著提高了仔猪的日增重(P0.05),降低了仔猪腹泻率(P0.05);显著提高了仔猪对饲料干物质的表观消化率(P0.05),对钙、磷、粗蛋白质的表观消化率有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉适合仔猪的营养需要,可以应用于生产。     

玉米赤霉烯酮及吸附剂对断奶仔猪生产性能、营养物质利用率和肌肉品质的影响

研究1mg/kg玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对断奶仔猪生产性能、营养物质利用率和肌肉品质的影响,并探讨不同Condition Ade 200 HPC(CDA)吸附剂水平改善ZEA影响的效果,以期确定最有效的CDA添加剂量。随机选择35头断奶仔猪,分成7个处理:基础日粮组(C1);基础日粮添加2.5g/kgCDA组(C2);基础日粮添加1mg/kgZEA组(E1);ZEA污染日粮分别添加1.25(E2)、2.5(E3)、5.0(E4)、10.0(E5)g/kgCDA组。试验期24d,通过测定平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、饲料转化率(FCR)、总能(GE)和粗蛋白(CP)表观消化率和代谢率,腿肌、胸肌和背肌的营养成分等,研究CDA吸附剂对ZEA影响的改善作用。研究表明:1mg/kgZEA显著提高ADG(P<0.05),但对ADFI和FCR没有影响(P>0.05);1mg/kgZEA明显降低GE和CP表观消化率及GE代谢率(P<0.05);CDA吸附剂对生产性能、营养物质利用率和肌肉品质没有影响;1mg/kgZEA日粮中添加2.5、5.0和10.0g/kgCDA吸附剂能够缓解ZEA的影响,并在5.0和10.0g/kg水平时,ADG和ADFI、表观消化率(GE和CP)和表观代谢率(GE)不再变化。ZEA浓度为1mg/kg时,断奶仔猪日粮中CDA吸附剂的最佳添加量为5g/kg。     

酵母提取物替代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究酵母提取物(yeast extract,YE)部分或全部替代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉(spray-dried plasma protein,SDPP)对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻指数的影响。试验选用160头体重[(8.32±0.50)kg]和日龄[(30±2)d]相近的PIC断奶仔猪。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,分别饲喂基础日粮(处理1)、含3%SDPP的日粮(处理2)、含1.5%SDPP+1.5%YE的日粮(处理3),含3%YE的日粮(处理4)。试验期14 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明:试验第1周,饲喂含1.5%SDPP+1.5%YE日粮的仔猪平均日采食量(average dai-ly feed intake,ADFI)显著高于对照组仔猪(15%,P0.05),平均日增重(average daily gain,ADG)显著高于对照组和3%SDPP组仔猪(12%~22%,P0.05);料肉比(the ratio of feed to body weight gain,F/G)显著低于对照组和3%SDPP组仔猪(6%~8%,P0.05)。试验全期,饲喂含1.5%SDPP+1.5%YE日粮的仔猪ADFI和ADG显著高于对照组和3%YE组仔猪(P0.05),且料肉比显著低于对照组和3%SDPP组仔猪(5%~6%,P0.05);同时,3%YE组仔猪ADFI和ADG与对照组及3%SDPP组仔猪差异不显著。因此,本试验条件下,采用3%酵母提取物替代3%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉并不会影响仔猪生长性能,且部分替代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉有改善仔猪采食量、日增重和料肉比的效果。     

断奶仔猪饲粮中玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂替代肠膜蛋白粉的研究

本试验旨在研究饲粮中玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂替代肠膜蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分和氨基酸表观消化率、血清激素指标及粪便菌群结构的影响,以研究断奶仔猪饲粮中玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂能否起到替代肠膜蛋白粉的作用。试验采用2×2析因设计,2个因素分别为蛋白质饲料原料种类(肠膜蛋白粉和玉米蛋白粉)和鲜味剂[添加(0.2%)和无添加]。试验选取28日龄大白×长白二元断奶仔猪128头,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。4个试验组分别为肠膜蛋白粉组、肠膜蛋白粉+鲜味剂组、玉米蛋白粉组和玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组的平均日采食量与肠膜蛋白粉组无显著差异(P>0.05),玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组的平均日增重显著低于肠膜蛋白粉组(P<0.05)。2)玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著低于肠膜蛋白粉组(P<0.05),其余养分表观消化率与肠膜蛋白粉组无显著差异(P>0.05)。玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组的赖氨酸、丝氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸表观消化率均显著高于玉米蛋白粉组(P<0.05)。3)玉米蛋白粉+鲜味剂组的血清胃饥饿素和胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ含量显著高于玉米蛋白粉组(P<0.05),血清胃饥饿素含量与肠膜蛋白粉组无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)玉米蛋白粉组的ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数最低,Simpson指数最高。玉米蛋白粉组的巴氏杆菌属和密螺旋体菌属相对丰度远高于其余3组,功能基因相对丰度最低,且在菌群氨基酸和碳水化合物的运输与代谢、翻译、核糖体结构和转录等功能上弱于其余3组。由此可见,玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂具有改善饲料适口性、增加断奶仔猪对养分的消化吸收、提高生长性能的作用。因此,可以在断奶仔猪饲粮中使用玉米蛋白粉配合鲜味剂替代肠膜蛋白粉。     

大米蛋白粉替代乳清浓缩蛋白在断奶仔猪中的研究

试验选用体重相近的14日龄断奶仔猪(杜×长×大)24头,根据体重和性别随机分为4组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组、2组和3组分别用大米蛋白粉替代基础日粮中5%、10%和15%的乳清浓缩蛋白。研究了大米蛋白粉替代乳清浓缩蛋白对超早期断奶仔猪生长性能和血清血常规指标的影响。结果表明,超早期断奶仔猪日粮中,大米蛋白粉替代一定比例的乳清浓缩蛋白,断奶仔猪各组之间的ADFI、ADG和F/G差异均不显著(P>0.05),不过,在8￣14d,大米蛋白粉有提高仔猪ADG和降低料肉比的趋势;各组仔猪血液中红细胞、白细胞及血小板等血常规指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);其机体代谢水平和免疫机能差异也不显著。提示可以用大米蛋白粉替代一定比例的乳清浓缩蛋白应用于早期断奶仔猪。     

大米浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响

研究主要考察大米浓缩蛋白部分或全部替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率和肠道发育的影响。选择108头25日龄DLY断奶仔猪,按照单因素试验设计,分别饲喂对照日粮(含鱼粉5%),大米浓缩蛋白粉替代50%或100%鱼粉的日粮,试验期21 d。结果发现,大米浓缩蛋白替代50%鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分表观消化率没有显著影响(P0.05)。大米浓缩蛋白全部替代鱼粉显著降低日采食量和日增质量(P0.05),显著提高料重比(P0.05),同时显著降低能量、干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率(P0.05)。各处理组对肠道绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值没有显著影响(P0.05)。总结以上数据,大米浓缩蛋白可部分替代断奶仔猪日粮中鱼粉而不影响生长性能。     

核苷酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和血液指标的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平核苷酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和血液指标的影响,初步探讨了日粮中核苷酸的最适添加量。试验选用240头21日龄断奶、体重相近的"杜×长×大"三元断奶仔猪,随机分成4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头仔猪(公、母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,核苷酸Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%核苷酸,试验期42d。结果表明:与对照组相比,核苷酸Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组平均日增重(ADG)均显著提高(P0.05),核苷酸Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组料重比(F/G)均显著降低(P0.05);相比对照组,核苷酸Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均显著提高了粗脂肪(EE)的表观消化率(P0.05),核苷酸Ⅲ组显著提高了总磷(P)、干物质(DM)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P0.05);与对照组相比,核苷酸Ⅱ组显著降低了血液中白细胞(WBC)和红细胞压积(HCT)水平(P0.05),核苷酸Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组显著降低了血清中肌酐(CRE)和尿素氮(BUN)水平(P0.05),核苷酸Ⅰ组显著降低了血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)水平(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加核苷酸对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分表观消化率和血液指标有一定的改善作用,同时日粮中核苷酸添加量为0.2%时更利于提高断奶仔猪的ADG和养分表观消化率。     

日粮中添加不同水平玉米胚芽粕对育肥猪生产性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响

This experiment was to study the effects of corn germ meal in different levels on use value of finishing pigs.120 health PIC piglets aged 45 days with similar body weight （17±2.1）kg were randomly divided into 4 groups of 5 replicates for each group and 6 pigs for each replicates （male and female were the same in each replicate）.Control group was fed basic diet,group one to three were fed diets containing different amounts of corn germ meal （5%，10% and 15%） with the same concentration of the main nutrient items.The results showed that compared with the control group，feed conversion rate in group one was no significant difference （P＞0.05），feed conversion rate in group two had a significantly decreased （P＜0.05），feed conversion rate in group three was significantly increased （P＜0.05)，average daily feed intake in control group was significantly lower than that in other groups （P＜0.05），and there were no significant differences in daily feed intake among experimental groups （P＞0.05）.With the corn germ meal level increasing，the daily feed intake was increased slightly.Group one and group two had a tendency to reduce the serum urea nitrogen content，but group two had a significant difference （P＜0.05），the content of serum urea nitrogen in group three was increased significantly （P＜0.05），there were no significant differences in serum albumin，total protein and glucose levels among all groups （P＞0.05）. Compared with the control group，the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in group one had no significant differences （P＞0.05）.The apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in group two increased significantly （P＜0.05）,and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in group three decreased significantly （P＜0.05）.There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of crude fat and crude ash compared with the control group （P＞0.05）.Theses results indicate that the best supplementation level of corn germ meal was 10%，the anti-nutritional factors of corn germ meal may be the cellulose.     

发酵玉米蛋白粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道微生物数量和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究复合微生物发酵玉米蛋白粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道微生物数量和抗氧化能力的影响。选取7日龄黄羽肉仔鸡150只,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复5只鸡。对照组饲喂不添加发酵玉米蛋白粉的基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加5%和10%发酵玉米蛋白粉的试验饲粮。试验期49 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮添加5%和10%的发酵玉米蛋白粉能够显著提高肉仔鸡的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.05),并且饲粮添加10%的发酵玉米蛋白粉能够显著降低料重比(P0.05);2)饲粮添加10%的发酵玉米蛋白粉能够显著或极显著提高28日龄的肝脏指数、肾脏指数以及56日龄的肾脏指数、胸腺指数(P0.05或P0.01);3)饲粮添加10%的发酵玉米蛋白粉能够极显著降低28日龄盲肠大肠杆菌数量(P0.01),饲粮添加5%和10%的发酵玉米蛋白粉能够极显著增加28和56日龄盲肠乳酸杆菌的数量(P0.05);4)饲粮添加5%和10%的发酵玉米蛋白粉能够极显著提高血清抗超氧阴离子自由基和抑制羟自由基能力(P0.01),并极显著降低28日龄血清丙二醛含量(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮添加发酵玉米蛋白粉能够有效促进肉仔鸡生长,优化肠道菌群结构,提高抗氧化能力。     

Effects of cellulase supplementation to corn soybean meal‐based diet on the performance of sows and their piglets

A total of 15 primiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) and their litters were used in the current study to evaluate the efficacy of cellulase supplementation on the production performance of sows and piglets. Pigs were randomly allocated into one of three treatments with five replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: (i) CON (corn‐soybean meal‐based control); (ii) EZ1 (CON + 0.05% cellulase); and (iii) EZ2 (CON + 0.10% cellulase). The supplementation of cellulase had no effect (P > 0.05) on body weight and feed intake of lactating sows. At weaning, back fat thickness loss decreased (P = 0.04) linearly in EZ1 and EZ2 treatments. The average daily gain (ADG) of piglets increased (linear P = 0.06, quadratic P = 0.04)) during days 14 to 21 as well as at days 21 to 25 (linear P = 0.03 and quadratic P = 0.01) with the increase in the level of supplemented enzyme. Dry matter and nitrogen digestibility increased (linear P = 0.01) in lactating sows fed EZ1 and EZ2 diet compared with CON. In conclusion, it is suggested that cellulase supplementation to corn‐soybean meal based diet exerts beneficial effects to sows in reducing their back fat thickness loss at weaning and also helps to improve nutrient digestibility. It also helped to improve the ADG of piglets.     

镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪的抗营养效应及葡配甘露聚糖吸附剂的保护作用

选择125头始重(8.04±0.64)kg去势约×荣仔猪,采用2×2+1因子设计,研究被镰刀菌毒素自然污染的玉米以25%和50%的比例等量替换基础饲粮中的正常玉米并在此基础上加或不加葡配甘露聚糖(EGM)霉菌毒素吸附剂霉可吸TM对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分利用率的影响。结果表明:饲喂被镰刀菌毒素污染的饲粮降低了仔猪的生产性能,随霉变玉米替代比例增加,采食量和日增重降低程度增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);显著或极显著降低仔猪饲粮中有机物质、蛋白质、钙、磷的表观消化率(P<0.05或P<0.01)和蛋白质生物学价值(P<0.05),25%污染玉米饲粮对钙的表观消化率无影响(P>0.05);在被镰刀菌毒素污染饲粮中添加0.2%EGM吸附剂可使上述不良效应得到改善,尤以在25%污染玉米饲粮中添加0.2%EGM吸附剂可获得显著的保护效应。     

Supplemental soybean oil or corn for beef heifers grazing summer pasture: effects on forage intake, ruminal fermentation, and site and extent of digestion.

Nine Angus x Gelbvieh heifers (average BW = 347 +/- 2.8 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a split-plot designed experiment to determine the effects of soybean oil or corn supplementation on intake, OM, NDF, and N digestibility. Beginning June 8, 1998, heifers continually grazed a 6.5-ha predominantly bromegrass pasture and received one of three treatments: no supplementation (Control); daily supplementation of cracked corn (Corn) at 0.345% of BW; or daily supplementation (0.3% of BW) of a supplement containing cracked corn, corn gluten meal, and soybean oil (12.5% of supplemental DM; Oil). Soybean oil replaced corn on a TDN basis and corn gluten meal was included to provide equal quantities of supplemental TDN and N. Three 23-d periods consisted of 14 d of adaptation followed by 9 d of sample collections. Treatment and sampling period effects were evaluated using orthogonal contrasts. Other than crude fat being greater (P = 0.01) for supplemented heifers, chemical and nutrient composition of masticate samples collected via ruminal evacuation did not differ (P = 0.23 to 0.56) among treatments. Masticate NDF and ADF increased quadratically (P < or = 0.003) and N decreased linearly (P = 0.0001) as the grazing season progressed. Supplementation did not influence (P = 0.37 to 0.83) forage OM intake, total and lower tract OM digestibility, ruminal and total tract NDF digestibility, or total ruminal VFA; however, supplemented heifers had lower ruminal molar proportions of acetate (P = 0.01), higher ruminal molar proportions of butyrate (P = 0.007), and greater quantities of OM digested in the rumen (P = 0.10) and total tract (P = 0.02). As the grazing season progressed, total tract OM and N and ruminal NH3 concentrations and NDF digestibility decreased quadratically (P < or = 0.04). Microbial N flow (P = 0.09) and efficiency (P = 0.04) and postruminal N disappearance (P = 0.02) were greater for Control heifers and declined linearly (P < or = 0.02) as the grazing season advanced. Depressed microbial N flow seemed to be more pronounced for Oil than for the Corn treatment. Although total digestible OM intake increased with supplementation, metabolizable protein supply was reduced in supplemented heifers. Therefore, feeding low levels of supplemental grain with or without soybean oil is an effective strategy to increase dietary energy for cattle grazing high-quality forages, but consideration should be given to reduced supply of metabolizable protein.     

镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪血清酶、肝脏抗氧化功能及组织病理学的影响

试验旨在研究镰刀菌毒素污染日粮对断奶仔猪血清酶、肝脏抗氧化功能及组织病理学的影响。选择35日龄体重为(8.45±0.94) kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶雌性仔猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂用霉变玉米和霉变玉米蛋白粉替代基础日粮中50%的玉米和玉米蛋白粉配制而成的镰刀菌毒素污染日粮(玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN) 0.90 mg/kg,呕吐毒素(DON) 1.43 mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素(FUM) 5.85 mg/kg)。仔猪单栏饲喂,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性均显著升高(P<0.05),肝脏相对重显著降低(P<0.05);②与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均显著降低(P<0.05),而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);③病理组织学观察发现,试验组断奶仔猪肝脏出现一定程度的组织损伤,部分肝小叶边缘发生明显的炎性细胞浸润,肝细胞发生局部空泡变性。由此可知,镰刀菌毒素污染日粮(0.90 mg/kg ZEN,1.43 mg/kg DON,5.85 mg/kg FUM)饲喂断奶仔猪可引起仔猪血清酶活性改变,肝脏抗氧化功能降低,肝脏组织出现一定程度的病理损伤,从而影响肝脏功能的发挥。     

Effects of concentration and composition of wet corn gluten feed in steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets

Two finishing experiments were conducted to determine the effects of concentration (Exp. 1) and composition of wet corn gluten feed (Exp. 2) in steam-flaked corn-based diets on feedlot steer performance. In Exp. 1, 192 English x Continental crossbred steer calves (299 +/- 0.6 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments (four pens per treatment). Treatments were six concentrations of wet corn gluten feed (Sweet Bran, Cargill Inc., Blair, NE; 0, 10, 20, 25, 30, and 35%) replacing steam-flaked corn (DM basis). All diets contained 10% corn silage, 5% supplement, and 3.5% tallow (DM basis). Gain efficiency and ADG were similar (P > 0.25) among treatments. Dry matter intake was lower (P < 0.10) with 0% wet corn gluten feed than with concentrations of 20, 25, and 35% WCGF. Dry matter intake did not differ among treatments containing wet corn gluten feed. In Exp. 2, 160 English x Continental crossbred steer calves (315 +/- 0.6 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with five dietary treatments (four pens/treatment). Treatments were assigned based on four ratios of steep to corn bran/germ meal mix in wet corn gluten feed plus a negative control (CON). Wet corn gluten feed was fed at 25% of the dietary DM and was made by mixing steep and corn bran/germ meal into the diet. The four concentrations of steep in wet corn gluten feed that comprised the ratios were 37.5, 41.7, 45.8, and 50% (DM basis), with the remaining proportion being the bran/germ meal mix. Bran/germ meal mix was comprised of 60% dry corn bran, 24% germ meal, and 16% fine-cracked corn (DM basis). All diets contained 10% corn silage, 5% supplement, and 3.5% tallow (DM basis). Daily gain did not differ (P = 0.18) among treatments. Gain efficiency did not differ between CON and 50% steep; however, G:F was decreased (P < 0.05) for concentrations of 37.5, 41.7, and 45.8% steep compared with CON. A linear improvement (P < 0.05) was observed for G:F as concentration of steep increased as a proportion of wet corn gluten feed. These data suggest that wet corn gluten feed can be used at concentrations up to 35% of the dietary DM without adversely affecting performance, and that steep has more energy than bran/germ meal in steam-flaked corn-based diets.     

Effects of Fusarium Toxins on Serum Enzymes Activity,Liver Antioxidant Function and Histopathology of Weaned Gilts

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Fusarium toxins contaminated diet on serum enzymes, liver antioxidant function and histopathology of weaned gilts.Forty healthy weaned gilts (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) aged 35 d with body weight of (8.45±0.94) kg were randomly allocated into 2 groups with 20 replicates per group and 1 pigs per replicate.Gilts in the control group were fed with basal diet, and those in the experiment group were fed with Fusarium toxins contaminated diet made by replacing 50% of corn and corn gluten meal in the basal diet with the naturally contaminated corn and corn gluten meal (0.90 mg/kg ZEN, 1.43 mg/kg DON, 5.85 mg/kg FUM).Gilts were fed individually in a metabolic cage for 35 d after 7 d adaptation.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group, the serum activities of AST, ALT and ALP in experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the liver index of experiment group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).②Compared with control group, the activities of GSH-Px and T-SOD in serum and liver of experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the MDA content in serum and liver were significantly increased (P<0.05).③ Histological examination of liver in experiment group revealed a certain degree of damage, with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration partly at the margin of hepatic lobule and vacuoles degeneration of local hepatic cells.The results indicated that Fusarium toxins contaminated diets (0.90 mg/kg ZEN, 1.43 mg/kg DON, 5.85 mg/kg FUM) could change serum enzymes activity and impair liver antioxidant function, with a certain degree of pathological injury of liver in the present study, which had a negative impact on the normal liver function in weaned gilts.     

不同粉碎粒度的豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

本试验研究不同粉碎粒度的豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响,选用26～28日龄断奶(7.9±0.7)kg杜×长×大健康仔猪80头,按体重、性别相同原则随机分为4个处理,每处理设5个重复,每个重复4头猪。各个处理组采用相同的日粮组成,对照组饲喂含常规粉碎豆粕(目标粒径为750μm)的日粮,处理1、2、3分别饲喂含目标粒径为150、30、6μm豆粕的日粮。结果表明:使用粉碎粒度低于30μm豆粕的日粮提高了断奶仔猪日增重(P<0.05),明显提高采食量(P>0.05),降低饲料增重比(P<0.05),显著降低断奶仔猪的腹泻频率;使用粉碎粒度低于30μm豆粕的日粮提高断奶仔猪日粮氮、磷表观消化率(P<0.05),改善能量消化率(P=0.063)和有机物表观消化率(P=0.082),显著提高必需氨基酸的表观消化率(P<0.05)。粉碎粒度低于30μm的超微粉碎豆粕可显著提高断奶仔猪日粮蛋白质的消化效率,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,改善了豆粕作为蛋白质营养源的生物适应性。