大豆浓缩蛋白对超早期断奶仔猪生产性能、小肠粘膜结构和细胞免疫机能的影响

为探讨大豆浓缩蛋白在超早期断奶仔猪饲粮中的应用,试验选用72头14日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪随机分为4组:处理一,不添加血浆蛋白粉和大豆浓缩蛋白;处理二,添加5%血浆蛋白粉,不添加大豆浓缩蛋白;处理三,添加2.5%血浆蛋白粉和5%大豆浓缩蛋白;处理四,不添加血浆蛋白粉,添加10%大豆浓缩蛋白。每处理3个重复(栏),每重复6头猪,试验为期4周。试验结果表明:超早期断奶仔猪饲粮添加5%血浆蛋白粉提高了仔猪采食量(P<0.05)与日增重(P<0.01),降低仔猪料重比(P<0.01);大豆浓缩蛋白未能提高仔猪采食量(P>0.05),可在一定程度上提高仔猪日增重与饲料效率(P>0.05);大豆浓缩蛋白对仔猪小肠粘膜结构和细胞免疫机能没有影响(P>0.05),但有降低仔猪免疫激活状态的趋势(P>0.05)。     

大米浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响

研究主要考察大米浓缩蛋白部分或全部替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率和肠道发育的影响。选择108头25日龄DLY断奶仔猪,按照单因素试验设计,分别饲喂对照日粮(含鱼粉5%),大米浓缩蛋白粉替代50%或100%鱼粉的日粮,试验期21 d。结果发现,大米浓缩蛋白替代50%鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分表观消化率没有显著影响(P0.05)。大米浓缩蛋白全部替代鱼粉显著降低日采食量和日增质量(P0.05),显著提高料重比(P0.05),同时显著降低能量、干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率(P0.05)。各处理组对肠道绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值没有显著影响(P0.05)。总结以上数据,大米浓缩蛋白可部分替代断奶仔猪日粮中鱼粉而不影响生长性能。     

饲粮蛋白源对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用64头25日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组:A、B、C为试验组,分别用猪肠膜蛋白粉(DPS)、大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)、喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)部分取代基础饲粮的鱼粉;D为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕-鱼粉)。试验从仔猪25日龄断奶开始,70日龄结束。结果显示:试验组日增重均显著高于对照组,其中B组比对照组高13.18%(P<0.05);A组、C组分别比对照组高11.53%(P<0.05)、4.43%(P<0.05);B组和A组日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于C组,分别高8.38%(P<0.05)、6.80%(P<0.05)。B组日采食量比对照组高4.82%(P<0.05),A组、C组与对照组相比,日采食量有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。A组、B组与对照组相比,料肉比有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉、猪血浆蛋白粉对早期(25日龄)断奶仔猪的饲喂效果均优于鱼粉,且大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉对仔猪日增重的改善幅度大于喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(P<0.05)。     

饲粮蛋白质来源对仔猪生长性能、肠道形态、血清激素和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白质来源对仔猪生长性能、肠道形态、血清激素和免疫指标的影响.选用(22±1)日龄、体重(7.00±0.19)kg断奶"杜×长×大"三元仔猪320头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复16头猪.断奶仔猪分别饲喂不同蛋白质来源(血浆蛋白粉组、大豆浓缩蛋白组、乳清浓缩蛋白组和鸡蛋粉组)的饲粮,10 d后各组饲粮更换为同一保育料.试验期32 d.结果表明:断奶后10 d,血浆蛋白粉组仔猪日增重分别比大豆浓缩蛋白组、乳清浓缩蛋白组和鸡蛋粉组提高了6.44%(P<0.05)、5.47%(P>0.05)和5.71%(P>0.05),料重比分别比大豆浓缩蛋白组、鸡蛋粉组降低了16.67%(P<0.01)和14.11%(P<0.05).血浆蛋白粉组小肠绒毛高度显著高于大豆浓缩蛋白组(P<0.05),血清IgG、IgA、补体G浓度分别比大豆浓缩蛋白组提高了17.50%、9.31%和4.41%(P<0.05);血浆蛋白粉组第5天、第10天皮质醇浓度显著低于大豆浓缩蛋白组(P<0.05);鸡蛋粉组第5天、第10天IgA和第10天补体C3浓度显著高于大豆浓缩蛋白组(P<0.05);乳清浓缩蛋白组第5天和鸡蛋粉组第10天血清皮质醇浓度均显著低于大豆浓缩蛋白组(P<0.05);断奶后10 d各组间腹泻指数和腹泻率差异不显著(P>0.05).结果提示,血浆蛋白粉是仔猪断奶后10 d理想蛋白质来源,从本试验全期看,大豆浓缩蛋白是仔猪理想蛋白质来源.     

不同来源酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在对比探索不同来源酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选取48头体重[(4.28±0.60)kg]和日龄(18 d)相近杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为3个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每重复4头猪。血浆蛋白组饲喂含4%进口血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)饲粮,纯培养酵母水解物组饲喂含2%纯培养酵母水解物+2%SDPP饲粮,啤酒酵母水解物组饲喂含2%啤酒酵母水解物+2%SDPP饲粮。试验期为14 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明,纯培养酵母水解物组与血浆蛋白组相比,断奶仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)均无显著性差异(P0.05);啤酒酵母水解物组断奶仔猪ADFI和ADG均显著低于纯培养酵母水解物组和血浆蛋白组(P0.05),料重比(F/G)显著高于纯培养酵母水解物组(P0.05)。啤酒酵母水解物在断奶仔猪上的使用效果显著低于纯培养酵母水解物,不能部分替代血浆蛋白粉;纯培养酵母水解物能够作为一种血浆蛋白粉的替代原料。     

含脂乳清和浓缩蛋白乳清对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响研究

为了研究含脂乳清产品"含脂乳清(serolat20-25)"和"浓缩蛋白乳清(serolat P26)"改善仔猪生长性能的功效。该研究选用新生仔猪(杜长大)18窝,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复2窝。分别饲喂15%含脂乳清产品"含脂乳清(serolat20-25)"和7.5%浓缩蛋白乳清"浓缩蛋白乳清(serolat P26)"、血浆蛋白日粮和某商品日粮。仔猪25日龄断奶转群后,3个处理的仔猪各自混群,分别选择60头仔猪,按原组分3个处理,每个重复20头,继续饲喂各自日粮10 d,结束试验,采血测定血液指标。研究表明:哺乳期仔猪日粮使用含脂乳清(serolat 20-55)和浓缩蛋白乳清(serolat P26)没有表现出明显的功效差别(P0.05)。转群过渡期仔猪饲喂15%含脂乳清产品"含脂乳清(serolat 20-55)"和7.5%浓缩蛋白乳清"浓缩蛋白乳清(serolat P26)"、血浆蛋白日粮仔猪有较高的采食量(P0.05);期初体重血浆蛋白日粮处理最大,结束体重3个处理组无差异(P0.05),断奶仔猪使用15%含脂乳清产品"含脂乳清(serolat 20-55)"和7.5%浓缩蛋白乳清"浓缩蛋白乳清(serolat P26)"日增重和饲料效率显著提高(P0.05);腹泻频率处理间差异不显著(P0.05)。与商品日粮相比,添加15%含脂乳清产品"含脂乳清(serolat 20-55)"和7.5%浓缩蛋白乳清"浓缩蛋白乳清(serolat P26)"日粮可以降低血清尿素氮,提高血清甘油三酯(P0.05)。断奶仔猪使用15%含脂乳清产品"含脂乳清(serolat 20-55)"和7.5%浓缩蛋白乳清"浓缩蛋白乳清(serolat P26)"可以促进仔猪生长,提高饲料效率。     

日粮添加铬对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验选择40头体重、胎次、日龄基本一致的健康仔猪,28日龄断奶,随机分成5组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组将基础日粮中1.5%、1%、0.5%的鱼粉用同等重量的皮革蛋白粉代替,试验Ⅳ组喂基础日粮+0.02%酵母铬,正试期为35天。结果表明:①日粮添加0.02%酵母铬可显著提高断奶仔猪日增重(+20.08%,P<0.01);添加皮革蛋白粉各组都显著地提高了仔猪的日增重(0.5%组提高19.51%,P<0.01;1%组提高18.56%,P<0.05;1.5%组提高14.92%,P<0.05)。②日粮添加0.02%酵母铬显著增加了断奶仔猪平均日采食量(P<0.05),而添加皮革蛋白粉的各组则无显著影响(P>0.05)。③添加0.5%皮革蛋白粉饲料利用率显著提高(P<0.05),其余各组都有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

酵母蛋白粉与血浆蛋白粉在乳仔猪日粮中应用效果的研究

本试验旨在研究乳仔猪日粮中添加喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉和酵母蛋白粉对其生产性能、断奶后腹泻率以及血清免疫指标的影响。试验选择18窝乳猪随机分为3组,每组6窝。处理1日粮中添加5%血浆蛋白粉,处理2日粮中添加5%酵母蛋白粉,处理3日粮中添加2.5%血浆蛋白粉+2.5%酵母蛋白粉;试验分7~25日龄断奶和25~40日龄2个阶段。结果表明:酵母蛋白粉替代血浆蛋白后,各处理日增重、采食量和饲料增重比方面均无显著性差异(P>0.05);处理2和处理3的仔猪腹泻率比处理1分别降低了37.93%和21.86%;3个处理组血清中免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM和IgA)水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验结果表明,乳仔猪料中可以使用酵母蛋白粉部分或全部替代血浆蛋白粉。     

酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母水解物替代血浆蛋白粉对仔猪生长性能的影响。选取32头体重(4.28 kg±0.60 kg)和日龄(18 d)相近杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每重复1栏猪,每栏4头猪。血浆蛋白组饲喂含4%进口血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)日粮,酵母水解物组饲喂含2%酵母水解物+2%SDPP日粮。试验期为14 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明,酵母水解物组与血浆蛋白组相比,早期断奶仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)未出现显著性差异(P>0.05),平均日增重(ADG)有提高的趋势(P=0.09),料肉比(F/G)显著性降低(P<0.05)。因此,该酵母水解物能够作为一种血浆蛋白粉的替代原料,部分替代SDPP不影响仔猪采食和增重,且能改善饲料转化效率。     

饲料肽对断奶仔猪生长及血液生化指标的影响

将(21±1)d断奶的皮×杜×长×大仔猪144头随机分为3个处理组,每个处理6个重复。3个处理分别为:添加2%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉的对照组和分别添加1%、2%饲料肽等蛋白取代血浆蛋白粉的试验组,试验期21d。结果表明:添加饲料肽的试验组平均日增重、平均日采食量、饲料增重比和腹泻率均和血浆蛋白粉组差异不显著(P>0.05),各处理组的血液生化指标也没有显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮中添加1%～2%饲料肽可以等蛋白取代血浆蛋白粉,对断奶仔猪的生长没有显著影响。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.