Different Restricted Feeding Amounts Affect Performance of Meat-Type Breeder Ducks during the Laying Period

本研究旨在探讨不同限饲水平对产蛋期肉种鸭生产性能和孵化指标的影响.试验选取40周龄父母代SM3樱桃谷种鸭3 200只(母鸭2 600只,公鸭600只),随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复160只鸭(母鸭130只,公鸭30只).以玉米-豆粕-小麦型配合饲料(代谢能11.50 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质18.00％)为基础饲粮.T1组日饲喂料量最大,为每只鸭225 g,其他组依次降低15 g,分别为210(T2组)、195(T3组)和180 g(T4组),试验期35 d.结果表明:1)当日饲喂料量由225 g下降到210 g时,公、母鸭的体增重均显著下降(P＜0.05),产蛋率略有上升,蛋重略有下降,但二者变化均不显著(P＞0.05),当日饲喂料量继续下降到195和180 g时,与日饲喂料量225 g时相比,公、母鸭体增重、产蛋率和蛋重均显著下降(P＜0.05)；2)经回归分析,公、母鸭体增重、产蛋率、蛋重与日饲喂料量有显著的直线或二次曲线关系(P＜0.05),产蛋率与蛋重之间也有显著的二次曲线关系(P＜0.05)；3)日饲喂料量对种鸭死淘率及种蛋合格率、受精率、健雏率、入孵蛋孵化率和受精蛋孵化率均无显著影响(P＞0.05).结果提示,适当限制饲喂料量可降低体增重,提高产蛋率,但过度限饲会影响生产性能.     

饲粮不同能量水平对产蛋初期肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和蛋组分的影响

本研究旨在研究饲粮不同能量水平对爱拔益加（ＡＡ）肉种鸡产蛋初期产蛋性能、蛋品质以及蛋组分的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选用 ２０周龄体重相近的 ＡＡ肉种母鸡 ３００羽,随机分为 ３组,每组 ５个重复,每个重复 ２０羽。在产蛋率达 ５％（２６周龄）后开始正式试验（２７～４０周龄）,对照组饲喂玉米 －豆粕型基础饲粮,高能组、低能组饲喂能量水平分别为基础饲粮能量 １２０％和 ８０％的饲粮,各组均限饲,且饲喂量相同,试验期为 ９８ｄ。结果表明：１）与对照组相比,高能组和低能组的产蛋率、蛋重显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,低能组合格率显著高于对照组和高能组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且随着饲粮能量水平降低,破蛋率显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）与对照组相比,高能组肉种鸡 ３５、４０周龄的蛋黄颜色有显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,低能组无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,且能量水平对其他蛋品质指标无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。３）与对照组相比,在 ３５周龄时,高能组的蛋黄相对重和蛋黄粗脂肪、蛋黄总胆固醇含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,蛋黄粗蛋白质、蛋清粗蛋白质、蛋清粗脂肪含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;低能组的蛋清相对重、蛋黄总胆固醇含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,蛋清粗蛋白质含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,各组蛋壳相对重和蛋清干物质、蛋黄干物质含量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在 ４０周龄时,高能组的蛋清相对重、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄粗脂肪含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,蛋黄相对重、蛋黄粗蛋白质含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;低能组的蛋清相对重显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,蛋黄相对重显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;各组蛋清干物质、蛋黄干物质、蛋清粗蛋白质、蛋清粗脂肪、蛋黄总胆固醇含量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。上述结果表明,在肉种鸡产蛋初期,高能组较高的饲粮成本却导致了肉种鸡较差的产蛋性能,低能组的产蛋率虽然低于对照组,但合格率却有明显的优势,而且蛋品质及蛋组分不受影响。因此,低能量饲粮可能更有利于生产实践。     

白番鸭数量性状间相关性分析

对ＲＦ系白番鸭蛋重与受精率,孵化率及初生重;见蛋白龄、性成熟期和产蛋率;耗料量和产蛋率;产蛋率与周龄等数量性状间相关性进行观测分析。结果表明：蛋重大（８６～９０ｇ）受精率高（９７．７％）,但孵化率低（６７．４％）;中等蛋重（７６～８５ｇ）孵经率高（８１．０％）;蛋重与初生重呈强直线正相关（ｒ＝０．９４０８）。经观测各组ＲＦ系白番鸭从见蛋到产蛋率无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）;产蛋期间母鸭群的耗料量与产     

饲料铅污染对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质以及抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同剂量铅对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质以及血清、肝脏和肾脏中与抗氧化性能相关指标的影响。选用 ４０周龄生产性能相近的海兰褐蛋鸡 ５７６羽,随机分为 ４组：对照组、试验 １组（Ｔ１组）、试验 ２组（Ｔ２组）、试验 ３组（Ｔ３组）,每组 ４个重复,每个重复 ３６羽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ｔ１、Ｔ２、Ｔ３组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加 １５、３０、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ铅的试验饲粮。试验期 ８周。结果表明：１）各组间产蛋率和料蛋比均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,１～８周 Ｔ３组平均蛋重显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,１～８周 Ｔ１、Ｔ２、Ｔ３组平均日采食量分别较对照组降低了３．７２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、１．９３％（Ｐ＞０．０５）、３．６３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）与对照组相比,试验组蛋白高度和哈夫单位均有降低趋势,除 Ｔ３组蛋白高度（Ｐ＜０．０５）外均差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）;Ｔ３组蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度最低,第 ４周和第 ８周时 Ｔ３组蛋壳强度分别比对照组降低了 ２１．８９％、１６．８４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;蛋壳厚度的变化趋势与蛋壳强度一致,均随着铅添加量的增加而降低,呈现一定的剂量 －效应关系。３）与对照组相比,各试验组血清、肝脏和肾脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量均在一定程度上升高,Ｔ３组血清和肝脏中 ＭＤＡ含量均较对照组显著上升（Ｐ＜０．０５）,各试验组肾脏中 ＭＤＡ含量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;血清、肝脏和肾脏中还原型谷胱甘肽含量和总抗氧化能力以及总超氧化物歧化酶活性均呈现降低趋势。综上所述,饲料中铅污染可以导致蛋品质降低,诱导脂质过氧化作用,降低蛋鸡抗氧化能力。     

１～２１日龄不同性别北京鸭核黄素需要量的估测

本试验旨在估测 １～２１日龄不同性别北京鸭核黄素的需要量。采用 ２（性别：公、母）×９（饲粮核黄素水平：１．２、３．２、５．２、７．２、９．２、１１．２、１３．２、１５．２、４１．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）双因子完全随机试验设计,选取体重相近的 １日龄健康的 Ｚ３系北京鸭公鸭和母鸭各 ３６０只,公鸭和母鸭均随机分为 ９组,每组 ５个重复,每个重复 ８只鸭。结果表明：性别对 １～２１日龄北京鸭的平均日增重和料重比有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）,对平均日采食量、血浆核黄素水平以及血浆谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性均无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。饲粮核黄素水平对 １～２１日龄北京鸭平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、血浆核黄素水平以及血浆ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ、ＬＤＨ活性均有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示,分别以平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比和血浆核黄素水平为评价指标,采用折线模型估测 １～２１日龄北京鸭公鸭核黄素需要量分别为３．３１、３．２４、５．２０、３．８２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,母鸭核黄素需要量分别为 ３．２７、３．１９、３．３３、３．８４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

高温对蛋鸡生产性能和血浆皮质酮,甲状腺素,孕酮水平的影响

本文研究了高温对蛋鸡生产性能和血浆皮质酮、甲状腺素、孕酮水平的影响。结果表明：３０℃高温持续２ｄ，鸡产蛋率、蛋重均未见变化，但耗料量和料蛋比下降显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；再次升温至３５℃持续６ｄ，产蛋率、蛋重、耗料量及料蛋比极显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。随着温度的升高，血浆皮质酮和Ｔ３水平先下降后恢复或回升；血浆Ｔ４和孕酮水平先上升后恢复或稍有下降。     

蛋鸡饲料中添加蒲公英粉的研究

本文研究了炎热夏季，在饲料中添加蒲公英对鸡产蛋性能的影响及效益分析，结果表明饲料中添加２％蒲公英粉（Ⅱ组）可级显著提高产蛋率（Ｐ＜０．０１），蛋重有增加趋势，但着异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；添加４％蒲公英粉（Ⅲ组）的产蛋率显著高于Ⅰ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），但平均日耗料量极显著高于Ⅰ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），显著高于Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在３５d的试验中，Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组多盈利８０．３４元，Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组多盈利３２元。     

饲料中添加维生素E对肉种鸡和肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

设４ 个处理组,即在肉种鸡饲粮中添加ＶＥ：０ 、２０ 、３０ 和４０ＩＵ／ｋｇ 。结果表明,饲料中添加ＶＥ 对种蛋受精率、孵化率和肉仔鸡成活率有明显影响（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。４０ＩＵ 的一组明显高于其它各组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。种鸡产蛋率、产蛋量、肉仔鸡日增重、平均日耗料量和料重比不受饲粮ＶＥ添加量的影响（Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。     

中草药“增蛋灵”对蛋鸡血液生化和产蛋率的影响

由９味中草药组成的“增蛋灵”蛋鸡饲料添加剂，按１．５％的比例加入蛋鸡日粮中，经过２０００只罗曼蛋鸡９０天的饲喂试验证明，中草药“增蛋灵”对蛋鸡的血液生化有显著的影响，使血红蛋白含量增加２．８ｇ％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、血清总蛋白含量增加０．８５ｇ％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、血清白蛋白含量增加０．７３ｇ％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、血清胆固醇含量增加３７．０７ｍｇ％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、血清碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）活性提高８．２２ＩＵ（Ｐ＜０．０５）、血清胆碱脂酶（ＣＨＥ）活性下降１９．３６ＩＵ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而且能提高蛋鸡产蛋率５．２１％，提高饲料利用率７．２７％。     

发酵血粉代替酵母粉饲养蛋鸡试验

通过这次对２３００只产蛋鸡为期两个月的饲喂试验结果表明，用发酵血粉可提高经济效益，产蛋率，平均蛋重试验组与对照组相比差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１），分别比对照组提高４．４７个百分点和２．２ｇ，死淘率明显下降，饲料报酬显著提高（Ｐ均小于０．０５）。     

蛋重对蛋鸭孵化效果的影响

将三个品种(攸县麻鸭、麻旺鸭和三穗鸭)种鸭蛋按蛋重各分5个组在相同的条件下孵化,研究蛋重对不同品种孵化效果的影响。结果表明,种蛋受精率和入孵蛋孵化率:攸县麻鸭蛋重在65~73 g最高,麻旺鸭蛋重在66~70 g最高,三穗鸭蛋重在66~74 g最高,种蛋过重或过轻均不利于种蛋孵化。胚胎死亡率:攸县麻鸭在蛋重61~65 g最低,三穗鸭在蛋重小于62 g时最低,麻旺鸭在蛋重小于58 g时最低,攸县麻鸭种蛋重量适中有利于胚胎成活,三穗鸭和麻旺鸭种蛋重量较轻时有利于胚胎成活。     

Selection responses in duration of fertility and its consequences on hatchability in the intergeneric crossbreeding of ducks

1. From 1992 to 2003, selected (S) and control lines (C) of the laying Brown Tsaiya duck (Anas platyrhynchos) were simultaneously maintained under the same standardised conditions of feeding and management. 2. The selection objective was to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. From generations G1 to G11, 2452 and 2022 female ducks, in S and C lines, respectively, were measured and recorded. In the S line, the percentage selected varied between 20.2 and 34.3% in females and between 7.2 and 20.8% in males. 3. Selection for number of fertile eggs had a correlated effect of increasing the parameter tau of the logistic curves which fitted the daily variations (d 2 to 15) in fertility or hatchability on the basis of eggs set. The differences S-C for the estimates of the times of half maximal fertility and hatchability increased by 0.41 and 0.37 d per generation between G1 and G11, respectively. 4. The highest increases of fertility per day rates after a single AI were observed between d 5 and 11. Moreover, in the selected line, fertility rate was higher than, or equal to, 90% in d 2 from G8. The same tendencies were observed for the changes in the evolution of hatchability on the basis of eggs set. 5. Selection increased fertility and hatchability according to the egg set rates, especially for d 2 to 8 after AI. Hatchability of fertile eggs was not impaired, confirming that selection for one AI per week was possible in this strain of laying ducks.     

Indigenous Muscovy Ducks in Congo Brazzaville. 2. Preliminary observations on indigenous Muscovy ducks reared under moderate inputs in Congolese conditions

To evaluate the potential of the native Muscovy ducks in Congo, a trial was conducted with closed housing, commercial feeding and veterinary care. The characterization included reproductive performance, daily weight gain, live body weight, feed conversion ratio, body live weight productivity, and meat productivity. The experimental genetic stock was bred under natural mating and natural incubation. The number of eggs recorded per female and per clutch was 14.6 ± 3 eggs with 2 clutches per year. The average (±SD) hatchability was 75% ± 3% and the average egg weight was 72 ± 8 g. The sexual dimorphism for body weight appeared after 3 weeks (p < 0.05). The maximum daily weight gain in males reached 55 ± 8 g/day and occurred at 5 weeks, whereas in females it occurred at 4 weeks and reached 35 ± 5 g/day. The carcass yield was 70% ± 5% and 51 ± 8% in males and females, respectively. The meat productivity was 26.7 and 11.5 kg/m² per year in males and females, respectively. From these findings, it can be concluded that the incubation by mother duck is preferred in the small farming duck and that males should be raised for meat and females for egg production. Further studies including local poultry-related issues are needed to optimize the performance of the native Muscovy duck in Congo Brazzaville.     

Impact of Hatching Egg Weight and Egg Shape Index on Hatching Results in Zi Goose

This paper was aimed to study the impact of hatching egg weights and egg shape indexs on hatching of Zi goose,and then sum up the best scheme for hatching eggs screening,so as to provide scientific reference for the selection and retention of Zi goose individuals and family hatching eggs,as well as the breeding and incubation production.2469 hatching eggs of Zi geese of the second year were chosen with the weight range of 94.8 to 154.4 g and an average weight of (123.3±9.5) g;the egg shape index range was 1.24~1.63 and the average index was 1.45±0.05.Using 2 factors 4 levels test design,the weight and the shape index of eggs were divided into four levels and all the eggs were separated into 16 hatching groups.The weight and the shape index were measured and labeled on eggshells.Two hatching experiments were conducted in the same instrument and the hatching conditions were same.The results showed that:① Egg fertility rate was the highest in egg weight <118.0 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;Hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest in >131.9 g group,followed by 125.0~131.9 g group,and the hatchability of fertilized eggs increased along with the increase of egg weight;The highest healthy chick rate of breeding egg hatching lay in 125.0~131.9 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;The highest breeding egg hatching gosling birth weight lay in >131.9 group.② When egg shape index was between 1.47 to 1.51,the egg fertility rate and healthy chick rate were the highest,followed by >1.51 group;In the group 1.47 to 1.51,hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest,followed by 1.42 to 1.46 group.In conclusion,hatching egg weight of Zi goose had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight (P<0.05),and the egg weight of Zi goose between 125.0~154.4 g was advisable;on the other hand,egg shape index also had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs and healthy chick rate (P<0.05),but had no impact on gosling birth weight (P>0.05),and the egg shape index between 1.47 to 1.51 was appropriate.Egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight were affected by interaction of egg weight and shape index.Compared with the weight of eggs,the egg shape index had greater influence on healthy geese rate.The egg shape index had no direct impact on birth weight of young geese,but it could be influenced by the interaction between the egg shape index and the weight.Thus it was not very scientific to take either the weight or the index as the only basis for choosing qualified hatching eggs.     

Effect of breeder age and breeding season on egg production and incubation in farmed ostriches

(1) This research was carried out to investigate changes in egg production and hatchability as influenced by age and breeding season of 10 trios (two females, one male) of ostrich (Struthio camellus) during 1998 to 2002. (2) Breeding season affected number of eggs laid per female per season, average egg weight, length of laying period and clutch sequence. (3) The number of eggs laid per female per season was 25 in the first breeding season and 57 by the fifth breeding season. The laying period lasted 169 d in the first season whereas it was 210 d by the fifth season. The breeding season became longer year by year. (4) The number of clutches was two in the first season, three in the second and 4 in the later breeding seasons: the mean interval between cycles was 9 to 10.6 d and the mean number of eggs in one cycle varied from 12 to 14.4. (5) The breeding season affected the hatchability of fertile eggs, chick weight at hatching, hatchability of total eggs, fertility, malpositioned embryos, deformed chicks and assisted chicks during hatching. The first 4 variables increased and the last three decreased, with each breeding season. (6) Weight loss of eggs and length of incubation were unaffected by the breeding season. Hatchability which was 64.3% in the first season increased progressively and reached 73.1% in the fifth breeding season.     

仙湖肉鸭配套系F13代繁殖性能的观测与分析

对仙湖肉鸭第13世代A系核心群60个家系360只母鸭和B系核心群48个家系288只母鸭的产蛋性能进行观测、记录,并统计分析。结果显示：A系种鸭平均开产日龄比B系稍迟,平均开产体重比B系大,开产蛋重则比B系轻,但A、B两系这三个指标均差异不显著;B系种鸭的繁殖性能明显优于A系种鸭,其50周龄、64周龄产蛋数、种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率均比A系高,且差异极显著;B系种鸭每个月的产蛋率要比A系高5～10个百分点。     

籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对孵化效果影响的研究

本试验旨在研究不同水平蛋重与蛋形指数对籽鹅种蛋孵化效果的影响,进而总结出种蛋筛选的最佳方案,为籽鹅个体、家系种蛋的选留及籽鹅的繁衍、孵化、生产提供科学参考。选取二年籽鹅种蛋2 469枚,蛋重为94.8~154.4 g,平均蛋重（123.3±9.5）g;蛋形指数为1.24~1.63,平均蛋形指数1.45±0.05。采用2因素4水平试验设计,将所有种蛋按蛋重与蛋形指数分成16个孵化组（蛋重与蛋形指数分别分为4个水平）,测量每枚种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数,并在蛋壳上做好编号,在相同孵化条件、同一孵化设备中进行两次孵化试验。结果表明,①蛋重<118.0 g组种蛋受精率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,125.0~131.9 g组次之,且受精蛋孵化率随着蛋重增大升高;125.0~131.9 g组种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重最大。②蛋形指数在1.47~1.51组种蛋受精率及种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>1.51组次之;1.47~1.51组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,1.42~1.46组次之。分析以上结果可得出：籽鹅种蛋蛋重对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重有显著影响（P<0.05）,以籽鹅蛋重在125.0~154.4 g为宜;蛋形指数对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率亦有显著影响（P<0.05）,对种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重无影响（P>0.05）,以蛋形指数在1.47~1.51为宜。籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重的影响均存在交互作用。其中,蛋形指数对种蛋孵化健雏率的影响较蛋重强,其作为单一因素对鹅雏出生重无影响。以上结果表明,以蛋重或蛋形指数任一因素作为种蛋筛选的依据都不科学,应综合考虑以达到种蛋优选的目的。     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸(IMP)来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组(对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸),每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋形指数显著升高(P<0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低(P<0.05);受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

家鸭具有作为血吸虫转运宿主的可能性

为研究日本血吸虫(Shistosomia japonicum)卵通过家鸭消化系统后的孵化能力,将人工感染血吸虫尾蚴45 d的小鼠剖杀,取肝脏和小肠制成匀浆,并进行虫卵计数,将带有虫卵的肝脏及小肠匀浆液分别灌喂家鸭,观测不同时间收集鸭粪的毛蚴孵出情况。结果显示,经过家鸭体内2 h后,粪便中孵化率达到峰值,相对孵化率分别为0.61%和4.066%;7 h后,没有虫卵能孵化出毛蚴。同一批次的虫卵所孵化的毛蚴中,大约经过4 h后其孵化率达到峰值。结果表明,日本血吸虫虫卵通过家鸭消化系统后仍有部分依然保持孵化能力,家鸭具有可能作为血吸虫的转运宿主,拥有传播血吸虫有效虫卵的能力。     

低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能和氮排放的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡生产性能、蛋品质、孵化性能和氮排放的影响。选用30周龄健康的快大型岭南黄羽肉种母鸡288只,根据体重和产蛋率相近原则,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平分别为16%(对照组)、15%、14%、13%,各组的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸及异亮氨酸水平一致。试验期10周。结果表明:1)低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡末重、平均日增重、平均日产蛋量、料蛋比、平均蛋重、产蛋率、破蛋率和不合格蛋率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡鸡蛋的蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋黄重、蛋壳重和蛋壳厚度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。13%CP组的蛋黄颜色显著高于16%CP组(P<0.05)。3)低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡的雏鸡初生重、受精蛋孵化率、弱雏率和受精率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)13%、14%CP组的血浆尿素氮含量显著低于16%CP组(P<0.05),13%CP组的血浆尿酸含量显著低于16%CP组(P<0.05),13%CP组的粪便氮含量显著低于16%CP组(P<0.05)。由此可见,低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和孵化性能无负面影响,但能够降低血浆尿素氮、尿酸含量和粪便氮含量。本试验条件下,黄羽肉种鸡产蛋高峰期的饲粮CP水平可以降低至13%(补充7种必需氨基酸)。