承德接坝地区野猪与本地黑猪杂交后代不同血统含量之间血液生化指标的比较研究

为了研究承德接坝地区野猪与本地黑猪杂交后代不同血统含量之间血液生化指标,试验选择血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、三酰甘油(TG)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(GLU)、肌酐(CREA)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(GOT)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)10项血液生化指标进行比较。结果表明:随着野猪血统含量的升高,TP、ALB、TG、BUN、AKP指标均低于普通家猪。说明血统含量越高,蛋白质、脂肪沉积及钙磷代谢速度越慢,影响野猪生长及日增重,呈负相关。CREA与血统含量呈正相关,是由于高血统野猪日活动量高于普通家猪,有利于提高瘦肉率。随着野猪血统含量的升高,GOT、HDL-C、LDL-C指标变化无规律。     

三个猪种肌肉脂肪酸含量分析

为了评定猪的肌肉营养成分,试验采用气相色谱法测定了长白山野猪、松辽黑猪、杜长大白猪背最长肌肌内脂肪和脂肪酸组成情况。结果表明:长白山野猪肌内脂肪含量极显著低于松辽黑猪和杜长大白猪(P0.01),亚油酸、不饱和脂肪酸相对含量、多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量/饱和脂肪酸相对含量极显著高于杜长大白猪(P0.01);长白山野猪鲜肉中饱和脂肪酸含量极显著低于松辽黑猪和杜长大白猪(P0.01),亚油酸含量极显著高于杜长大白猪(P0.01)。说明长白山野猪肌内脂肪酸相对比例和含量表现良好,值得在肉猪选育中应用。     

1例特种野猪2型猪圆环病毒病的诊断及防控

<正>近年来,特种野猪的养殖规模越来越大,养殖数量也越来越多,已逐步发展到集约化养殖。由于特种野猪进入饲养环境中并与家猪接触,引起很多疾病的发生。现将1例长白山野猪和黑猪杂交的特种野猪发生2型猪圆环病毒病(PCV2)的实验室诊断报告如下。1发病情况及临床症状吉林市郊区某猪场最近几年进行特种野猪养殖,零星出现一些"僵猪",将其中1头病猪送我动物医院进行诊断。该猪是长白山野猪和黑猪杂交的     

长自山野猪杂交3代7项血液生理参数的测定

野猪杂交品种以肉质好，抗病力强，适应性好，耐粗饲而著称。目前，国内外对野猪品种的研究不多，此次研究的野猪杂交3代的父本为纯种长白山野猪和本地杂交所产的后代，其母本为本地猪。现将对野猪杂交品种血液坐化参数和血常规参数的测定报道如下。     

野猪及其杂交群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化的研究

采用PCR-RFLP和PCR-SSCP技术,通过对IGFBP3、LEPTIN、Zp3、MC4R及H-FABP这5个结构基因遗传变异的检测,分析野猪、杜洛克、长白及野猪与杜洛克、野猪与长白的杂交后代5个猪群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化,结果表明:(1)5个群体的平均位点杂合度和多态信息含量结果基本一致,野猪与杜洛克的杂交后代、野猪与长白的杂交后代最高,杜洛克、长白次之,野猪最低;(2)野猪、杜洛克及野猪与杜洛克的杂交后代这3个群体间总变异的17.9%来自种群间,而剩余的82.1%来自种群内;野猪、长白及野猪与长白的杂交后代这3个群体间总变异的27.1%来自种群间,72.9%来自种群内,因此,野猪与杜洛克或长白及野猪与它们的杂交后代的遗传分化均处于中等以上(Fst>0.15);(3)群体间Reynolds′遗传距离显示,杜洛克与野猪的遗传距离比长白与野猪大,可以认为杜洛克与野猪杂交产生的杂种优势较大.     

松辽黑猪及其不同杂交组合对比试验研究

选择松辽黑猪、大白×松辽黑猪。长白山野猪X松辽黑猪×松辽黑猪、巴克夏×松辽黑猪组合的育肥猪各16头,饲养于同一条件,测定生长性能,达到100kg左右体重时每个组合选择3头猪进行屠宰,测定胴体性能取肉样进行肉质测定。结果表明,大白×松辽黑猪组合生长速度最快,长白山野猪×松辽黑猪×松辽黑猪组合生长最慢;大白×松辽黑猪组合屠宰率最高,松辽黑猪屠宰率最低,瘦肉率各组差异不显著;各组肉质指标均达到优质水平,松辽黑猪失水率显著低于杂交组合组。建议大中小型养殖企业生产优质肉猪选用大白×松辽黑猪组合;中小型企业生产特色肉猪选甩长白山野猪×松辽黑猪×松辽黑猪组合;大中型养殖企业生产高档猪肉选用巴克夏×松辽黑猪组合。     

野猪(♂)与鄂西黑猪(♀)杂交的试验研究

野猪肉含17种氨基酸,亚油酸含量是家猪的2~2.5倍,具有浓郁野味,是良好的保健食品,可预防高血压、血管硬化等疾病,有助于儿童智力发育。将野生动物加以驯养,利用它们耐粗饲、抗病力强、瘦肉率高、营养丰富等特点,通过杂交或现代生物学技术来提高现有畜禽品质,生产具有一定特色的畜产品,已在许多国家受到关注。作者于2004年开始在长江大学西校区养猪基地选用纯种野猪和鄂西黑猪进行杂交,对其杂交亲和过程,杂交繁殖结果,杂交后代生长情况以及杂交后代与鄂西黑猪、长白猪和大约克在繁殖性能方面进行比较,以期得到家野猪杂交的资料,为以后开展家…     

豫南黑猪及其杂种肥育猪生长性能和肉质性状的研究

选择48头平均初始体重为30.56kg的肥育猪,分别为对照组、试验1、2组,每组16头,对照组选自20头豫南黑猪母猪纯繁后代;试验1组选自10头豫南黑猪母猪与长白公猪杂交后代;试验2组选自10头豫南黑猪母猪与大约克公猪杂交后代;分别对试验猪的肥育性能和肉质性状进行研究。结果表明:平均日增重试验1组高于试验2组和对照组(P<0.05);胴体瘦肉率试验1、2组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。熟肉率和粗脂肪含量对照组高于试验1、2组(P<0.05);粗蛋白、粗灰分含量试验2组高于试验1组和对照组(P<0.05)。     

长白山野猪杂交3代7项血液生理参数的测定

野猪杂交品种以肉质好,抗病力强,适应性好,耐粗饲而著称。目前,国内外对野猪品种的研究不多,此次研究的野猪杂交3代的父本为纯种长白山野猪和本地杂交所产的后代,其母本为本地猪。现将对野猪杂交品种血液生化参数和血常规参数的测定报道如下。1材料与方法1.1试验动物延边大学农学院动物医学系饲养的6只健康的杂交3代野猪。1.2血样的采集及处理将猪站立保定,在耳大静脉处消毒,采取血样2份,各10 mL。1份加肝素抗凝,另1份非抗凝血样迅速分离血清。1.3测定方法血清钠用快速比色法测定;血清钾用四苯硼钠法测定;血清无机磷用磷钼酸法测定;血清钙…     

松辽黑猪产业化的示范和推广

松辽黑猪是吉林省农业科学院培育出来的地方新品种,它的基础群由杜洛克、长白和本地猪三品种杂交育成,含杜洛克血统45．84％,长白和吉林本地猪血统各27．08％,育种采用不完全闭锁繁育的方式,经过继代选育得到的我国北方第一个瘦肉型黑色母系品种。     

松辽黑猪新品系及其与长白山野猪杂交一代生长肥育性能比较

选择松辽黑猪新品系后备育成猪和长白山野猪与松辽黑猪的杂交一代育成猪各20头,开展饲养试验、屠宰测定、肉质分析以及氨基酸、脂肪酸、血液相关指标的测定比较。结果表明,日增重：松辽黑猪新品系要比长野猪杂交一代高5．49％,差异不显著（P〉0．05）;料肉比：提高19．15％,差异显著（P〈0．05）。长野松杂交猪的瘦肉率比松辽黑猪新品系低3．8％,差异显著（P〈0．05）,肌内脂肪含量松辽黑猪则比长野松杂交猪提高32．25％,有极呈著差异（P〈0．01）。饱和脂肪酸（硬脂酸）含量松辽黑猪比长野松杂交猪高15．43％,差异显著（P〈0.05）：多不饱和脂肪酸亚麻酸的含量松辽黑猪则比野松杂交猪高23．15％,也有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。血液中三碘甲状原氨酸（T3）含量,长野松杂交猪比松辽黑猪提高了98．4％,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;而血清白蛋白和谷草转氨酶含量长野松杂交猪显著高于松辽黑猪（P〉0．05）,胆固醇含量长野松杂交猪则比松辽黑猪降低了10．91％,但没有达到显著性差异（P〉0．05）。     

长白山特种野猪生长发育及胴体品质测定

本实验对F1代和F2代两种含不同野猪血统的长白山特种野猪生长及生长发育性状进行测定。结果表明:在饲养管理水平相似的情况下,野猪血统所占比例越高,特种野猪生长速度相对越慢。长白山特种野猪的屠宰率较高,可达到69%～74%,瘦肉率可达到47%～55%,高于我国一般地方的猪种。长白山特种野猪既可进一步纯化基因作为种用,也可育肥作为商品猪。     

安徽地方猪种染色体Ag-NORs分析研究

对安徽省皖南花猪、皖南黑猪、定远猪、圩猪、安庆六白猪等五个地方猪种Ag-NOR s多态性进行了分析,结果显示Ag-NOR s均数分别为3.69、3.67、3.17、3.73、3.50,众数为4;2个引进品种大约克夏和长白Ag-NOR s均数分别为2.14、2.11,众数为2。Ag-NOR s均定位于10号和8号染色体次缢痕区。从研究结果可以推断皖南花猪和圩猪的品种纯度较高,聚类分析可将5个地方猪种分为2类:皖南花猪、皖南黑猪和圩猪为第1类,定远猪和安庆六白猪为第2类。此外5个地方猪种和2个引进品种Ag-NOR s多态性还为中国猪种起源于亚洲野猪,欧洲猪种起源于欧洲野猪提供了进一步的依据。     

Simulating the spread of classical swine fever virus between a hypothetical wild-boar population and domestic pig herds in Denmark

Denmark has no free-range wild-boar population. However, Danish wildlife organizations have suggested that wild boar should be reintroduced into the wild to broaden national biodiversity. Danish pig farmers fear that this would lead to a higher risk of introduction of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which could have enormous consequences in terms of loss of pork exports. We conducted a risk assessment to address the additional risk of introducing and spreading CSFV due to the reintroduction of wild boar. In this paper, we present the part of the risk assessment that deals with the spread of CSFV between the hypothetical wild-boar population and the domestic population. Furthermore, the economic impact is assessed taking the perspective of the Danish national budget and the Danish pig industry. We used InterSpreadPlus to model the differential classical swine fever (CSF) risk due to wild boar. Nine scenarios were run to elucidate the effect of: (a) presence of wild boar (yes/no), (b) locations for the index case (domestic pig herd/wild-boar group), (c) type of control strategy for wild boar (hunting/vaccination) and (d) presence of free-range domestic pigs. The presence of free-range wild boar was simulated in two large forests using data from wildlife studies and Danish habitat data. For each scenario, we estimated (1) the control costs borne by the veterinary authorities, (2) the control-related costs to farmers and (3) the loss of exports associated with an epidemic. Our simulations predict that CSFV will be transmitted from the domestic pig population to wild boar if the infected domestic pig herd is located close to an area with wild boar (<5 km). If an outbreak begins in the wild-boar population, the epidemic will last longer and will occasionally lead to several epidemics because of periodic transfer of virus from groups of infected wild boar to domestic pig herds. The size and duration of the epidemic will be reduced if there are no free-range domestic pig herds in the area with CSF-infected wild boar. The economic calculations showed that the total national costs for Denmark (i.e. the direct costs to the national budget and the costs to the pig industry) related to an outbreak of CSF in Denmark will be highly driven by the reactions of the export markets and in particular of the non-EU markets. Unfortunately, there is a substantial amount of uncertainty surrounding this issue. If hunting is used as a control measure, the average expenses related to a CSF outbreak will be 40% higher if wild boar are present compared with not present. However, a vaccination strategy for wild boar will double the total costs compared with a hunting strategy.     

利用DNA条形码对海南特种野猪的鉴定研究

试验旨在探讨以猪的细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ（cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ,COXⅠ）基因的特定区段作为DNA条形码识别海南特种野猪与其他品种的可行性和有效性。以海南特种野猪、海南野猪、屯昌猪、五指山猪及长白猪为研究对象,测定其COXⅠ基因,同时在NCBI中下载已发表的具有地方代表性的13个猪品种的COXⅠ基因序列,分析海南特种野猪与其他品种的遗传多样性、遗传距离,并构建系统进化树。结果发现,猪COXⅠ基因序列长1 419 bp,5个猪品种45个个体COXⅠ基因共检测到67个变异位点,占分析位点的4.7%,其中简约信息位点22个;5个猪品种的种内遗传距离为0.001~0.019,其中海南特种野猪的种内遗传最大,为0.019;5个猪品种的种间遗传距离为0.009~0.123,其中海南特种野猪与长白猪的遗传距离最大,为0.123;海南特种野猪杂交情况比较明显,与海南本地品种五指山猪、屯昌猪和海南野猪都有聚类,与武夷黑猪、三都黑猪、陆川猪位于一个分支,另一部分与大花白猪位于一个分支,与长白猪没有聚类。本试验结果为海南特种野猪的进一步选育提供了参考依据。     

不同遗传背景猪群体黏病毒耐药蛋白1基因多态性分析

为探讨不同遗传背景猪黏病毒耐药蛋白1（myxovirus resistance,Mx1）基因的遗传多态性,本试验采用RT-PCR方法扩增克隆出猪Mx1基因并进行生物信息学分析,采用高分辨率熔解曲线法（HRM）对民猪、长白山野猪与民猪杂交猪（简称野杂猪）和大白猪3个群体Mx1基因外显子2区多态性进行分析。结果显示,从民猪及野杂猪中成功克隆出4条Mx1基因mRNA序列。该序列含有1个1 992 bp的完整开放阅读框（ORF）,编码663个氨基酸。比较发现4条Mx1基因序列中共含有30个SNPs位点,其中17个SNPs位点引起了氨基酸序列的变异。功能结构域分析发现,大部分氨基酸突变位点位于Mx1基因功能结构域两侧。HRM多态性分析显示,Mx1基因外显子2区DD基因型作为优势基因型在3个群体中具有最高的基因型频率,其中大白猪中DD基因型频率为100%,野杂猪为62.5%,民猪为56.2%。基因多态性分析还发现该区域存在更多的核苷酸及氨基酸突变位点,表明民猪和野杂猪Mx1基因存在更丰富的基因多态性。     

The Polymorphism Analysis of Mx1 gene in Pig Populations from Different Genetic Background

In order to explore the polymorphisms of myxovirus resistance (Mx1) gene in pig populations from different genetic background,we cloned Mx1 gene and tested the polymorphisms on exon 2 of Mx1 gene in Min pig, crossbred from wild boars in Changbai Mountain with Min pig (crossbred wild boars) and Large White pig population using high resolution melting (HRM). The results showed that four Mx1 mRNAs were cloned from Min pig and crossbred wild boars, and they had whole ORF which was 1 992 bp in length and coded 663 amino acids. In the four Mx1 mRNA, there were 30 SNPs in nucleotide and 17 mutations in amino acid. The location of SNPs displayed that almost mutations located on two sides of the function domains in Mx1 protein. The polymorphism data in HRM test showed that the DD genotype was the dominant genotype which had the highest frequency in three populations. The DD genotype frequency was 100% in Large White pig population, 62.5% in crossbred wild boars, and 56.2% in Min pig.Some novel mutations in both nucleotide and amino acid on exon 2 region were explored in polymorphism test. In conclusion, there was more polymorphism of Mx1 gene in Min pig and crossbred wild boars.     

Case report: the significance of genotyping for the epidemiological tracing of classical swine fever (CSF)

In Germany, eleven outbreaks of CSF in domestic pig holdings were reported in 2002. They occurred exclusively in regions where CSF virus circulated in the wild boar population. In ten cases the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates from domestic pigs and wild boar had identical sequences in the 5' non-translated region (5'NTR). However, in one case a subtype was isolated which was slightly different from the virus subtype found in the wild boar population of that region. This case is decribed in detail. The epidemiological significance of different diagnostic methods is discussed, in particular the genetic typing of CSF virus isolates.     

猪PLSCR4基因外显子区PCR-RFLP遗传多态性分析

本研究利用PCR-RFLP技术对我国6个地方猪种、中国野猪以及杜洛克、约克夏和长白3个国外猪品种,共307头猪的磷脂爬行酶基因(PLSCRs)外显子区的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明:PLSCR4第7外显子处存在T68C的同义突变,第8外显子处存在G4A的错义突变;在T68C突变位点处,杜洛克、约克夏、长白猪、二花脸、五指山和民猪6个猪群优势等位基因为T,荣昌和野猪群体中优势等位基因为C;在G4A突变位点处,杜洛克、约克夏、长白猪、二花脸、五指山和民猪群体中优势等位基因为G,藏猪、荣昌、金华及野猪群体中优势等位基因A。