烟草马铃薯Y病毒病系统控制技术

烟草马铃薯Y病毒病(Potato virus Y,简称PVY),是由马铃薯Y病毒引起的一种系统侵染烟草的病害。近年来,该病在我国各烟区为害呈上升态势,对烟草的产量和品质造成严重影响,局部地区损失惨重。结合烟叶生产,介绍烟草马铃薯Y病毒病的发生特点和系统控制技术。     

广西烟草病毒病发生情况调查和病原病毒的鉴定

2010~2011年对广西百色市、河池市和贺州市的主要烤烟产区进行烟草病毒病发生情况和种类调查。结果显示,广西烟草病毒病以由烟草花叶病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒引起的花叶类型症状为主,一般发病率1.0%~10.0%,个别严重发病田块发病率达到82.0%~100.0%;马铃薯Y病毒病、番茄斑萎病毒病和曲叶病则为局部发生病害,其中马铃薯Y病毒病在靖西县、南丹县、富川县和钟山县零星发生,发病率0.1%~5.0%,个别田块达到20.0%;番茄斑萎病毒病主要在靖西县、隆林县、田林县和南丹县发生;曲叶病仅在靖西县、隆林县、田林县和乐业县等百色市烟区发现。采用间接ELISA、PCR和RT-PCR等方法对田间采集的185个各类疑似病毒病样进行病毒种类检测,其中145个样品检测出病毒,分别是烟草花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、番茄环纹斑点病毒、中国番茄曲叶病毒和中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒,以及分别由上述2种病毒与云南辣椒曲叶病毒重组而来的2种重组病毒,其中以TMV的检出率最高,占检出样品的86.7%,是广西烟草病毒病的优势病原病毒。     

话说辣椒病毒病

辣椒病毒病已成为辣椒上普遍而严重的病害之一,广东早在1932年就有报道,但一直未鉴定出病毒的种类,直至60年代,我国才开始报道辣椒上的病毒主要是黄瓜花叶病毒(简称CMV)和烟草花叶病毒(简称TMV),病毒病与其他病害不一样,如真、细菌病害的病原物与症状基本上是稳定的,而病毒病不然,一种病毒可产生多种症状,或一种症状,可能由多种病毒混合侵染引起的。鉴定毒原有指示植物、血清反应、稳定性测定、以及电镜检查等多种方     

我国小麦病毒病害发生现状与趋势分析

在简要介绍我国发生的小麦病毒病害种类、发生规律与侵染循环的基础上,对1987-2007年小麦病毒病在国内的发生情况进行了分析,发现我国小麦病毒病发生呈现暴发性间歇危害的特点,主要表现在年份和地区间的发病面积波动很大,而且主要集中在我国的中西部欠发达地区。分析了影响小麦病毒病流行的因素,提出当前一段时间小麦病毒病研究与防治建议。     

湖北省烟草主要病害发生规律及原因浅析

湖北省是我国重要的烟叶产区,年产烟叶230万担,烟叶生产主要分布于4个区域,根据地域特点,一般将湖北省烟叶种植区域分为鄂西南烟区（恩施州）和鄂北烟区（宜昌市、襄樊市、十堰市）。目前,湖北省调查发现的烟草侵染性病害有25种,其中真菌病害16种、病毒病害5种、细菌病害3种、线虫病害1种。本研究调查了湖北省主要烟草病害（烟草病毒病、赤星病、黑胫病）的发生情况,并分析了影响烟草病害发生的因素,以期为烟草病害的有效防治提供参考。     

湖北省白肋烟病毒病调查及其鉴定

１９９５～１９９６年调查表明,湖北省五峰、建始、恩施县（市）白肋烟主产区为花叶和黄花病毒病流行区。１９９５年花叶类型发病率为１０％～９０％,平均３０％以上;黄化类型１０％～３０％,平均２０％左右,蚀纹病在３县（市）零星发生。１９９６年各产区病害比１９９５年轻,以花叶病害为主。经血清鉴定明确,花叶类型病害、黄化类型病害和蚀纹病分别由黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）、马铃薯Ｙ病毒（ＰＶＹ）和烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）引起。ＣＭＶ为侵染白肋烟的主要病毒。这是湖北省白肋烟病毒病调查与病毒鉴定的首次报道。     

广西烟草根结线虫病初步调查结果

烟草根结线虫病(Meloidogyne spp是烟草上的重要病害.国内有河南、贵州、云南等11个省发生.在广西局部烟区乃为历史性老病区,危害日趋严重,而新烟区也不断发现.为进一步了解广西烟草根结线虫病的发生、病原种类及其与前作、环境等因素的关系,我们在全区烟草侵染性病害调查中,重点对一些发病较普遍且病情严重的种烟县做了初步的调查研究,现将结果整理如下:1 病害发生危害情况及病原线虫种类鉴定1.1 病害发生危害情况据1989～1991年调查,全区有武鸣、上林、隆安、玉林、平南、博白、灵山、武宣、罗城、那坡、乐业等11个县(市)有该病发生,病株率一般为10～30%,重的在     

烟草病毒病的综合防治

近年来,由于农业产业结构调整、种植品种的变化,使得烟草病毒病已上升为制约烟草生产的主要病害.病毒病种类多,分布广,株系复杂,复合侵染普遍,防治困难.笔者在此提出烟草病毒病的综合防治对策.     

苏南五地(市)主要蔬菜作物的病毒种类、区域分布和发生趋势

 苏南地处我国东南沿海长江三角州中心。为明确该地蔬菜作物病毒病种类和发生趋势,采用分子生物学核酸检测的方法,对2018年5月至2019年12月,采自江苏南京、无锡、镇江、苏州和常州主要蔬菜作物的232份疑似病毒病样品进行检测鉴定,共检出12种病毒。其中,南京检出7种病毒,无锡检出4种,镇江检出2种,苏州检出6种,常州检出7种。茄科蔬菜中检出11种病毒,葫芦科蔬菜中检出9种,豆科蔬菜中检出7种,以辣椒轻斑驳病毒(pepper mild mottle virus, PMMoV)、番茄褪绿病毒(tomato chlorosis virus, ToCV)、番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus, ToMV)、瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, CCYV)、番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV)和辣椒脉黄化病毒(pepper vein yellow virus, PeVYV)检出率最高。鉴定的南方番茄病毒(southern tomato virus, STV)、烟草扭脉病毒(tobacco vein distorting virus, TVDV)、烟草轻型绿花叶病毒(tobacco mild green mosaic virus, TMGMV)和PeVYV在江苏省属首次报道。检测发现,苏南五地(市)蔬菜作物中普遍存在多种病毒复合侵染现象,有的多达5种病毒复合侵染,PMMoV与其他病毒的复合侵染出现频率高且分布范围较广。研究结果有助于了解苏南五地(市)蔬菜作物主要病毒病的种类、分布和发生趋势,为病害防控提供科学依据。     

彩色马蹄莲病毒病症状类型与病原鉴定

彩色马蹄莲Zantedeschia sp.是世界著名切花,近年来,在国际花卉市场上占有越来越重要的地位[1-2].但是,彩色马蹄莲病毒病发生普遍,花和叶片均可受害,严重影响其观赏价值.已报道的危害彩色马蹄莲(calla lily)的病毒主要有四种,其中发生最普遍、危害最严重的是海芋嵌纹病毒Zantedschia mosaic virus(ZaMV),目前,我国尚未见有关侵染彩色马蹄莲病毒的报道.为此,作者对甘肃省彩色马蹄莲病毒病的发生危害进行了调查,并对其病原进行了鉴定.     

河南省烟草病毒的小RNA测序检测

To identify viruses in Henan tobacco-planting areas, from 2015 to 2017 and 2019, 288 symptomatic tobacco samples were collected and then subjected to small RNA sequencing. Results showed that at least 7 viruses were detected from these samples which including four previously reported viruses, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV). Other three viruses, wild tomato mosaic virus (WTMV), brassica yellows virus (BrYV), and cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) were firstly detected in Henan province. However, tobacco etch virus (TEV) and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) were not detected from these samples. In addition, CMV, TMV, PVY, TVBMV, and BrYV were the dominant viruses infecting tobacco in Henan Province.     

五种烟草病毒TMV、CMV、TEV、PVY及TVBMV的多重RT-PCR同步检测

 我国烟草病毒主要有烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、烟草蚀纹病毒(TEV)、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)和烟草脉带花叶病毒(TVBMV),通常发生复合侵染。本研究对我国5种烟草病毒的外壳蛋白基因部分序列设计引物,通过优化引物和模板浓度,摸索扩增参数,在一个体系中成功对5种病毒复合侵染的烟草材料进行多重RT-PCR扩增,得到237、273、347、456和547 bp共5条特异性条带,建立了能同时检测TMV、CMV、TEV、PVY和TVBMV的多重RT-PCR检测体系。对田间样品检测结果证明,多重RT-PCR体系能够同时检测5种病毒,并且灵敏度高。     

小RNA深度测序鉴定昭通市烟草脉斑病病毒

烟草脉斑病在云南昭通市的烟草上发生危害严重,为明确昭通市烟草脉斑病的病毒种类,本研究采集昭通市的4个烟草种植区症状表现为疑似烟草脉斑病的烟草样品,采用小RNA深度测序技术对不同来源的混合样品进行小RNA测序分析。结果显示混合样品中的病毒分别属于烟草花叶病毒属Tobamovirus、马铃薯Y病毒属Potyvirus和马铃薯卷叶病毒属Polerovirus。根据不同病毒属设计通用引物,分别对不同地区的烟草样品进行RT-PCR验证,结果表明,烟草样品中病毒种类有烟草花叶病毒、烟草脉带花叶病毒、烟草脉扭病毒和马铃薯Y病毒的PVYN、PVYN-Wi和PVYNTN株系。     

从葎草中检出复合侵染的多种病毒

采用抗原直接包被酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对采自重庆近郊的34个葎草样品进行了主要病毒种类的检测。其中马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y, PVY)的侵染最普遍,其阳性检出率达44.12%;马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X, PVX)的阳性检出率最低,仅为26.47%,其余5种病毒,烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)、番茄花叶病毒(Tomato mosaic virus, ToMV)、芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus, TuMV)及蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus 2, BBWV-2)的阳性检出率均为35.29%。葎草样品受多种病毒的复合侵染现象非常严重,15个阳性样品中病毒复合侵染率为80%,其中75%的样品检测到7种病毒复合侵染。     

Evaluation of the status of capsicum viruses in the main growing regions of Turkey

The incidence, severity and distribution of six viruses infecting capsicum were determined in the main growing areas of Turkey during the 2004 growing season. The surveys covered 50 randomly selected capsicum fields from four different areas in south-east Anatolia and the eastern Mediterranean region. 515 samples were individually collected and tested by DAS-ELISA for Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), Potato X potexvirus (PVX), Potato Y potyvirus (PVY), Pepper mild mottle tobamovirus (PMMoV) and Tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV). 64.8% of ELISA-tested capsicum samples (334 out of 515) were infected by one (41.7%) or more (23.1%) viruses. PVY was the most widespread (26.4%), followed by PVX (25.8%), AMV (25.2%), TEV (23%), PMMoV (9.1%) and CMV (8.3%). Surprisingly high AMV infection was found in three areas (Kahramanmaraş, Şanlıurfa and Gaziantep) where AMV is reported for the first time in this study. However, AMV was not detected in Hatay. PMMoV is another new virus, in all the tested areas.     

云南、福建、湖南烟区烟草花叶病主要病毒种类检测及黄瓜花叶病毒亚组鉴定

 采用抗原直接包被和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对采自云南、福建、湖南烟区烟草花叶病样品进行了病毒种类检测,利用三抗体夹心ELISA对黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)的亚组类型进行了鉴定。在云南采集的520个花叶病样品中,烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、CMV和马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)总检出率分别为71.74%、55.01%和6.35%;在福建采集的150个花叶病样品中,TMV、CMV和PVY的总检出率分别为94%、24.66%和8.00%;在湖南采集的74个花叶病样品中,TMV、CMV和PVY的总检出率分别为58.11%、51.35%和2.70%。部分样品为2种以上病毒复合侵染。云南、福建和湖南采集的64个CMV阳性样品中,属亚组Ⅰ的样品为57个,占89.1%;属亚组Ⅱ的样品为10个,占15.6%;其中3个样品为亚组Ⅰ和亚组Ⅱ的复合侵染。     

Identification of the principal viruses infecting tomato crops in Tunisia

Serological tests have been used to detect viruses associated with tomato in 257 samples collected in different regions in Tunisia, Cap-Bon, Sahel and South during successive seasons. The viruses detected were cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) and tomato aspermy cucumovirus (TAV), potato Y potyvirus (PVY), tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) and pepper veinal mottle potyvirus (PVMV), tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV), tobacco rattle tobravirus (TRV), alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV), tomato ringspot nepovirus (TomRSV) and potato X potexvirus (PVX). Some were detected in all three regions surveyed, at variable frequencies: TMV, CMV, TEV, PVY, ToMV, AMV, TAV, TSWV and TRV. Others were only detected in two regions (PVMV in Cap-Bon and Sahel and PVX in Sahel and in the south) or one region (TomRSV in Cap-Bon). Movement of individual viruses from one region to another may be due to movement of specific vectors, as in the case of the thrips-transmitted TSWV moving from the south to the north. Some of these viruses were found for the first time in Tunisia.     

云南美人蕉病毒病病原鉴定

In this study,the causal agents were identified from Canna indica viral diseased plants in Yunnan Province.The diseased C.indica plants mainly exhibited the symptoms like veinal chlorosis and yellowing,streak mosaic or interveinal chlorosis,while older leaves always showed veinal necrosis as well as chlorosis.Viral pathogens were detected by RT-PCR/PCR in 24 diseased C.indica samples collected from Kunming and Yuxi City in Yunnan Province.The results indicated that the main C.indica-infecting viruses were canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV),bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV),sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV).CaYMV showed the highest detection rate of 87.5 %,whereas,the BYMV had the lowest rate of 16.7% in the 24 samples.Co-infections of CaYMV+SCMV,CaYMV+BYMV and CaYMV+SCMV+BYMV were also detected in the diseased samples.However,cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),tobamovirus,luteovirus,orthotospovirus,begomovirus and umbravirus were not detected in these samples.This is the first report of CaYMV and SCMV infecting C.indica in Yunnan province.     

云南美人蕉病毒病病原鉴定

In this study,the causal agents were identified from Canna indica viral diseased plants in Yunnan Province.The diseased C.indica plants mainly exhibited the symptoms like veinal chlorosis and yellowing,streak mosaic or interveinal chlorosis,while older leaves always showed veinal necrosis as well as chlorosis.Viral pathogens were detected by RT-PCR/PCR in 24 diseased C.indica samples collected from Kunming and Yuxi City in Yunnan Province.The results indicated that the main C.indica-infecting viruses were canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV),bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV),sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV).CaYMV showed the highest detection rate of 87.5 %,whereas,the BYMV had the lowest rate of 16.7% in the 24 samples.Co-infections of CaYMV+SCMV,CaYMV+BYMV and CaYMV+SCMV+BYMV were also detected in the diseased samples.However,cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),tobamovirus,luteovirus,orthotospovirus,begomovirus and umbravirus were not detected in these samples.This is the first report of CaYMV and SCMV infecting C.indica in Yunnan province.     

烟草脉带花叶病毒cp基因的原核表达及抗血清制备

 利用马铃薯Y病毒属病毒的简并引物, 通过RT-PCR技术获得了云南烟草病毒分离物YND的3'端约1.7 kb片段, 序列分析证明该分离物为烟草脉带花叶病毒(Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus, TVBMV)。将TVBMVcp基因克隆到表达载体pET-22b (+)上, 在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达出分子量为35.0 kD的融合蛋白。利用该融合蛋白制备了TVBMV的多克隆抗体, ELISA测定抗血清效价为1/4 096。Western blotting和DIBA分析结果表明, 获得的抗血清和原核表达的病毒蛋白及植物病汁液中的病毒均有特异性反应, 可用于TVBMV的快速检测。