TaqMan探针法实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测番茄斑驳花叶病毒

番茄斑驳花叶病毒（tomato mottle mosaic virus,ToMMV）为近年来发现的一种烟草花叶病毒属新成员,是茄科作物上危害严重的主要病毒之一,近几年EPPO全球数据库报道多个国家从进境辣椒和番茄种子中截获该病毒。为防止番茄斑驳花叶病毒通过种子种苗进行传播扩散,本文根据该病毒GenBank中不同分离株外壳蛋白（coat protein,CP）基因保守序列设计特异性引物和探针,建立了TaqMan探针法实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测ToMMV的方法。结果表明,本检测方法特异性强,对烟草花叶病毒（tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）、番茄花叶病毒（tomato mosaic virus,ToMV）、番茄褐色皱果病毒（tomato brown rugose fruit virus,ToBRFV）、黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒（cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV）、辣椒轻斑驳病毒（pepper mild mottle virus,PMMoV）、番茄环斑病毒（tomato ringspot virus,TomRSV）6种病毒均无交叉反...     

云南三七病毒病的发生及病毒种类检测

 对云南省文山市、昆明市、红河州、曲靖市的三七主要种植区进行病毒病调查及相关病毒检测,发现病毒病在上述地区均有发生,年平均发病率均在5%以上,且种植年限越长发病率越高,已成为三七上仅次于根腐病的主要病害。三七病毒病症状类型复杂多样,主要有白化、黄化、褪绿、斑驳、皱缩、卷叶和坏死等。利用PCR/RT-PCR对2011年~2015年,以及2017年采集的466份疑似病毒病样品进行检测,发现侵染三七的病毒主要有三七Y病毒(Panax virus Y,PnVY)、中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl China virus,TYLCCNV)及其卫星(tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite,TYLCCNB)、三七A病毒(Panax notoginseng virus A,PnVA)和烟草扭脉病毒(tobacco vein distorting virus,TVDV),基中PnVY为当前为害云南三七的优势病毒,TVDV在三七上侵染为害系黄症病毒科成员侵染人参属植物的首次报道。PnVY、TYLCCNV、PnVA和TVDV的平均检出率分别为51.5%、31.9%、10.7%和7.0%,存在PnVY + TYLCCNV、PnVY + PnVA以及PnVA + TVDV复合侵染的现象,复合侵染的检出率分别为20.6%、3.4%和0.3%。未检测到番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt tospovirus,TSWV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、烟草花叶病毒属(Tobamovirus)病毒、毛形病毒属(Crinivirus)病毒,以及菜豆金色花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)中除TYLCCNV以外的其他病毒。     

云南三七病毒病的发生及病毒种类检测

 对云南省文山市、昆明市、红河州、曲靖市的三七主要种植区进行病毒病调查及相关病毒检测,发现病毒病在上述地区均有发生,年平均发病率均在5%以上,且种植年限越长发病率越高,已成为三七上仅次于根腐病的主要病害。三七病毒病症状类型复杂多样,主要有白化、黄化、褪绿、斑驳、皱缩、卷叶和坏死等。利用PCR/RT-PCR对2011年~2015年,以及2017年采集的466份疑似病毒病样品进行检测,发现侵染三七的病毒主要有三七Y病毒(Panax virus Y,PnVY)、中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl China virus,TYLCCNV)及其卫星(tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite,TYLCCNB)、三七A病毒(Panax notoginseng virus A,PnVA)和烟草扭脉病毒(tobacco vein distorting virus,TVDV),基中PnVY为当前为害云南三七的优势病毒,TVDV在三七上侵染为害系黄症病毒科成员侵染人参属植物的首次报道。PnVY、TYLCCNV、PnVA和TVDV的平均检出率分别为51.5%、31.9%、10.7%和7.0%,存在PnVY + TYLCCNV、PnVY + PnVA以及PnVA + TVDV复合侵染的现象,复合侵染的检出率分别为20.6%、3.4%和0.3%。未检测到番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt tospovirus,TSWV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、烟草花叶病毒属(Tobamovirus)病毒、毛形病毒属(Crinivirus)病毒,以及菜豆金色花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)中除TYLCCNV以外的其他病毒。     

河北省番茄黄化曲叶病毒和番茄褪绿病毒复合侵染及分布

 番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV) 及番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus, ToCV)是危害番茄的主要病毒。2016~2017年,在河北省18个番茄主产区调查番茄病毒病危害情况,采集262份植株矮化、叶片黄化、褪绿、卷曲的番茄样品,利用分子生物学技术对病原进行鉴定。结果表明:2016~2017年河北省番茄病毒病发生普遍,所检样品中TYLCV的侵染率为68.66%,其中与ToCV复合侵染率为19.5%;除栾城、滦南、乐亭、永年4地样品暂未检测到ToCV外,其他14个采样点的样品均检测到ToCV,侵染率为19.5%,且全部表现为与TYLCV复合侵染,河北省番茄主产区暂未发现ToCV单独侵染的样品。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒与番茄褪绿病毒复合侵染对番茄黄化曲叶病毒传播的影响

番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV)是一种由烟粉虱传播的单链环状DNA病毒, 在田间可与多种病毒发生复合侵染, 如番茄褪绿病毒(tomato chlorosis virus, ToCV)等?本文对比了TYLCV单独侵染和TYLCV与ToCV复合侵染对烟粉虱获取和传播TYLCV的影响?结果表明, 与取食TYLCV单独侵染的番茄相比, 取食复合侵染番茄的烟粉虱对TYLCV的传毒率显著提高, 且番茄植株和烟粉虱体内TYLCV的病毒积累量也显著提高?试验结果说明复合侵染会提高烟粉虱的传毒率, 促进TYLCV的发生与流行?     

凤仙花花叶病的病原鉴定

<正>0引言凤仙花(Impatiens balsamina)为凤仙花科(Balsaminaceae)凤仙花属(Impatiens)一年生草本植物,在我国大部分地区均有分布。栽培过程中凤仙花真菌病害主要有白粉病、褐斑病、炭疽病和立枯病等^[1-2]。有关凤仙花病毒病的报道,如番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)^[3]、凤仙花坏死斑点病毒(impatiens necrotic spot virus,INSV)^[4]、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)^[5-6]、烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)^[7]、番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)^[8]、长叶车前花叶病毒(ribgrass mosaic virus,RMV)^[9]等均可侵染凤仙花。     

侵染冬瓜的病毒病原种类鉴定

本研究在我国主要冬瓜产区采集具有典型病毒病症状的病叶材料105份,根据葫芦科作物上常见的5种病毒病原的CP基因设计特异性引物,对105份待检冬瓜材料进行RT-PCR检测。检测结果表明:5对特异引物可分别在105份待检材料的95份中检测到小西葫芦黄花叶病毒(Zucchini yellow mosaic virus,ZYMV)、西瓜花叶病毒(Watermelon mosaic virus,WMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)4种病毒,未检测到南瓜花叶病毒(Squash mosaic virus,SqMV);并且发现不同的冬瓜主产区致病的病毒种类有较大差异;同时还发现,在这些待检样品中4种病毒复合侵染现象较普遍,其中以PRSV与WMV组合最常见,占复合侵染现象的31.25%;未发现有4种病毒复合侵染。     

云南怒江番茄种植新区番茄病毒检测及病毒种传特性

病毒病对番茄生产造成严重危害, 近年来在番茄种植新区发生严重, 疑似为种子带毒传播。本研究通过对云南省怒江州番茄种植新区的番茄病毒病样品采用RNA-seq高通量测序, RT-PCR验证的方法检测病毒种类;对番茄病果种子进行超薄切片制样透射电子显微镜观察, 将病果种子播种后对种苗进行RT-PCR带毒检测。结果表明, RNA-seq高通量测序及RT-PCR检测到的病毒有番茄环纹斑点病毒(tomato zonate spot orthotospovirus, TZSV)、番茄黄斑驳相关病毒(tomato yellow mottle-associated virus, TYMaV)、辣椒脉斑驳病毒(chili veinal mottle virus, ChiVMV)、南方番茄病毒(southern tomato virus, STV)。透射电镜观察到种胚细胞及胚乳细胞中分布典型的正番茄斑萎病毒属Orthotospovirus病毒粒体。病果种子播种28 d后的种苗具有病毒病症状, 通过RT-PCR检出TZSV、ChiVMV、STV, 检出率分别为60%、100%、80%。上述研究结果为TZSV通过种子传播提供了有利的证据, 并为源头防控番茄病毒病提供了依据。     

海南岛西瓜病毒病种类鉴定及发生分布

正病毒病是西瓜生产上的重要病害,目前侵染我国西瓜的病毒主要有西瓜花叶病毒(watermelon mosaic virus,WMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV) 、甜瓜黄斑病毒(melon yellow spot virus,MYSV)、小西葫芦黄花叶病毒     

侵染四川辣椒的番茄斑萎病毒和辣椒轻斑驳病毒的小RNA测序检测及鉴定

 调查发现四川省汶川县当地辣椒的病毒病严重且症状多样,病样粗提液摩擦接种辣椒、矮牵牛和三生烟,出现辣椒系统性花叶焦枯和茎尖坏死,指示植物表现局部枯斑。对3个不同症状的病果进行sRNA深度测序鉴定,发现均含有番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)和辣椒轻斑驳病毒(Pepper mild mottle virus,PMMoV)。通过RT-PCR技术进行验证,结果显示所有病样的果皮和部分新鲜种子以及回接寄主的病叶均检测到TSWV和PMMoV,表明该地辣椒病毒病是由TSWV和PMMoV复合侵染引起。这是TSWV侵染四川辣椒的首次报道。分别基于TSWV N基因序列和PMMoV CP基因序列构建系统发育树,汶川分离物TSWV-WC(MK468469)与贵州分离物(KP684518)亲缘关系最近,PMMoV-WC(MK408614)与北京分离物(AY859497)亲缘关系最近。推测该地辣椒病毒病可能与品种引进有关。     

应用模糊综合评判法分析西花蓟马在江苏地区的适生性

根据西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)生物学生态学特性,选择年均温(Ta)等七项生态因子,以江苏省13个气象交换站近20年(1981~2000)的气象资料为基本数据,运用模糊综合评判法探讨了该虫在江苏地区的适生性分布范围。结果表明,最适宜分布区主要包括苏州和无锡环太湖地区,适宜分布区主要包括宁镇丘陵、常州、无锡、南通、常熟、张家港及扬泰南部地区,次适宜分布区主要位于江淮和里下河范围,可能适宜区主要包括连云港和盐城的北部沿海地区。     

西藏昌都市卡若区蔬菜主要病毒检测及番茄斑萎病毒鉴定

为明确西藏昌都市卡若区高原条件下的蔬菜主要病毒种类, 对温室、大棚和露地栽培的主要蔬菜进行了病毒病调查, 采集典型病毒病症状样品进行ELISA检测, 明确病毒种类; 并利用电子显微镜观察, RT-PCR扩增克隆与测序分析对主要病毒进行鉴定分析。ELISA检测结果表明, 西藏昌都市卡若区温室及大棚栽培的番茄、辣椒和莴苣上的主要病毒有番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV)、马铃薯Y病毒(potato virus Y, PVY)及凤果花叶病毒(pepino mosaic virus, PepMV)。其中TSWV检出率最高, 为45%。进一步对检出TSWV的蔬菜样品进行电子显微镜观察, 发现其中含有典型的正番茄斑萎病毒属Orthotospovirus病毒粒体, 应用TSWV-N基因特异性引物进行RT-PCR扩增克隆和序列分析, 发现西藏昌都市卡若区蔬菜感染的TSWV与云南TSWV分离株亲缘关系最近。本研究结果明确了西藏昌都市卡若区蔬菜的主要病毒种类。综合抗体检测、病毒粒体形态观察与分类相关基因的克隆测序结果, 明确了西藏昌都市卡若区蔬菜感染的主要病毒为TSWV。这也是TSWV在西藏的首次报道, 为了解TSWV的发生分布及其防控提供了依据。     

Occurrence and distribution of viruses infecting tomato and pepper in Alibori in northern Benin

In surveys conducted in 2011 and 2012 to identify the viruses causing diseases on pepper and tomato in the department of Alibori in northern Benin, 451 samples of pepper and tomato were analyzed by ELISA using 11 specific antibodies. The highest virus incidence among the surveyed districts was recorded on pepper in Malanville (56.18%), followed by Karimama (39.32%). The most frequently found viruses were Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Potato virus Y-necrotic (PVY-n), accounting respectively for 22.39%, 21.73% and 15.96% of the collected samples. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was detected in only 2.43% of the samples, whereas Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were not detected in any of the samples tested. Double and triple infections involving different virus combinations were found, respectively, in 14.86% and 4% of the samples. Five plant species (Euphorbia hirta Linnaeus, Moringa oleifera Lam, Leucas martinicencis (Jacquin) R. Brown, Combretum micranthum G. Don, Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.) out of 30 samples belonging to 13 botanical families, collected within or nearby tomato and pepper fields, were found infected with PVMV, PVY-n, and CMV. Control measures to reduce the impact of viruses on pepper and tomato production are discussed. This is the first report of viruses infecting pepper and tomato in Benin.     

辣椒上烟草轻型绿花叶病毒的鉴定

 辣椒源自南美洲，属于茄科辣椒属（Capsicum L.），为重要经济作物。病毒病是影响辣椒生产的主要病害，侵染辣椒的病毒有40余种［1］，烟草轻型绿花叶病毒（Tobacco mild green mosaic virus, TMGMV）是近年来在辣椒上发生和危害报道较多的病毒之一。TMGMV是McKinney［2］于1935年在烟草属植物（Nicotiana gluanca）上首次发现的，为烟草花叶病毒属（Tobamovirus）成员。除辣椒外，番茄［3］、凤仙花、蓝眼菊和矮牵牛也是TMGMV的自然寄主。     

Patterns in disease progress and the influence of single and multiple viral infections on pepper (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsicum annuum</Emphasis> L.) growth

The patterns and progress of disease caused by multiple infections of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) and their effects on growth of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated in this study. Each virus induced distinct symptoms, but more severe symptoms, including reduced growth rates, were observed when pepper plants were simultaneously infected by more than one virus. When CMV was included in multiple viral inoculations, co-inoculations and sequential inoculations, PepMoV and PMMoV symptoms were observed but the symptoms characteristic of CMV were not masked, even though CMV titre did not increase greatly. In multiple viral infections, PepMoV titre and CMV did not increase significantly, but PMMoV titre gradually increased in most cases. Growth rates of pepper plants were greatly reduced during the 30 to 40-day post-inoculation period under both single-infection and multiple-infection conditions, but multiple viral infections of CMV pre-inoculated peppers were affected to a greater extent. A significant reduction in fruit size and fruit number was observed in single and multiple viral inoculations, and fruit malformation rates were high in CMV single-infection and multiple viral infections with CMV.     

Genetic diversity and mixed infections of begomoviruses infecting tomato, pepper and cucurbit crops in Nicaragua

Begomoviruses were detected in Nicaraguan fields of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and adjacently growing plants of pepper ( Capsicum annuum ), chilli pepper ( C . baccatum ), cushaw ( Cucurbita argyrosperma ) and Mexican fireplant ( Euphorbia heterophylla ) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and universal begomovirus primers. All tomato and Mexican fireplant plants showing symptoms were infected with begomoviruses, while only 30–46% of the pepper, chilli pepper and cushaw plants showing symptoms tested virus-positive. No begomoviruses were found in potato. The virus species were provisionally identified by sequencing 533 bp of the viral coat protein gene ( AV1 ). Tomato severe leaf curl virus (ToSLCV), Tomato leaf curl Sinaloa virus (ToLCSinV) and Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) were found to infect both tomato and pepper. A new provisional species designated Tomato leaf curl Las Playitas virus (ToLCLPV) was detected in a tomato plant. Squash yellow mottle virus (SYMoV) and PepGMV were found in cucurbits, the latter for the first time in this host. Euphorbia mosaic virus (EuMV) was detected in Mexican fireplant. Sequencing of a larger number of PCR-amplified clones from selected plants revealed intraspecific viral sequence variability, and also multiple begomovirus infections which could represent up to three species in a single tomato or cushaw plant. Phylogenetic grouping of virus sequences did not correlate with the host of origin.     

北京地区辣椒上黄瓜花叶病毒和甜菜西方黄化病毒复合侵染的分子鉴定

辣椒是我国重要的蔬菜和经济作物,受多种病毒危害。2014年在北京市顺义区调查时发现部分种植的辣椒植株上叶片大面积黄化,边缘症状明显,个别植株叶片轻微上卷。提取典型症状样品的总RNA,反转录得到cDNA,分别用黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)特异引物和马铃薯卷叶病毒属(Polerovirus)通用引物进行PCR检测,CMV特异引物和马铃薯卷叶病毒属通用引物分别扩增得到约650bp和1 400bp的特异条带。测序和核苷酸序列比对表明,其分别与CMV和甜菜西方黄化病毒(Beet western yellows virus,BWYV)序列同源性最高为99%和96%。这是对我国种植的辣椒上发生的CMV和BWYV复合侵染的首次报道。     

我国梅树上病毒及类病毒的检测和鉴定

目前, 我国梅树上的病毒种类及发生情况仍不完全清楚。本研究从北京、武汉、南京和无锡的梅园中采集了64份疑似感染病毒的叶片样品, 通过RT-PCR和斑点杂交, 对7种病毒和2种类病毒进行了检测。共检测到6种病毒和1种类病毒。其中, 李属坏死环斑病毒(prunus necrotic ringspot virus, PNRSV)和桃潜隐花叶类病毒(peach latent mosaic viroid, PLMVd)为我国梅树上的首次检出。PNRSV、亚洲李属病毒2号(Asian prunus virus 2, APV2)、桃叶痘伴随病毒(peach leaf pitting-associated virus, PLPaV)的检出率高于30%。综合考虑病毒的分布及检出率, PLPaV、APV2、PNRSV和李树皮坏死茎痘伴随病毒(plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus, PBNSPaV)是武汉、南京和无锡梅树上的主要病毒。此外, 通过克隆和测序, 获得了PLMVd和梅树病毒A(mume virus A, MuVA)的基因组, PLPaV的RNA1组分和PNRSV外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列。序列比较分析显示, 我国PLMVd梅分离物和PNRSV梅分离物与我国桃分离物亲缘关系最近, 表明PLMVd和PNRSV可能在梅和桃树间交互侵染;我国MuVA梅分离物序列与日本梅分离物序列的相似性高达98.56%;PLPaV梅分离物与我国桃分离物之间序列变异较大。上述结果不仅进一步明确了我国梅树上的病毒及类病毒种类和分布情况, 而且有助于深入了解它们的流行与传播。     

Systemic necrosis in tomato induced by a Japanese isolate of rehmannia mosaic virus in a temperature-sensitive manner

The Japanese isolate of rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV-J) was initially isolated from chilli pepper in Japan. The leaves of diseased chilli pepper plants, which hold no tobamovirus-resistance genes, have mosaic symptoms. As the symptoms progress, the infected plants develop prominent leaf necrosis and severe leaf fall, followed by stem necrosis and fruit distortion. Additionally, ReMV-J systematically infects tomato and this reportedly leads to mottle in tomato when incubated at 20 °C. This study found that ReMV-J induces systemic necrosis of tomato – except for cultivar Micro-Tom – when incubated at 25 °C. To determine the virus factor involved in the induction of temperature-sensitive systemic necrosis on tomato, intergenic recombinants between ReMV-J and tomato mosaic virus were constructed. All recombinant viruses systemically infected tomato similar to ReMV-J. Recombinant viruses with the movement protein (MP) gene of ReMV-J induced systemic necrosis on tomato. Incubation at 20 °C significantly reduced the ability of recombinant viruses with the MP gene of ReMV-J to induce systemic necrosis. Thus, the ReMV-J MP gene is involved in the temperature-sensitive induction of systemic necrosis on most tomato cultivars tested. This study is the first to report the involvement of the MP gene in temperature-sensitive induction of systemic necrosis by tobamovirus on tobamovirus-susceptible tomato.