云南三七病毒病的发生及病毒种类检测

 对云南省文山市、昆明市、红河州、曲靖市的三七主要种植区进行病毒病调查及相关病毒检测,发现病毒病在上述地区均有发生,年平均发病率均在5%以上,且种植年限越长发病率越高,已成为三七上仅次于根腐病的主要病害。三七病毒病症状类型复杂多样,主要有白化、黄化、褪绿、斑驳、皱缩、卷叶和坏死等。利用PCR/RT-PCR对2011年~2015年,以及2017年采集的466份疑似病毒病样品进行检测,发现侵染三七的病毒主要有三七Y病毒(Panax virus Y,PnVY)、中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl China virus,TYLCCNV)及其卫星(tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite,TYLCCNB)、三七A病毒(Panax notoginseng virus A,PnVA)和烟草扭脉病毒(tobacco vein distorting virus,TVDV),基中PnVY为当前为害云南三七的优势病毒,TVDV在三七上侵染为害系黄症病毒科成员侵染人参属植物的首次报道。PnVY、TYLCCNV、PnVA和TVDV的平均检出率分别为51.5%、31.9%、10.7%和7.0%,存在PnVY + TYLCCNV、PnVY + PnVA以及PnVA + TVDV复合侵染的现象,复合侵染的检出率分别为20.6%、3.4%和0.3%。未检测到番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt tospovirus,TSWV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、烟草花叶病毒属(Tobamovirus)病毒、毛形病毒属(Crinivirus)病毒,以及菜豆金色花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)中除TYLCCNV以外的其他病毒。

Occurrence and virus detection of Panax notoginseng viral diseases in Yunnan Province

Panax notoginseng viral diseases were investigated in main P. notoginseng planting areas of Wen-shan, Kunming, Honghe and Qujing in Yunnan Province. Virus diseases were occurred in the all aforementioned areas with the annual average incidence over 5%, and the phenomenon of longer planting age usually accompanying with higher disease incidence, the results indicated that viral disease has become as one of the P. notoginseng major diseases ranking second to root rot. The symptoms of P. notoginseng viral disease are complex and mainly including whitening, yellowing, chlorosis, mottle, shrinking, leafcurl and necrosis. PCR and RT-PCR were conducted for virus detection in 466 suspected viral disease samples collected in 2011 to 2015, and 2017. The results revealed that viruses infecting P. notoginseng were mainly including Panax virus Y (PnVY), tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) and its satellite of tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB), Panax notoginseng virus A (PnVA), and tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV). Among them, PnVY was the dominant virus infecting P. notoginseng, TVDV infecting P. notoginseng was also the first report for luteovirids naturally infecting the plants of the genus Panax. The average detection rates of these viruses were 51.5% of PnVY, 31.9% of TYLCCNV, 10.7% of PnVA, and 7.0% of TVDV, respectively. Co-infection was common and the detection rates of PnVY + TYLCCNV, PnVY + PnVA and PnVA + TVDV were 20.6%, 3.4% and 0.3%, respectively. No tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, cucumber mosaic virus, virus in the genus Tobamovirus, Crinivirus, and Begomovirus excepting TYLCCNV was detected from these P. notoginseng diseased samples.