2011年云南烟草病毒病发生动态及复合侵染分析

 烟草病毒病发生普遍,在我国部分烟区已上升为烟草的第一大病害。烟草是云南省主要经济支柱之一,然而,病毒病的发生严重影响烟叶的产量和质量,造成一定经济损失。20世纪80～90年代,我国系统地调查了全国烟草侵染性病害,并对侵染我国烟草的病毒种类和严重影响生产的主要种类进行鉴定检测。2005年Zhang等^［1］对云南烟草病毒病及病原进行了研究。但是随着种植业结构的调整,品种的更换,烟草病毒种类出现新的变化,在田间病毒侵染情况也会发生变化。因此,有必要重新调查和鉴定云南烟草病毒种类,弄清影响云南烟草的病毒种类和优势种类,明确其复合侵染情况,从而指导病毒病的防控。     

五种烟草病毒TMV、CMV、TEV、PVY及TVBMV的多重RT-PCR同步检测

 我国烟草病毒主要有烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、烟草蚀纹病毒(TEV)、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)和烟草脉带花叶病毒(TVBMV),通常发生复合侵染。本研究对我国5种烟草病毒的外壳蛋白基因部分序列设计引物,通过优化引物和模板浓度,摸索扩增参数,在一个体系中成功对5种病毒复合侵染的烟草材料进行多重RT-PCR扩增,得到237、273、347、456和547 bp共5条特异性条带,建立了能同时检测TMV、CMV、TEV、PVY和TVBMV的多重RT-PCR检测体系。对田间样品检测结果证明,多重RT-PCR体系能够同时检测5种病毒,并且灵敏度高。     

云南、福建、湖南烟区烟草花叶病主要病毒种类检测及黄瓜花叶病毒亚组鉴定

 采用抗原直接包被和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对采自云南、福建、湖南烟区烟草花叶病样品进行了病毒种类检测,利用三抗体夹心ELISA对黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)的亚组类型进行了鉴定。在云南采集的520个花叶病样品中,烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、CMV和马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)总检出率分别为71.74%、55.01%和6.35%;在福建采集的150个花叶病样品中,TMV、CMV和PVY的总检出率分别为94%、24.66%和8.00%;在湖南采集的74个花叶病样品中,TMV、CMV和PVY的总检出率分别为58.11%、51.35%和2.70%。部分样品为2种以上病毒复合侵染。云南、福建和湖南采集的64个CMV阳性样品中,属亚组Ⅰ的样品为57个,占89.1%;属亚组Ⅱ的样品为10个,占15.6%;其中3个样品为亚组Ⅰ和亚组Ⅱ的复合侵染。     

小RNA深度测序鉴定昭通市烟草脉斑病病毒

烟草脉斑病在云南昭通市的烟草上发生危害严重,为明确昭通市烟草脉斑病的病毒种类,本研究采集昭通市的4个烟草种植区症状表现为疑似烟草脉斑病的烟草样品,采用小RNA深度测序技术对不同来源的混合样品进行小RNA测序分析。结果显示混合样品中的病毒分别属于烟草花叶病毒属Tobamovirus、马铃薯Y病毒属Potyvirus和马铃薯卷叶病毒属Polerovirus。根据不同病毒属设计通用引物,分别对不同地区的烟草样品进行RT-PCR验证,结果表明,烟草样品中病毒种类有烟草花叶病毒、烟草脉带花叶病毒、烟草脉扭病毒和马铃薯Y病毒的PVYN、PVYN-Wi和PVYNTN株系。     

Incidence and identification of virus diseases of tobacco in three provinces of Zambia

Nine tobacco fields of small- and large-scale farmers in Central, Lusaka and Southern provinces of Zambia with an experimental area in the range of 4–52 ha were surveyed for the incidence, prevalence and identification of virus diseases during the growing season of 1997. Samples were collected from three tobacco fields in each of the three provinces, and a total of 72 samples was analysed. Virus identification was based on field disease syndrome, host range studies, DAS-ELISA and electron microscopy of virus particles in some cases. The study demonstrated the occurrence of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). TMV and PVY occurred widely and were common in all three provinces, while AMV and TRSV were relatively less common. The prevalence of the four viruses was TMV 78%, PVY 67%, AMV 33% and TRSV 22%. Serological tests for Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) showed that these viruses were not present in the tobacco samples analysed.     

Identification of the principal viruses infecting tomato crops in Tunisia

Serological tests have been used to detect viruses associated with tomato in 257 samples collected in different regions in Tunisia, Cap-Bon, Sahel and South during successive seasons. The viruses detected were cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) and tomato aspermy cucumovirus (TAV), potato Y potyvirus (PVY), tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) and pepper veinal mottle potyvirus (PVMV), tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV), tobacco rattle tobravirus (TRV), alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV), tomato ringspot nepovirus (TomRSV) and potato X potexvirus (PVX). Some were detected in all three regions surveyed, at variable frequencies: TMV, CMV, TEV, PVY, ToMV, AMV, TAV, TSWV and TRV. Others were only detected in two regions (PVMV in Cap-Bon and Sahel and PVX in Sahel and in the south) or one region (TomRSV in Cap-Bon). Movement of individual viruses from one region to another may be due to movement of specific vectors, as in the case of the thrips-transmitted TSWV moving from the south to the north. Some of these viruses were found for the first time in Tunisia.     

Identification and incidence of virus diseases of Capsicum annuum in the Lusaka Province of Zambia

Commercial capsicum fields in Lusaka Province were surveyed for the presence of viruses during 1996-01/06. The survey demonstrated the occurrence of five viruses in 13 fields. Virus identification was based on field disease syndrome, host range studies, DAS-ELISA and electron microscopy. The identified viruses were alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), potato Y potyvirus (PVY), tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV), cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) and pepper mild mottle tobamovirus (PMMV). The most prevalent and widespread virus, recovered from 70% of the surveyed fields, was AMV, and this was followed by PVY and TMV, which were detected in 50% and 40% of the fields respectively. CMV and PMMV were less common and occurred in 30% of fields. The study also showed that PVY could infect capsicum plants alone or in combination with CMV or TMV. The average plant infections caused by AMV was 80–100% and by TMV and PVY 50% and 60% respectively. The disease incidence in the case of CMV was 15–60% and for PMMV 30–40%. This is a first report on the identification of viruses that infect capsicum in Zambia.     

从葎草中检出复合侵染的多种病毒

采用抗原直接包被酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对采自重庆近郊的34个葎草样品进行了主要病毒种类的检测。其中马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y, PVY)的侵染最普遍,其阳性检出率达44.12%;马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X, PVX)的阳性检出率最低,仅为26.47%,其余5种病毒,烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)、番茄花叶病毒(Tomato mosaic virus, ToMV)、芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus, TuMV)及蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus 2, BBWV-2)的阳性检出率均为35.29%。葎草样品受多种病毒的复合侵染现象非常严重,15个阳性样品中病毒复合侵染率为80%,其中75%的样品检测到7种病毒复合侵染。     

利用siRNA高通量测序技术检测烟草病毒

<正>烟草是我国的主要经济作物之一,病毒病是烟草生产上的重要病害。常见的烟草病毒主要有马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、烟草脉带花叶病毒(Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus,TVMBV)等[1]。此外,近年来在烟草上还发生一些新的病毒病害,如南美红辣椒脉斑驳病毒(Chilli veinal mottle virus,ChiVMV)[2]、番茄环纹斑点病毒(Tomato zonate spot virus,ZTSV)[3]和番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)[4]。这些病毒     

Occurrence of viruses in field-grown pepper crops and some of their reservoir weed hosts in Samsun, Turkey

Pepper production is affected by several viral diseases in Samsun, Turkey. To determine the identity of these viruses, a total of 313 samples from field-grown peppers were collected during surveys in 1998 and 1999, and tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Six viruses,Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV),Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),Potato virus Y (PVY),Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV),Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) andTomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were detected in the samples. Of 313 plants tested, 42 were doubly infected, and TMV+PVY (15.4%) was the most common double infection. This is also the first report of AMV in pepper fields in Turkey. The effect of some weed species that may act as reservoir of these viruses was also investigated in the region and of 24 weed species belonging to 15 families tested, 16 were found to be infected with at least one virus.Amaranthus retroflexus (Redroot pigweed) appeared to be a common host of CMV, PVY, ToMV, TMV and TSWV, whereasHibiscus trionum (Venice mallow) was recorded as a new weed host of PVY and TSWV. The majority of weed species found to be virus infected were very common in the pepper growing areas of the region. This indicates that pepper fields contaminated with these weeds are under risk of viral infections. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2005.