产业的荣誉 一辈子的情

畜牧业是伴随人类生存发展的最古老的行业,它至今在中国大地散发魅人的青春活力,引来无数英雄竞折腰.畜牧业的高度发展是人类走向现代文明的重要标志之一,所有发达国家的畜牧业(或水产业)在农业中所占的比重都在60%以上,通过几代人的不懈努力,我国传统的畜牧业开始走向现代化的光辉历程.四川省的畜牧业也顶起了农业的半边天.     

千年的风雨永远的情

没有一个行业像农业这样亘古有之,农业是人类生存权的基本保障。我国是世界文明古国,也是世界上畜牧业起源最早的国家之一,传说伏羲氏“结网罟以教佃渔,养牺牲以供庖厨。”据考古文物判断:公元前七千年以前,我国农民已饲养家猪;公元前六千年已养家鸡。据甲骨文考证,在商朝(约公     

我的童年我的蜂

<正>岁月带走了我的童年,却留给了我沉淀的怀念:如一首歌,百听不厌;如一本书,拥有无限的诗篇。常常想起那时的日子,拥有蜂的那些日子。和它们相伴,成了我特有的状态,它们构成了我烂漫多彩的童年。忆蜂父亲是养蜂的,在懵懂记忆中,已经有很多的蜂箱出现在我的视线里。它们一排排地放在没有围墙的院落里,或依靠着树木,或独立端坐,或相互支撑。总之,没有太多规律,甚至猛看上去,似乎有些无序的纷乱。但也正是这样的"乱",才更让人感到自然,感觉到蜜蜂飞动的时候,家园的那种说不出的美妙。     

可以借用的外国人的生意经

(一)煽情夺人 美国一家玩具工厂通过市场调查,注意到这样一种现象:西方国家普遍出现人口负增长,一些人很想表达母爱但又对生育婴儿望而生畏;人口老龄化,不少老人的生活寂寞无聊.为此,工厂开发出一种名叫椰莱娃娃的玩偶.它构思奇特,进行了人格化设计.娃娃屁股上有接生人员的印章,还附着一张"出生证",登记了娃娃的姓名、手印和脚印,购买时需办理"领养手续".这种碎布做成的椰莱娃娃由于满足了人们的心理需要和情感寄托,深受儿童和成年人的喜爱.这家工厂的高明之处体现在能从消费者的心理需要出发,推出的产品富有浓厚的人情味,终于形成了极大的市场.     

肌肉脂肪含量相关的的候选基因遗传变异的研究

随着人们生活水平的提高,人们不再单纯要求瘦肉含量而越来越看重肉的品质.肌内脂肪(Intramuscular fat,IMF)的含量影响着肉质的嫩度、风味和多汁性.Patrici等(1985)等对丹麦商品猪的肉质研究发现,肉的风味多汁性随肌内脂肪含量的增加而持续改善,提高肌内脂肪的含量会增加肉质的嫩度和多汁性.     

天然的≠安全的

许多饲料或饲料添加剂产品在宣传资料中把产品的天然属性混同于安全属性,迎合广大消费者对饲料安全的需要。那么,是否可以认为天然产品必然是安全的,或者比人工合成产品更安全呢?事实上,饲料产品的天然属性和安全属性并不存在必然逻辑关系。微生态制剂——除了少数微生态制剂产     

关于建筑工程的建筑面积的探讨

介绍了建筑面积的概念和作用,并对计算工程建筑面积的新《规范》与旧规则进行了比较。     

谷氨酰胺的代谢及其调控的研究进展

近年来,谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Gln)因其多种独特和复杂的生理功能而逐渐成为营养学、生理学、营养免疫学等学科的研究热点。试验证实,Gln是动物血液和母畜乳汁中含量最为丰富的一种中性多功能氨基酸,在促进受损肠道修复及维持正常的局部免疫功能中发挥着重要的作用,在生产实践中已得到广泛应用。文章主要对Gln的代谢及其调控的研究进展作一综述。     

瘦肉精的危害、检测及监管的存在的问题

＂瘦肉精＂是一类药物的统称,包括肾上腺类、β激动剂、β-兴奋剂（β-agonist）,任何能够促进瘦肉生长、抑制肥肉生长的物质都可以叫做＂瘦肉精＂。在中国,通常所说的＂瘦肉精＂的主要成分为克伦特罗（Clenbuterol）,当他们以超过治疗剂量5～10倍的用量用于家畜饲养时,即有显著的营养＂再分配效应＂,以促进动物体蛋白质沉积、促进脂肪分解抑制脂肪沉积,能显著提高胴体的瘦肉率,增重和提高饲料转化率,因此曾被用作牛、羊、禽、猪等畜禽的促生长剂、饲料添加剂。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.