青海地区绵羊羔小隐孢子虫病的血清学调查

寄生于羊的隐孢子虫主要对羔羊致病,轻者消瘦、阻碍生长,重者引发腹泻,甚至死亡,造成严重的经济损失.寄生于绵羊和山羊的隐孢子虫中,微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum)、人隐孢子虫(C. hominis)、猪隐孢子虫(C. suis)和隐孢子虫鹿基因型(Cervinegenotype)为人兽共患虫种和基因型[1].     

禽隐孢子虫病的诊断与防治

<正>隐孢子虫病是家禽、鸟类最常见的寄生虫病之一,隐孢子虫的宿主多达30余种,目前,隐孢子虫种已达20余种,寄生于禽类的隐孢子虫有3个虫种,即火鸡隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidiummeleagridis)、贝氏隐孢子虫(C.baileyi)和鸡隐孢子虫(C.galli)。我国发现的禽隐孢子虫有2种包括贝氏隐孢子虫(C.baileyi)和火鸡隐孢子虫,主要引起呼吸系统、消化系统疾病,导致产蛋率下降或鸡只死亡,当与其他传染病,免疫抑制性共同感染时,会造成更为严重的经济损失。     

一例禽隐孢子虫病的诊治

正禽隐孢子虫病是由隐孢子虫科隐孢子虫属的贝氏隐孢子虫、火鸡隐孢子虫寄生于家禽的呼吸系统、消化道、法氏囊和泄殖腔内所引起的一种原虫病。隐孢子虫病呈全球性分布,能使鸡、鸭、鹅等多种家禽致病,是仪次于球虫病的高发性原虫病。近年来,由于禽场的饲养管理水平不断提高,典型的禽隐孢子虫病病例在规模化禽场已很少     

某奶牛场隐孢子虫及其他寄生虫感染情况调查

<正>奶牛常见寄生虫病种类较多,严重影响奶牛生产性能,有的甚至危及奶牛的生命。隐孢子虫是寄生于奶牛体内的一种常见寄生虫~([1])。1985年首次发现了犊牛感染隐孢子虫。隐孢子虫病是由隐孢子虫科隐孢子虫属的多种隐孢子虫寄生于肠黏膜上皮细胞和胃黏膜细胞内引起的一种原虫病,其病原隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)可广泛寄生于人类、禽类、哺乳类和两栖类等240多种动物~([2])。本病多发生于犊牛,以严重腹泻为特征。     

河南省规模化鸡场隐孢子虫感染情况调查

隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium）是一种引起人兽共患病的机会性原虫,能感染包括人在内的240多种动物,引起动物机体不同程度的消化道和呼吸道症状。目前已鉴定出16个有效种,40多个基因型。感染禽类的隐孢子虫主要有3个种：贝氏隐孢子虫（C.baileyi）、火鸡隐孢子虫（C．meleagridis）和鸡隐孢子虫（C．galli）。其中C．baileyi为感染鸡的优势虫种,主要寄生在鸡的喉头、气管、法氏囊、泄殖腔等部位;C．meleagridis主要寄生于小肠,属于人兽共患病原;     

基于18S rRNA和HSP70基因序列的隐孢子虫种系发育分析

为阐明河南区域隐孢子虫分子流行病学特点,用PCR技术扩增分离虫株的18S rRNA基因全序列和HSP70基因序列,并对扩增片段进行测序。用PAUP 4.0和TREEPUZZLE 4.1构建进化树,试图从分子水平证明河南省不同地区不同宿主来源隐孢子虫的遗传特征,以阐明隐孢子虫病的分子流行病学特点。通过18S rRNA基因全序列和HSP70基因序列分析,其结果：河南人源隐孢子虫分离株为Cryptosporidium parvum鼠基因型;河南鹿源隐孢子虫分离株为C. parvum鹿基因型;河南猪源隐孢子虫的2个分离株均为C. parvum猪基因I型,即C. suis;河南鹌鹑源的隐孢子虫2个分离株分别为C. baileyi和C. meleagridis;河南乌鸡源隐孢子虫和鸵鸟源隐孢子虫分离株均为C. baileyi;河南牛源隐孢子虫分离株为C.andersoni。     

禽类隐孢子虫病的研究进展

隐孢子虫是个体较小的球虫类寄生虫,对人和其它多种脊椎动物都有严重的致病性.禽类隐孢子虫最早由Tyzzer于1929年报道,但当时并没有命名,因为该虫和寄生于鼠的C.muris相同.1955年,Slavin报道了一种寄生于火鸡体内的形态相似的寄生虫并命名为C.meleagridis.Current等于1986年在鸡体内分离到一种寄生虫,命名为C.baileyi.许多研究证明C.baileyi和C.meleagridis是2个单独虫种.不过,最近研究表明C.meleagridis与寄生于100多种哺乳动物的C.parvum接近.目前隐孢子虫的分类主要是根据卵囊形态、SSUrRNA序列相似性、宿主特异性和寄生部位.C.baileyi和C.meleagridis从卵囊形态上可以明显地区分开,而C.meleagridis和C.Parvum却很难分开.     

水源中隐孢子虫种类和基因型鉴定技术研究进展

目前，隐孢子虫有效种有20个。隐孢子虫的分子流行病学研究表明，隐孢子虫具有宿主特异性。目前，感染人的隐孢子虫种和基因型有C．horninis、C.parvum、C．meleagridis、C.felis、C.canis、C.nuris、C．suis genotype和C．cervine genotype等。水源性隐孢子虫暴发，具有重要的公共卫生意义。分子鉴定技术已广泛应用于检测水中隐孢子虫，水中检测到的隐孢子虫有9个。通过分析其分子组成特性表明，成年牛可能是水污染的主要根源，除了居民用水和农业污染外，鹿、麝鼠、田鼠、鸟和其它野生动物可能也与水污染有关。隐孢子虫分子基因型鉴定工具可能为水源保护性研究提供一个更有力的溯源追踪工具。     

广西2月龄内犊奶牛隐孢子虫感染情况调查

<正>自Tyzzer(1907)首次发现小鼠隐孢子虫(C.muris)以来,国内外学者对隐孢子虫病进行了大量研究,已在人、哺乳动物、禽类、爬行动物和鱼类等多种动物中发现15个种类的隐孢子虫感染[1-3],其中可感染牛的隐孢子虫种为安氏隐孢子虫(C.an-dersoni)、小球隐孢子虫(C.parvum)、牛隐孢子虫(C.bovis)、小鼠隐孢子虫(C.muris)、犬隐孢子虫(C.ca-     

河南省中牟地区奶牛隐孢子虫、贾第虫病感染情况调查及基因型鉴定

为了解河南省中牟地区隐孢子虫、贾第虫病感染情况,本研究采用离心沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对该地区5个奶牛养殖场共432份新鲜粪便样本进行检查。结果显示,隐孢子虫、贾第虫的感染率分别为6.7%和7.9%,且感染率均呈现随年龄增加而降低的趋势(P0.01)。同时,应用基于隐孢子虫的18Sr RNA、贾第虫的TPI基因的巢氏PCR方法对所分离的隐孢子虫和贾第虫虫株进行种类或基因型鉴定,发现三个隐孢子虫虫种,分别为C.andersoni(27个)、C.bovis C(6个)和C.parvum(1个),且前者为优势种;贾第虫发现集聚体E(26个)和集聚体A(3个)。该研究可为牛贾第虫病、牛隐孢子虫病的防治工作及其在地方公共卫生学的研究提供一定的基础数据。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.