抗蓝舌病病毒VP6和VP7蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备针对蓝舌病病毒(BTV)的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究利用血清型1型BTV(BTV1)免疫BALB/c鼠,将其脾淋巴细胞与SP2/0进行融合,并用BTV1包被ELISA板,通过间接ELISA方法筛选出3株稳定分泌抗BTV1的MAb的杂交瘤细胞株(2B10、3D4和4H8)。利用表达BTV1主要蛋白的真核表达重组质粒转染BHK-21后,对所制备的杂交瘤细胞株上清进行间接免疫荧光(IFA)以及western blot鉴定,结果显示:2B10和4H8与VP7蛋白反应,而3D4与VP6蛋白反应。同时,IFA鉴定结果进一步表明,3株MAb与24个血清型的BTV均可以发生反应。本研究制备的MAb为建立BTV免疫学检测方法和相关病毒蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础。     

抗蓝舌病病毒VP7和NS2蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为建立蓝舌病病毒(BTV)的检测方法和研究该病毒蛋白的功能,本研究利用BTV血清8型(BTV8)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫后的小鼠脾淋巴细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,制备单克隆抗体(MAb).并以BTV8作为包被抗原建立间接ELISA方法,经筛选获得了8株稳定分泌抗BTV8 MAb的杂交瘤细胞株(1B2、1F6、2B1、2D10、3B6、3D9、4D4和4D12).Western blot结果显示,MAb 1F6、2B1、2D10、3B6、3D9与BTV8 VP7蛋白反应,MAb B2、4D4、4D12与BTV8 NS2蛋白反应.间接免疫荧光结果显示,该8株MAb与24型BTV血清型呈不同的反应论系.本研究所获得的MAb为建立BTV免疫学检测方法和相关病毒蛋白的功能研究提供了实验依据.     

Epitope Mapping and Immuno-detection of VP7 Protein of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1

In this study,in order to map the key amino epitope of VP7 protein of blue tongue virus serotype 1 (BTV1),we used monoclonal antibody against VP7 protein of BTV1 to screen 7 mer phage display random peptide library. The selected phages including VP7 protein consensus sequence were amplified and purified,immunoreactivity between epitope of selected phages and monoclonal antibody against VP7 of BTV1 was analyzed by ELISA and competitive ELISA (c-ELISA).The result showed that the epitope of phages including LNWPMVR sequence could specially combine monoclonal antibody against VP7 of BTV1,and the combination could be inhibited or blocked by BTV1,it demonstrated that 7 mer phage simulated the antigenic determinant of BTV protein which could combine monoclonal antibody against VP7 of BTV1.The results suggested that the amino acides 163 to 189(LNAGARGDVQQIFQGRNDPMMLYLVWR) were the specific epitope of VP7 protein of BTV.     

蓝舌病1型病毒VP7蛋白表(拟)位定位及免疫检测分析

为研究蓝舌病1型病毒VP7蛋白关键性氨基酸表位定位,本试验应用抗蓝舌病1型病毒VP7蛋白单克隆抗体淘选噬菌体展示的7肽随机肽库,对筛选的共有序列噬菌体扩增纯化,通过ELISA、竞争性ELISA分析共有噬菌体拟位与蓝舌1型病毒VP7蛋白单克隆抗体的免疫反应性。结果表明,含有LNWPMVR基序的噬菌体拟位能够与蓝舌病1型病毒VP7蛋白单克隆抗体发生特异性结合,并且此结合能被蓝舌病1型病毒抑制或阻断,表明噬菌体7肽模拟了BTV蛋白上与蓝舌病1型病毒VP7蛋白单克隆抗体结合的抗原决定簇,提示蓝舌病病毒VP7蛋白的第163-189位氨基酸（LNAGARGDVQQIFQGRNDPMMIYLVWR）构成蓝舌病病毒VP7蛋白特异性表位。     

蓝舌病病毒重组VP7蛋白单克隆抗体制备及竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

为了建立蓝舌病(BT)的血清学诊断方法,本研究利用原核表达的蓝舌病病毒(BTV)血清型12型VP7纯化蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备2株单克隆抗体(MAb),分别命名为BTV-2D10和BTV-4H7。IFA试验表明,2株MAb均能与BTV 24个血清型发生特异性反应,而与茨城病病毒(IBAV)、中山病病毒(CV)、赤羽病病毒(AKAV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)、牛轮状病毒(BRV)、牛肠道病毒(BEV)、牛呼肠孤病毒(RV)及口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)无交叉反应,表明2株MAb均为BTV群特异性抗体。采用重组表达的VP7蛋白作为包被抗原建立的竞争ELISA方法证明,BTV-4H7 MAb对不同血清型BTV阳性血清具有良好的阻断效果,而对AKAV、IBAV、BRV和FMDV阳性血清无阻断作用。本研究建立的竞争ELISA方法与IDEXX公司的试剂盒检测包括65份已知背景血清和322份采自广西省的山羊血清样品,检测结果符合率分别达100%和98%。该竞争ELISA方法的建立为BTV抗体的监测提供了安全、快速、准确的技术手段。     

High-level prokaryotic expression of envelope exterior of membrane protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

The truncated fragment M' gene, encoding the exterior of the viral envelope protein of PEDV, was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-6p-1. The recombinant plasmid pGEX-6p-M' was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS for expression. SDS-PAGE analysis showed recombinant truncated M' protein was highly expressed by pGEX-6p-M' and the product fusion protein GST-M' reached 45% in the total bacteria proteins with the analysis of software AlphaImager2200. The preliminary purified recombinant protein was evaluated for its antigenicity and reactivity through Western blotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibody against M protein of PEDV and porcine polyclonal anti-PEDV antiserum as the primary antibody. The results indicated the recombinant truncated M' protein should be candidate as a feasible recombinant diagnostic reagent.     

Temporal appearance of structural and nonstructural bluetongue viral proteins in infected cells, as determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry

The temporal appearance of 4 viral proteins was detected in bluetongue virus (BTV)-infected Vero cells by indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to BTV structural proteins VP2 and VP7 and nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2. Bluetongue viral proteins were detected at distinct intervals after inoculation of Vero cells; VP7 was first detected 3 hours after inoculation, NS1 and NS2 at 5 hours after inoculation, whereas VP2 was not detected until 8 hours after inoculation. Patterns of fluorescence varied with the fixative used, but each MAb induced a distinct pattern of fluorescence in infected cells. Flow cytometry, which was used with each of the 4 MAb, proved to be an accurate and sensitive method of detecting BTV-infected P3 mouse myeloma cells. The temporal appearance of each viral protein in BTV-infected P3 cells was similar to that detected in BTV-infected Vero cells. Advantages of flow cytometry over conventional immunofluorescence staining to detect BTV-infected cells included: (1) enumeration of the proportion of infected cells in a population; (2) further characterization of infected cells, including estimates of their viability; and (3) computer-assisted storage and analysis of data obtained.     

水貂肠炎病毒VP2基因在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

利用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统表达水貂肠炎病毒(mink enteritis virus,MEV) VP2 基因,表达的蛋白能够形成病毒样粒子,具有反应原性,为研究MEV新型疫苗奠定基础。采用PCR方法扩增MEV VP2 基因,将PCR产物连接到pMD18-T载体,目的基因定向克隆到pFast-BacⅠ载体中,构建重组转座载体后转化DH10 Bac感受态细胞,获得重组Bacmid 质粒后转染Sf9昆虫细胞,传毒3代,对表达蛋白进行 Western blotting鉴定。结果成功克隆MEV VP2基因。Western blotting结果证实,表达蛋白能够被MEV单克隆抗体识别。在 Bac-To-Bac 杆状病毒表达系统中成功的表达了MEV VP2蛋白,目的蛋白具有较好的反应原性。     

Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity

Bluetongue (BT) virus, an orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical regions but in the last ten years, new strains of BTV (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16) have appeared in Europe leading to a devastating disease in naive sheep and bovine herds (serotype 8). BTV enters into insect cells via the viral inner core VP7 protein and in mammalian cells via the external capsid VP2 haemagglutinin, which is the major determinant of BTV serotype and neutralization. BTV replicates in mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells where it induces expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis. BTV can remain as nonreplicating entities concealed in erythrocytes for up to five months. Homologous protection against one BTV serotype involves neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses directed to the external VP2 and VP5 proteins, whereas heterologous protection is supported by T cells directed to the NS1 non structural protein and inner core proteins. Classical inactivated vaccines directed to a specific serotype generate protective immunity and may help control current epidemic situations. New recombinant vaccine strategies that allow differentiating infected from vaccinated animals and that generate cross protective immunity are urgently needed to efficiently combat this worldwide threatening disease.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒主要结构蛋白VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1串联基因的原核表达及其初步应用

为获得传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)特异性抗体检测用抗原VP2、VP1及VP2-VP1蛋白,分别设计引物扩增IBDV野毒株NN1172的VP2和VP1基因,并扩增VP2和VP1基因中抗原性和亲水性较好的重要区域,通过PCR扩增基因串联方法对截短的VP2和截短的VP1基因进行串联,首次获得VP2-VP1串联基因,并对VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1串联基因进行了原核表达和鉴定。结果成功构建了原核表达载体pET-VP2、pET-VP1和pET-VP2-VP1;诱导表达条件显示,3个重组质粒分别转入BL21菌株后经0.05 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达,分别得到分子量为69、114和63 kDa的VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1重组蛋白,且均以包涵体形式表达,3个重组蛋白分别于诱导后5、3和6 h时表达量最多。Western blot结果显示,表达的VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1蛋白与鸡抗IBDV阳性血清均具有良好的反应原性。以纯化的VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1蛋白作为包被抗原对传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、呼肠孤病毒(ReoV)、禽白血病病毒(ALV)和新城疫病毒(NDV)4种阳性血清检测均为阴性,表明所获得的纯化蛋白具有高度的特异性;对免疫了IBD灭活疫苗,IBD基因工程疫苗和IBD弱毒疫苗的商业鸡群进行抗体检测,结果均能显示疫苗免疫后机体抗体水平的变化趋势。本研究表明利用该原核表达系统所表达的3个蛋白均具有良好的免疫反应活性,为IBDV特异性抗体的检测和新型亚单位疫苗的研发奠定基础。     

轮状病毒VP7基因与LTB基因融合表达及其免疫原性

根据GenBank已发表的牛轮状病毒VP7基因核苷酸序列(DQ195152),成功克隆了牛轮状病毒野毒株CHLY VP7基因的3个主要抗原簇并在大肠杆菌中进行了高效表达,然后与LTB(大肠杆菌不耐热性肠毒素)基因融合后再一次成功表达,表达产物经镍离子螯合次氨基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)亲和层析纯化,得到了高纯度的目的蛋白。动物试验表明,该抗原蛋白可在小鼠体内诱导产生一定水平的抗体。     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody to epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus (EHDV). The assay incorporates a monoclonal antibody to EHDV serotype 2 (EHDV-2) that demonstrates specificity for the viral structural protein, VP7. The assay was evaluated with sequential sera collected from cattle experimentally infected with EHDV serotype 1 (EHDV-1) and EHDV-2, as well as the four serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV), BTV-10, BTV-11, BTV-13, and BTV-17, that currently circulate in the US. A competitive and a blocking format as well as the use of antigen produced from both EHDV-1- and EHDV-2-infected cells were evaluated. The assay was able to detect specific antibody as early as 7 days after infection and could differentiate animals experimentally infected with EHDV from those experimentally infected with BTV. The diagnostic potential of this assay was demonstrated with field-collected serum samples from cattle, deer, and buffalo.     

Characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer (EHDV) and bluetongue virus by immunisation of mice with EHDV recombinant VP7 antigen.

Immunisation of mice with recombinant VP7 antigen of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer (EHDV) induced serum antibody responses to EHDV. However, from the 19 monoclonal antibodies (Mab) produced from these mice, 15 were specific for EHDV and four for bluetongue virus (BTV). No Mabs were identified with the specificity for an epitope of VP7 shared by both EHDV and BTV in spite of the fact that they share a large portion of homology in VP7 amino acids composition. These Mabs were divided into five groups based on their specificity and interaction with each other. Group II Mabs, consisting of 13 Mabs, recognises a potential serogroup specific, linear epitope of EHDV VP7 antigen. One of the Mabs to BTV (Group V) was identified as BTV VP7 specific with the possibility of being the serogroup specific and recognizes a potential conformational epitope. Two Mabs from these VP7 specific groups were further analysed and found to be useful in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C - ELISA) for detection of specific antibodies against EHDV and BTV in bovine sera.     

Competitive ELISA for serodiagnosis of bluetongue: evaluation of group-specific monoclonal antibodies and expressed VP7 antigen.

The performance of 2 competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (C-ELISA) was compared with the reference C-ELISA I for the detection of antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV). One of the assays (C-ELISA II) used a group-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) to BTV, obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (8A3B-6) and tissue culture (TC)-derived BTV antigen (Ag), and the other assay (C-ELISA III) used BTV core protein VP7 (expressed in yeast) and the reference MAb (Pirbright Laboratory, 3-17-A3). Test sera were obtained by sequential blood samples from 22 calves, each inoculated with a different serotype (T) of BTV (South African [SA] T-1-T-16 and T-18-T-20 and USA T-11, T-13, and T-17). Sera were also obtained from 4 calves and 4 sheep inoculated with USA BTV T-10 and from several groups of calves exposed to single or multiple doses of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) T-1-T-4 grown in TC (BHK-21) or suckling mouse brain (SMB). A total of 618 bovine and ovine field sera collected from BT-free and BT-endemic areas were also tested. The C-ELISA III was more sensitive than the C-ELISA II in the detection of anti-BTV antibody in sera from cattle and sheep early after infection with BTV. Seroconversion was demonstrated by the 3 C-ELISAs in all animals inoculated with BTV by 20 days postinfection (DPI), except in calves that received SA T-3 or USA T-13, which became positive at 40 DPI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

IgE responses to bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 11 after immunization with inactivated BTV and challenge infection

To test the hypothesis that development of a BTV-specific IgE response plays a role in clinical disease manifestation, the humoral immune response of cattle to inactivated and virulent BTV was studied. Three calves received three sensitizing immunizations of inactivated BTV, 3 weeks apart. The BTV-sensitized animals, two non-sensitized BTV-seropositive and 4 BTV-seronegative control cattle. were challenge-exposed with BTV-11, UC8 strain. All cattle inoculated with inactivated BTV developed group-specific non-neutralizing and serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies. The development of post-challenge-exposure neutralizing antibody titers was inversely correlated with protective immunity. None of the BTV-challenged animals showed clinical disease. The levels of IgE were greatest in the sensitized calves after virus challenge in comparison with control groups. The sequential development, specificity and intensity of virus protein-specific humoral responses were evaluated using immunostaining. After challenge exposure of BTV-sensitized and non-sensitized cattle, total and IgE antibodies reacted consistently within BTV structural proteins VP2, VP5 and VP7. Although no correlation was found between clinical disease and IgE, results add support to the hypothesis that IgE may be involved in the pathogenesis of clinical disease, since infection with BTV causes an increase in serum IgE levels. However, these results suggest that the levels of virus-specific reactivity may be an important factor in determining whether or not clinical disease manifestation occurs.     

Molecular cloning, expression and first antigenic characterization of human astrovirus VP26 structural protein and a C-terminal deleted form

The open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of human astrovirus (HAstV) encodes the structural VP26 protein that seems to be the main antigenic viral protein. However, its functional role remains unclear. Bioinformatic predictions revealed that VP29 and VP26 proteins could be involved in virus-cell interaction. In this study, we describe for the first time the cloning and expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) of a recombinant VP26 (rVP26) protein and a VP26 C-terminal truncated form (VP26 Delta C), followed by purification by NTA-Ni(2+) agarose affinity chromatography. Protein expression and purification were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot (WB). Then, the purified proteins were evaluated for antigenic properties in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a polyclonal antibody (PAb) and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nMAb) named PL2, both of them directed to HAstV. The results presented herein indicate that the C-terminal end of the VP26 protein is essential to maintain the neutralizing epitope recognized by nMAb PL2 and that the N-terminus of VP26 protein may contain antigenic lineal-epitopes recognized by PAb. Thus, these recombinant proteins can be ideal tools for further antigenic, biochemical, structural and functional VP26 protein characterization, in order to evaluate its potential role in immunodiagnosis and vaccine studies.     

Diagnostic methods for African horsesickness virus using monoclonal antibodies to structural and non-structural proteins.

A panel of 32 hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with African horsesickness virus serotype 4 (AHSV-4) has been developed. Four of the MAbs recognized the major core antigen VP7, twenty recognized the outer capsid protein VP2 and eight reacted with the non-structural protein NS1. With the VP7-specific MAbs a rapid and sensitive double antibody sandwich immunoassay has been developed to detect viral antigen in infected Vero cells and in spleen tissue from AHSV-infected horses. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 ng viral antigen per 100 microliters. The NS1-specific MAbs allowed visualization by immunofluorescence of tubule-like structures in the cytoplasm of infected Vero cells. This can be very useful as a confirmatory diagnostic procedure. The antigenic map of the outer capsid VP2 protein with MAbs is also reported.     

蓝舌病病毒衣壳蛋白VP2、VP5、VP7酵母双杂交诱饵质粒的构建及鉴定

蓝舌病病毒(bluetongue virus,BTV)的结构主要由3层衣壳蛋白组成,其中VP2、VP5蛋白构成了BTV的外层衣壳,VP7蛋白构成了BTV的中间衣壳,最内层衣壳则由VP3蛋白构成。VP2、VP5及VP7蛋白在BTV侵染宿主细胞的过程中起着非常重要的作用。为了研究BTV与宿主细胞相互作用的分子机制,本研究将BTV的VP 2、VP 5、VP 7基因分别克隆到pGBKT7载体中,成功构建了pGBKT7-VP2、pGBKT7-VP5与pGBKT7-VP73个诱饵质粒,且通过自激活和毒性验证,证明所构建的3个质粒均无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性作用。本研究为今后利用酵母双杂交筛选VP2、VP5、VP7蛋白中与宿主细胞相互作用的蛋白做好了铺垫,为深入研究BTV与宿主细胞的相互作用奠定了基础。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒VP2蛋白单克隆抗体的研制及其识别抗原表位的鉴定

拟制备针对鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV) VP2蛋白的单克隆抗体(mAb),为CIAV的诊断和病毒生物学特性研究提供有用制剂.以PCR技术扩增CIAV VP2基因并克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a中,经IPTG诱导表达.以原核表达的融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术研制并筛选分泌抗CIAV VP2蛋白mAb的阳...     

Construction and Identification of Yeast Two-hybrid Bait Plasmids of Capsid Proteins VP2, VP5 and VP7 of Bluetongue Virus

The structure of bluetongue virus(BTV) was consisted of three layers of capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5 proteins consisted the outer capsid of BTV, VP7 protein consisted the middle capsid of BTV, VP3 consisted the inner capsid of BTV.When BTV infected host cells, VP2, VP5 and VP7 proteins of BTV played important roles in the process of infecting host cells.In order to study the molecular mechanism of interaction between BTV and host cells, we cloned VP 2, VP 5 and VP 7 genes into pGBKT7 vector, three recombinant bait plasmids pGBKT7-VP2, pGBKT7-VP5 and pGBKT7-VP7 were successfully constructed, and then the self-activation and toxicity of the bait plasmids were tested.The results showed that three bait plasmids all had no self-activation and toxicity to yeast cells.This research made a steppingstone for the screening of host-cell protein interacting with VP2, VP5 and VP7 proteins using yeast two-hybrid system, and laid a foundation for investigating the interaction between BTV and its host cells.