海甘蓝新品系的选育

以高产为目标，结合芥酸和硫甙追踪分析，连续3年通过单株选育和夏繁加代，初步选育出N01和B07两个新品系。N01品系的硫甙含量保持在53μmol／g以下，比对照下降了15～35μmol／g。B07品系的芥酸含量大于62％，比对照高6％～8％。N01和B07新品系的丰产性和抗逆性均优于原始群体。     

甘蓝型杂交油菜新品种丰油701的选育

细胞质雄性不育甘蓝型杂交油菜新品种丰油701,其组合为湘5A×048R,湘5A属Pol CMS系统.长江中游区油菜区试结果,丰油701平均产量2 506.2kg/hm2,比对照增产16.1%.芥酸含量0.25%,硫甙含量 33.66μmol/g,含油量43.12%.     

油菜多聚不饱和脂肪酸育种研究进展

自菜油中的芥酸和饼粕中的硫甙通过育种途径成功地得到改良(芥酸含量从45％左右降到1％以下;硫甙含量从每克脱脂饼粕含200μmol左右降到30μmol)以来,油菜品质改良的重点已转移到多聚不饱和脂肪酸(也称多烯酸)育种上,即高亚油酸(>30％)、低亚麻酸(<3％)育种。 在低芥酸油中,目前亚油酸(18:2)含量偏低(约占总脂肪酸含量的20％),而亚麻     

高含油量双低甘蓝型油菜新品种浙双72

选用高产品种宁油七号为母本，双低品种马努为父本，杂交育成高产、高含油量、油用和菜用双低油菜新品种浙双72。浙江省油菜区试平均产量2059.4kg/hm^2，比对照九二58系和浙优油2号增产12％以上。原种芥酸含量0.67%，硫甙含量22.73μmol/g，含油量43.52%。     

双低油菜新品种

Cascade Cascade是由4个亲本(Indore、Sipal、ww827和Liraglu)复合杂交,于F_6中选育出来的甘蓝型冬性双低油菜新品种。其成熟种子的含油量≥42％,芥酸含量为2％,脱脂饼粕中的硫甙含量为9.7—23.4μmol/g     

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15的选育

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15系采用品种（系）间的双方方法育成，种子含油量42.43%，芥酸含量0.38%，硫甙含量19.01μmol/g。上海市油菜区域试验平均产量2147.3kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产31．3％，上海市油菜生产试验平均产量2700.0kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产12.6%。沪油15适于我国长江下游冬油菜区种植。     

国审油菜新品种秦优10号特征特性及栽培技术

秦优10号系陕西省咸阳市农科所采用细胞质雄性不育三系法选育而成的甘蓝型油菜三系杂交种.具有产量高、品质优良、含油量高、抗性强等突出特点.经试验单产分别为2654.97～3058.5kg/hm2.较对照秦优7号增产6.07%～6.95%,较皖油14号增产13.47%.产油量1120.95～1137.9kg/hm2,较秦优7号和皖油14号分别增产8.48%和17.26%.经在江苏示范最高单产5722.5kg/hm2,在安徽省示范最高单产3804kg/hm2,品质优良,芥酸含量0.1%～0.27%,硫甙含量27.97～29.06μmol/g,含油量42.52%～42.8%,2004年和2006年分别通过陕西省和长江下游的国家农作物品种审定.     

甘蓝型油菜双低杂交种云油杂2号的选育

云油杂2号是利用甘蓝型隐性核不育两用系99F121AB与恢复系99F1549C杂交筛选出的优势组合,表 现杂交优势强,植株繁茂,根系发达,早熟,适应性广,高产稳产,芥酸含量0. 16% ,硫甙含量22. 86μmol/g,含油量 45. 53% ,恢复株率95%以上。2003—2004年云南省秋播油菜区试中平均产量3 570. 9kg/hm2 ,比对照品种花油3 号增产29. 13%。最高单产达到5 944. 5kg/hm2。     

双低抗(耐)病杂交油菜新品种华油2790的选育

华油2790是利用陕2A不育系等材料,经测交、诱变、杂交和回交等方法选育的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种,具有品质优、抗(耐)病性强、产量高、稳产性好、适应性广等特征.河南省区试平均产量2 853.8kg/hm2,比第一对照豫油2号增产19.4%,比第二对照秦油2号增产8.7%;全国(黄淮区)油菜区试平均产量2 677.5kg/hm2,比对照秦油2号增产5.76%.种子芥酸含量0.10%,商品籽饼粕硫甙含量19.67μmol/g.     

双低油菜杂交种金油杂2009（SY05-1）的选育

金油杂2009（SY05—1）是陕西省三原县种子管理站用不育系5038A和恢复系2088C育成．是我站提出的以芥酸含量小于1％，硫甙含量小于30μmol/g饼，含油量大于4.4％．产量比对照增产5％以上．抗菌核病和病毒病，抗倒。中早熟，适宜陕西、黄淮区及长江流域的部分地区种植作为育种目标进行选育的双低油菜杂交种．于2005年育成。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。     

Use of mechanics of cohesive granular media for analysis of hardness and vitreousness of wheat endosperm

The characterisation of the wheat endosperm by mechanical tests of compression highlighted a relation between the rupture energy and the elasticity modulus for different varieties of wheat; this relation allows us to distinguish mealy and vitreous endosperms. An approach based on the micromechanics of cohesive granular materials is used to analyse these experimental results. A geometrical model of the wheat endosperm made of grains linked by cohesive bonds is proposed. We introduced two parameters, the first one α represents the percentage of active bonds (bonds where the stiffness and strength are non-zero), and the second one β represents the threshold of the bond's rupture. The parameter β can be related to the cross-section of the bond. This model successfully describes the mechanical tests on the wheat endosperm. The comparison with the experimental tests makes it possible to clearly differentiate vitreous wheats and mealy wheats and then attribute this property to the parameter β. The model shows the same tendency as regards the evolution of the rupture energy and the elastic modulus with the parameter α. The modelling of endosperm by the mechanics of cohesive granular media provides a new theoretical framework to interpret the rheology of endosperm. This approach allows us to connect this rheology to the mechanical actions at the scale of the granules.