不同种微粒子感染家蚕后血液蛋白变化比较研究

本文报道了家蚕受不同种微粒子感染引起血液蛋白质组成发生变化,并对此做了比较研究。以蒸馏水做对照,添食微粒子正常种Nosema bombcis)(N.b)和变种MG_1,且在添食后一定时间间隔内取血,以几条蚕血液混合做为平均值,用SDS-PAGE检测其蛋白质变化,添食MG_1孢子与对照、N.b相比,家蚕血液中出现两条分子量较大的不同蛋白带,确定为脂酶同功酶蛋白A-1,A-2。用分光光度计检测480nm处的吸收值,添食后不同日数内,脂酶同功酶蛋白活力是不规则曲线,有两个活力高峰。     

不同株鸡新城疫病毒结构蛋白的比较研究

对鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)B1株、La Sota株、Mukteswar株和长春强毒野毒株(C87E7)感染的鸡胚尿囊液分别进行浓缩和提纯,并作SDS-PAGE和Western印迹,进行结构蛋白及其抗原性的分析。结果,4株NDV的电泳图谱显示11-12条结构蛋白带,分子量从43000到120000不等。其中各株均有3条主要蛋白带,8～9条次要蛋白带。不同株NDV的次要蛋白带有明显的区别。Schiff氏试剂染色证明,分子量为76000、52000和50000的蛋白为糖蛋白。结构蛋白的抗原性分析表明,4株NDV蛋白带中有2条具有共同抗原性,其他蛋白带的抗原性则有差异或明显不同。     

绵羊肉孢子虫可溶性蛋白抗原的特异性初探

应用十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE)分析绵羊肉孢子虫囊壁和不同种肉孢子虫滋养体蛋白带,结果表明:肌肉中消化分离出的羊犬肉孢子虫滋养体和从食道壁上挑出的巨肉孢子虫滋养体均出现三条电泳蛋白带;巨肉孢子虫全虫体可溶性蛋白出现五条蛋白带;巨肉孢子虫囊壁可溶性蛋白出现两条电泳蛋白带;微小住肉孢子虫滋养体可溶性蛋白出现一条电泳蛋白带。用不同种的滋养体可溶性蛋白抗原和巨肉孢子虫囊壁抗原做IHA试验表明:用羊犬肉孢子虫和巨肉孢子虫滋养体可溶性蛋     

应用蛋白质电泳技术对新疆蚕品种资源遗传距离的研究

本文采用SDS-PAGE垂直电泳技术，对10份新疆家蚕品种种质资源的蛋白质条带特征，电泳图谱进行了研究，并构建了这10个蚕品种的UPGMA系统树。结果表明：参试品种均有8-11条蛋白质带，并有29条不同的RF值蛋白带，蛋白质谱较为相似，相似系数在0．65-1．00之间。10个家蚕品种聚为一类，亲缘关系较近，但品种间有差距。     

败血病菌感染家蚕马氏管组织碱性磷酸酶的病理学研究

家蚕细菌病一直是蚕业生产中常见的病害，不分时间季节都有零星的发病病例。细菌性败血病通过创伤等方式直接入侵家蚕的血淋巴，在其中大量繁殖，并随着血液循环到全身引起全身疾病。上世纪70年代末以来，生产上常用氯霉素添食来防治蚕的细菌病。氯霉素对黑胸败血病、青头败血病有显著的治疗效果。     

家蚕蛹到蛾期蛋白SDS—PAGE电泳观察

蛹到蛾期蛋白SDS-PAGE电泳约有17条左右的蛋白带,蛋白组分有一定变化。主要观察到:1)分子量约为220kD的蛋白带在化蛹第2天出现,并随着蛹期发育至羽化,其浓度不断的增加。2)分子量约为70kD的蛋白带,化蛹第1天是一条带,第2天至羽化其蛋白组分有变化。3)分子量约为29kD的蛋白带随着蛹期发育到羽化,浓度逐渐减弱。     

野桑蚕血液特异蛋白与茧质性状的相关研究

利用野桑蚕血液的特异蛋白为标记基因，分析比较了２个家蚕与野桑蚕杂交的Ｆ２代群体内，特异蛋白带３类基因子群体的茧质性状的平均数。初步得出：野桑蚕血液特异蛋白带与全茧量，茧层量有关而与茧层率无关。     

用SDS—PAGE分析鸡毒霉形体广西分离株的结构蛋白

应用SDS－PAGE对鸡毒霉形体（Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)4个标准株和5个广西分离株的结构蛋白进行了比较分析。结果，在凝胶电泳图谱中10－100ku蛋白分子质量之间，F株缺少87ku蛋白带，Y3株在最靠近87ku蛋白带的上方和下方各缺少1条蛋白带，H2株和Y2株缺少64ku蛋白带，CH株缺少29ku蛋白带，97、75、43ku处的蛋白带为4个MG标准株和5个MG分离株所共有。表明9个MG供试菌株的结构蛋白都存在一定的差异，广西MG分离株的结构蛋白呈现多样性。     

克菌星对家蚕细菌性败血病的防治研究

克菌星是一种新筛选的对家蚕灵菌败血病、青头败血病和黑胸败血病都有明显治疗作用的抗菌素。研究表明,克菌星比氯霉素具有更好的抑菌杀菌作用,对青头败血病和灵菌败血病的治疗效果明显优于氯霉素。病菌感染后经过的时间越短,治疗效果就越好。克菌星一般食下后10分钟进入血液,30~60分钟保持较高浓度,960分钟后在血液中消失。经常添食克菌星对蚕的生长发育无不良影响,对中肠型脓病、浓核病也有一定的抑制作用。     

家蚕5龄第3天血液蛋白的双向电泳及质谱分析

基于为家蚕血液比较蛋白质组学的研究提供基础信息的目的,利用双向电泳技术对家蚕5龄幼虫的血液蛋白进行分析,并采用基质辅助质量飞行时间质谱(MALD I-TOF MS)对其中一些表达量较高的蛋白进行了肽质量指纹图谱分析鉴定。120μg血液蛋白经过双向凝胶电泳及考马斯亮蓝染色后可以检测出106个蛋白点,60μg血液蛋白经双向电泳及银染后可以检测出126个蛋白点,这些蛋白点主要集中在分子质量15~80 kD区域,等电点4~7。MALD I-TOF MS鉴定的52个蛋白点中都有较强的肽质量指纹信号峰,其中成功鉴定了46个蛋白点。在这些蛋白中,不仅包含了SP贮存蛋白和30 K低分子量脂蛋白等家蚕血液蛋白的主要成分,还包含了大量与代谢相关的蛋白酶类、蛋白酶抑制剂、离子转运蛋白、免疫相关因子、分子伴侣等不同种类的蛋白。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.