苦荞麦不同部位营养成分测定及对比分析

试验旨在对蓼科苦荞麦叶和茎部位的营养成分含量进行测定,与豆科紫花苜蓿、禾本科黑麦草和菊科串叶松香进行对比分析。结果显示：苦荞麦叶的粗蛋白、钙和全株氨基酸含量高达30%以上。通过聚类分析,与其他牧草相比,苦荞麦叶和茎粗脂肪、钙、磷和胱氨酸含量差异不明显;水分、粗纤维、粗灰分、粗蛋白、无氮浸出物和其他氨基酸差异显著较明显。研究表明,苦荞麦的营养较全且含量较高,是一种优质饲料原料。     

牧草种子特性研究Ⅲ——牧草种子的营养成分状况

本文对7科28属84份牧草饲料作物种子的营养成分进行了分析。并对11种牧草种子营养成分的年度变化进行了测定。各科营养成分含量各不相同，豆科，粗蛋白质含量居首位；十字花科粗脂肪、粗纤维素含量均居首位；蓼科、禾本科无氮浸出物含量明显高于其它科，有些牧草种子的营养成分，如粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维素随着保存年限的增加而增加。     

种草养畜七要点

1按用途分类种植牧草的种类很多,分禾本科牧草、豆科牧草、菊科牧草、蓼科牧草、苋科牧草等,用途很广,可以喂牛、羊、兔、鸡、鸭、鹅等。种草应根据饲养的畜禽品种而定,做到以养定种,以种促养。牛、羊喜食禾本科牧草,如墨西哥玉米、冬牧70黑麦草、苏丹草、早熟禾等,其次是豆科牧草,如紫花苜蓿、三叶草、沙达旺等。猪、禽喜食菊科多汁牧草,如串叶松香草、菊芋、菊苣、苦荬菜等,其次是豆科牧草,如紫花苜蓿、三叶草、小冠花等。兔、鹅喜食豆科牧草,如紫花苜蓿、三叶草、小冠花等,其次是禾本科牧草,如冬牧70黑麦草、苏丹草等。为了做到常年喂青,…     

贵州省常见饲用植物构成与营养成分研究

为了探索贵州省常见饲用植物种类构成和营养成分,试验采用野外调查与取样分析方法对53个科156种贵州省常见饲用植物进行研究。结果表明:禾本科植物最多,有35种,豆科植物21种,菊科植物12种,蔷薇科植物10种,蓼科植物8种,其他科植物有47科70种;多年生植物120种,一年生植物36种;草本为主92种,乔木9种,灌木46种,藤本9种;粗蛋白含量最高的是豆科植物,占干物质的18.20%,最低的是禾本科和蔷薇科植物,分别为9.16%和10.76%,差异显著(P0.05);粗灰分含量最高的是蓼科植物,为12.69%;钙含量最低的是禾本科植物,为0.93%;磷含量最高的是菊科植物,为0.49%,差异显著(P0.05);各科植物粗脂肪平均含量在2.10%~2.95%,差异不显著(P0.05)。说明禾本科和豆科是贵州省最主要的饲用植物,而以豆科植物的营养价值最高。     

新疆野生牧草营养成分的研究

近年来,世界各国更加强调牧草饲料营养价值评定的重要性。因为营养价值的评定是进行经济饲养的桥梁。只有了解牧草的营养价值才能预测家畜的生产性能,进而有效的、经济的发展草地畜牧业生产。营养成份是评定牧草饲用价值的重要指标之一。通过5年的草场资源调查,共采集新疆野生牧草达500余种。草场中的优势牧草种主要有禾本科、豆科、藜科、菊科、蓼科和沙草科等。最近几年我们配合自治区草     

黔西南岩溶区饲料灌木主要营养成分及其变量分析

为筛选适宜在黔西南岩溶区生长的优良饲料灌木以促进当地畜牧业的发展,提高农民收入,本研究对生长在黔西南州的3科19属27种饲料灌木的6种常规营养成分进行了定量与相关分析,结果表明,1)马棘和小构树均满足典型蛋白质饲料的要求;2)科别间粗灰分均值差异极显著,桑科显著高于其他2科。科别间无氮浸出物均值差异显著,豆科极显著低于蔷薇科,显著低于桑科;3)粗纤维与无氮浸出物、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗灰分均呈显著或极显著的负相关,其含量过高会影响饲料灌木的整体营养价值。     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区6种禾本科牧草营养成分分析

以内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区种植的6种禾本科牧草为研究对象,测定了牧草的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分等指标,并运用方差分析和聚类分析对牧草的营养成分进行分析。结果表明,6种禾本科牧草营养价值由高至低排列顺序为阿坝垂穗披碱草老芒麦偃麦草蒙农杂种冰草披碱草多花黑麦草;方差分析表明,6种禾本科牧草每个营养成分之间都存在一定的差异;聚类分析表明,在距离T=4.0处,将6种禾本科牧草划分为2种类型:第1类4个,即披碱草、多花黑麦草、蒙农杂种冰草和偃麦草,第2类2个,即老芒麦和阿坝垂穗披碱草。     

若尔盖县天然草原饲用植物

一、主要饲用植物及其营养成分该县野生植物资源十分丰富,种类繁多。经调查,高等植物有47科,340余属,计429种以上。其中可利用植物有35科250属300余种,适口性较好的饲用植物约20科150属200种。天然草原常见牧草以禾本科、莎草科、豆科、蓼科、菊科为主。主要牧草的营养成分见附表。一般禾本科牧     

阿拉善荒漠草地牧草氨基酸组成特点与营养价值研究

对阿拉善荒漠草地３８种优势牧草氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、含硫氨基酸、限制性氨基酸含量及必需氨基酸指数（ＥＡＡＩ）的组成特点进行了研究。结果表明,氨基酸总含量为２．４７％～２２．５０％;各科牧草氨基酸总含量顺序为：百合科＞豆科＞蒺藜科＞菊科＞禾本科＞藜科＞蔷薇科＞柽柳科＞蓼科;必需氨基酸含量为０．９７％～８．９２％,同时满足ＥＡＡ／ＮＥＡＡ＞６０％,ＥＡＡ／ＴＡＡ＞４０％ 的牧草有２３种;各科牧草必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量比值依次为：蔷薇科＞菊科＞藜科＞豆科＞蓼科＞禾本科＞百合科＞柽柳科＞蒺藜科;含硫氨基酸含量为０．２８％～１．４０％,含硫氨基酸占氨基酸总量比值从高到低依次为柽柳科、藜科、蓼科、豆科、蔷薇科、蒺藜科、禾本科、菊科、百合科;内蒙古白绒山羊限制性氨基酸总含量为０．７０％～３．２２％;３８种牧草的ＥＡＡＩ值,对羊肉为０．９１４～１．０１０,对山羊绒为０．９７６～１．２５０,对山羊毛为０．９５１～１．２１９。阿拉善荒漠草地牧草是当地白绒山羊和绵羊优良的饲料来源,对山羊毛和羊绒的产量和品质有重要的作用。     

我国西北地区牧草种子生产现状及存在问题浅析

调查了牧草种子生产现状及存在问题。结果表明：我国西北地区的栽培牧草包括豆科、禾本科、藜科、菊科、苋科、紫草科、十字花科、鸢尾科等９科３６属５３种。其中：豆科牧草１３属２１种；禾本科牧草１６属２５种；其它科牧草７属７种。该区栽培牧草总面积约为１５０万ｈｍ＾２，其中主要豆科牧草占７１％，主要禾本科牧草占１０．５％。主要豆科牧草为紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、草木樨、箭舌豌豆、红豆草、柠条和小冠花。主要禾本科牧草为     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.