光周期途径E3泛素连接酶的开花调控机制

开花是植物生长发育过程中非常重要的一个环节,光周期是影响植物开花的主要环境因素。E3泛素连接酶对光周期依赖型的开花起着重要调控作用。已发现的光周期调控开花途径中多种组分均为E3泛素连接酶的靶蛋白,它们能通过E3泛素连接酶介导实现其泛素化降解,从而影响光周期信号,调控开花。综述了E3泛素连接酶在参与调控光受体稳定性、生物钟功能以及开花调控因子CO稳定性三个方面的研究进展。     

泛素结合酶RAD6的结构与功能研究进展

泛素复合体对蛋白的修饰可以改变蛋白定位、活性和稳定性。泛素结合酶E2在其中起关键作用。RAD6是典型的泛素结合酶,在泛素复合体组装、DNA损伤修复、调控基因表达和细胞周期等生理过程中具有重要作用。本文综述了RAD6蛋白的结构、与其互作的泛素蛋白连接酶E3及其功能研究进展,并展望其在作物研究中的应用。     

小麦TaHTAS-5A基因的克隆、表达分析及亚细胞定位

非生物胁迫对小麦的生长发育具有不良影响,克隆与非生物胁迫相关的基因,并对其结构及表达特性进行分析,可以为进一步探索小麦的抗逆机制和抗逆育种奠定基础。本研究利用同源克隆技术从普通小麦品种中国春中克隆了水稻E3泛素连接酶基因OsHTAS的同源基因TaHTAS-5A(GeneBank登录号:MF967573),并利用生物信息学方法对其基因序列特征进行分析;利用qRT-PCR技术对该基因在小麦不同组织及不同逆境胁迫下的表达模式进行分析;同时,对该基因的表达产物进行了亚细胞定位。结果表明,小麦TaHTAS-5A基因含有220bp的5′UTR、1 242bp的ORF以及126bp的3′UTR,共编码413个氨基酸;基因组分析表明,该基因全长3 819bp,共包含4个外显子和3个内含子;缺体-四体定位表明该基因位于小麦5A染色体上;蛋白结构分析显示,TaHTAS-5A蛋白的N端包含四个跨膜结构域,C端包含一个E3泛素连接酶特有的RING finger保守结构域,具有植物E3泛素连接酶的结构特征;qRT-PCR结果显示,TaHTAS-5A对高温、低温和ABA都有响应,对干旱和盐响应不敏感;TaHTAS-5A在小麦的根、茎、叶和幼穗等不同组织中均有表达,但表达量有差异,在叶和穗中的表达量明显高于根部和茎部;亚细胞定位结果表明,TaHTAS-5A位于细胞膜上。本研究为进一步探究小麦TaHTAS-5A基因的功能奠定了基础,也为小麦非生物胁迫抗性改良提供了一定的理论依据。     

巴西橡胶树乳管细胞HblMYC3互作蛋白筛选与功能分析

MYC是b HLH转录因子家族的亚家族成员,在植物茉莉酸信号转导过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。Hbl MYC3是从巴西橡胶树的乳管细胞中分离鉴定到的MYC类转录因子,其基因表达受割胶和茉莉酸上调。采用酵母双杂交方法初步筛选Hbl MYC3蛋白的互作蛋白,旨在进一步了解Hbl MYC3的功能。结果表明:Hbl MYC1、Hbl MYC2、DNAJ蛋白、谷氧还蛋白2、含A20和AN1锌指结构域的胁迫相关蛋白5、28 ku热和酸稳定的磷蛋白以及25 ku泛素连接酶E2等7种蛋白不同程度地与Hbl MYC3蛋白互作。基于这些互作蛋白的功能,推测Hbl MYC1或Hbl MYC2通过与Hbl MYC3形成二聚体对小橡胶粒子膜蛋白基因表达进行调控,其他蛋白参与胁迫条件下维持二聚体的稳定性和胁迫反应后降解该二聚体。     

可可泛素结合酶基因家族的生物信息学初步分析

泛素结合酶(E2s)促进底物泛素化或者与E3s链接,是靶蛋白泛素化的关键酶,在泛素-蛋白酶体途径中起重要作用。利用可可(Theobroma cacao L.)全基因组测序数据,共鉴定出45个E2s基因家族成员,包括39个UBC和6个UEV基因。通过生物信息学方法,对可可E2s家族的基本理化性质、基因结构、二级结构预测、亚细胞定位、进化关系等方面进行初步分析。结果表明:可可E2s基因CDS长度在441(Tc UEV3)~3 651 bp(Tc UBC7)之间,对应的编码蛋白氨基酸数目在146(Tc UEV3)~1 216 aa(Tc UBC7)之间,编码蛋白分子量在16.39~134.71 ku之间。E2s基因外显子在1~11之间,多数基因外显子数目在5~7之间。E2s基因在10条染色体上均有分布,1号染色体为7个,数量最多;6号染色体2个基因,数量最少。可可E2s蛋白大多为不稳定蛋白,且均为亲水性蛋白,其二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主要构成元件。大多数可可E2s蛋白定位在细胞核,少数定位在内质网或者细胞质。进化树分析表明:可可E2s蛋白被分为20个亚家族,包括16个UBC亚家族和4个UEV亚家族,第Ⅵ亚家族E2s数目最多为9个;E2s家族蛋白在物种进化过程中具有高度保守性。     

水稻异源三聚体G蛋白生理功能的研究进展

由α、β和γ 3个亚基组成的异源三聚体G蛋白是真核生物中一类重要的信号传导分子,在生长发育中起重要的调控作用。G蛋白通过细胞表面的偶联受体感知细胞外刺激,并由G 蛋白传送信号到胞内蛋白来影响细胞行为。植物与动物G蛋白虽然具有类似的分子结构,但植物信号的传递由非典型“自我激活”机制和效应蛋白来完成并控制植物生长发育。综述了植物G蛋白的组成;重点介绍了水稻G蛋白亚基编码基因 D1、 GS3、 DEP1和qNGR9参与激素、抗病、抗逆信号传导及水稻株型控制,粒型和N元素高效吸收利用的研究进展。另外,对G蛋白的偶联信号途径组分和功能、系统生物学和应用方面进行了展望。     

三种大豆种子贮藏蛋白亚基缺失种质的筛选与鉴定

蛋白质组分改良是国内外大豆蛋白质品质育种的研究热点之一。大豆种子贮藏蛋白主要包括11S球蛋白和7Sβ-伴大豆球蛋白,它们也是大豆蛋白营养价值和功能特性的决定组分。利用我国自然突变产生的亚基缺失体材料通过聚合育种,并经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)分析鉴定表明:已获得A3+α’亚基缺失、只含有β亚基、只含有α+β亚基、只含有α’+β亚基、只含有7S亚基和A5A4B3亚基缺失、A2A1aA1b含量极低、B1aB1bB2含量极低等系列单缺、双缺、多缺的贮藏蛋白亚基组成类型新种质,其中A3+α’亚基缺失、只含有α+β亚基、只含有7S亚基3种种质均能正常生长、结实,并稳定遗传;只含7S亚基类型大豆种子贮藏蛋白的7S组分总量含量最高;A3+α’亚基缺失类型大豆种子贮藏蛋白11S组分总含量最高;在11S+7S组分总量上由高到低依次是A3+α’亚基缺失类型只含7S亚基类型只含α+β亚基类型;11S/7S比值的变异范围在0.14~1.27。三种类型种质完熟期基本在105~111 d;百粒重基本一致;A3+α’亚基缺失类型大豆单株产量最高平均为55.12 g;只含α+β亚基类型蛋脂总量最低为57.6%,蛋白质含量由高到低依次为只含7S亚基类型、A3+α’亚基缺失类型、只含α+β亚基类型,脂肪含量由高到低依次为:只含α+β亚基类型、只含7S亚基类型、A3+α’亚基缺失类型。     

大豆结瘤相关QTL优化和候选基因挖掘

氮是植物生长必须的大量元素之一,大豆根瘤菌共生可以为大豆提供充足的氮元素。研究大豆根瘤菌共生机理,挖掘控制共生结瘤候选基因具有重要意义。鉴于现阶段关于调控大豆共生结瘤QTL区间大,无法直接应用到实际中,本实验整理了68个控制大豆结瘤的QTLs,通过Overview和共线性分析对其进行优化,在Gm06染色体上得到一个高置信QTLs区间对该区间进行了基因注释得到43个基因,其中包括一个控制C2钙/脂质结合和含GRAM结构域的蛋白质,一个侧根形成蛋白和一个E3泛素连接酶相关蛋白,并在CSSLs群体中查找该位置存在插入片段的株系进行结瘤性状鉴定。结果表明C2连锁群上的15-15.5Mb对于大豆根瘤菌共生结瘤有着至关重要的作用。     

21份印度小麦高分子谷蛋白亚基、醇溶蛋白及品质分析

为挖掘优良的小麦种质资源,以引进的21份印度小麦种质为材料,利用SDS-PAGE和A-PAGE技术,分析了其高分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白组成。结果表明,在21份印度小麦材料中出现了12种HWM-GS亚基类型和14种亚基组合,其中有3种亚基类型(Null、1、2*)在Glu-A1位点,4种亚基类型(7+8,17+18,7,7+9,13+16)在Glu-B1位点,4种亚基类型(5+10,2+12,4+12,5+12)在Glu-D1位点。1、2+12优质亚基的比例相对较高,均为47.6%。小麦HWM-GS亚基组合1/7+9/2+12在所有亚基组合类型中出现频率高达19.0%。大多数材料的品质得分为7、8分,平均7.52分。共分离出32种迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,2和3号带出现频率最高,分别为95.24%和90.48%。DA 7200近红外分析仪初步分析结果表明,这21份印度小麦种质资源品质指标相对偏低。     

水稻泛素结合酶基因家族的生物信息学与表达分析

泛素/蛋白酶体系统在植物的生长发育、形态建成和抗病反应等过程中起着重要的作用。近年的研究表明,某些病原菌能够模拟寄主植物泛素/蛋白酶体系统组分,从而达到利用该系统为病原菌服务的目的。泛素结合酶是泛素化反应过程中的第二个酶,对植物泛素/蛋白酶体系统的正常运行不可或缺。已有的研究表明,水稻基因组数据库中存在48个预测的泛素结合酶基因。为了初步揭示这些泛素结合酶基因在植物抗病防御反应中的功能,研究其与植物抗病性的关系。本研究通过生物信息学、RNA-seq和qRT-PCR的方法,分析了水稻泛素结合酶基因家族的特征及其表达模式。系统进化树分析表明,48个水稻泛素结合酶基因可分为3个大组,总共7个亚组。蛋白结构域分析表明,水稻泛素结合酶基因主要由一个泛素结合酶催化结构域组成。电子表达谱分析表明,大多数水稻泛素结合酶基因能被稻瘟病菌诱导表达。启动子区顺式作用元件分析表明,4个抗病相关顺式作用元件和1个过敏性反应相关顺式作用元件在48个水稻泛素结合酶基因的启动子区有很高的分布。稻瘟病菌接种亲和性和非亲和性水稻单基因系的RNA-seq结果表明,处理36h读取到的水稻泛素结合酶基因为44个,其中高表达基因数量超过读取到的泛素结合酶基因总数的50%。qRT-PCR分析结果表明稻瘟病菌的侵染在亲和和非亲和组合中都能诱导部分水稻泛素结合酶基因的表达。在非亲和组合中水稻泛素结合酶基因的表达倾向于受到抑制。     

OsSCE1 Encoding SUMO E2-Conjugating Enzyme Involves in Drought Stress Response of Oryza sativa

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugating enzymes are involved in post-translational regulatory processes in eukaryotes, including the conjugation of SUMO peptides to protein substrate (SUMOylation). SUMOylation plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as salt, drought, heat and cold. Herein, we reported the isolation of OsSCE1 (LOC_Os10g39120) gene encoding a SUMO-conjugating enzyme from rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) and its functional validation in response to drought stress. The E2 enzyme, OsSCE1, is one of three key enzymes involved in the conjugation of SUMO to its target proteins. Activated SUMO is transferred to the cysteine of an E2 enzyme and then to the target lysine residue of the substrate, with or without the help of an E3 SUMO ligase. Expression of OsSCE1 was strongly induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) treatment, which suggested OsSCE1 may be involved in the drought stress response. Overexpression of OsSCE1 (OsSCE1-OX) in Nipponbare reduced the tolerance to drought stress. Conversely, the drought tolerance was slightly improved by the knockdown of OsSCE1 (OsSCE1-KD). These results were further supported by measurement of proline content in OsSCE1-OX and OsSCE1-KD transgenic lines under induced drought stress, which showed OsSCE1-KD transgenic lines accumulated higher proline content than the wild type, whereas OsSCE1-OX line had lower proline content than the wild type. These findings suggested OsSCE1 may play a role as a negative regulator in response to drought stress in rice.     

Comparative Study of Immunological and Structural Properties of Two Recombinant Vaccine Candidates against Botulinum Neurotoxin Type E

Background

Recently, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-derived recombinant proteins have been suggested as potential botulism vaccines. Here, with concentrating on BoNT type E (BoNT/E), we studied two of these binding domain-based recombinant proteins: a multivalent chimer protein, which is composed of BoNT serotypes A, B and E binding subdomains, and a monovalent recombinant protein, which contains 93 amino acid residues from recombinant C-terminal heavy chain of BoNT/E (rBoNT/E-HCC). Both proteins have an identical region (48 aa) that contains one of the most important BoNT/E epitopes (YLTHMRD sequence).

Methods

The recombinant protein efficiency in antibody production, their structural differences, and their BoNT/E-epitope location were compared by using ELISA, circular dichroism, computational modeling, and hydrophobicity predictions.

Results

Immunological studies indicated that the antibody yield against rBoNT/E-HCC was higher than chimer protein. Cross ELISA confirmed that the antibodies against the chimer protein recognized rBoNT/E-HCC more efficiently. However, both antibody groups (anti-chimer and anti-rBoNT/E-HCC antibodies) were able to recognize other proteins. Structural studies with circular dichroism showed that chimer proteins have slightly more secondary structures than rBoNT/E-HCC.

Conclusion

The immunological results suggested that the above-mentioned identical region in rBoNT/E-HCC is more exposed. Circular dichroism, computational protein modeling and hydrophobicity predictions indicated a more exposed location for the identical region in rBoNT/E-HCC than the chimer protein, which is strongly in agreement with immunological results. Iran. Biomed. Key Words: Botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E), Cross ELISA, circular dichroism, Computational modeling, recombinant vaccine-candidates     

Cloning and expression of coxsakievirus B3 viral protein-1 in E. coli

BACKGROUND: Viral protein-1 (VP1) is a major capsid protein of Coxsakievirus B3 (CVB3) that plays an important role in directing viruses towards permissive cells and acts as a main antigenic site of the virus in eliciting of host immune response, hence it seems VP1 can be considered as a vaccine candidate against CVB3 infection. In this study, cDNA of VP1 was prepared, cloned into pET expression vector and the recombinant protein (VP1) was over expressed in E. coli. METHODS: The viruses were grown in suspension cultures of Vero cells with an input virus multiplicity of 10-50 plaque-forming units/cell. After observing complete cytopathic effect, the total RNA (cells and virus) was prepared for RT-PCR and by using specific primers, VP1 cDNA was amplified and ligated into pET vectors (32 a and 28 a). The recombinant vector was transferred into competent E. coli (BL-21) and after selection of proper colony, which carried correct cDNA within the vector; cells were cultured and induced with isopropyl B-D-thiogalactopyranoside, in order to express protein (VP1). The cultures were tested for presence of VP1 by SDS-PAGE and Western-Blotting analysis. RESULTS: Molecular techniques such as PCR which showed exact defined size of the VP1 (819 bp), restriction digestion and finally immunoblot analysis of over expressed protein; all confirmed the correct cloning and expression of VP1 in this research. CONCLUSION: In this research, full length of VP1 as major capsid protein of CVB3 was over expressed in E. coli which, can be used for further studies, including neutralizing antibody production against CVB3.     

茶氨酸生物合成工程菌构建

通过PCR扩增E.coli DH5α的γ-ggt基因,产物经纯化后用Kpn I和Xho I双酶切,回收γ-谷氨酰转肽酶基因目的片断,并与经相同双酶切的表达载体pET-32a连接,得到重组质粒pET-GGT。将重组质粒转化到E.coli BL21中,获得工程菌。工程菌株经0.05βmol/L IPTG,32℃诱导表达,湿菌体的酶活达到2.0βU/g,大约是出发菌株E.coli DH5α的15倍。工程菌催化L-谷氨酰胺和盐酸乙胺反应生成茶氨酸的产量达到29.40βg/L,L-Gln的转化率为48.22%,其催化L-谷氨酰胺和盐酸乙胺反应生成茶氨酸的能力比出发菌株E.coli DH5α提高了100多倍。     

胡椒4-香豆酸：辅酶A连接酶Pn4CL基因的克隆及表达分析

根据胡椒4-香豆酸：辅酶A连接酶（4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, 4CL）基因的部分序列设计引物,运用RACE方法获得其家族成员的1个全长cDNA,命名为Pn4cl,长度2130 bp,开放阅读框1638 bp,编码545个氨基酸。预测Pn4CL分子量为59.57 kDa,理论等电点为5.70。该基因含有AMP-binding（AMP-binding enzyme）、CaiC[Acyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming) /AMP-acid ligaseⅡ]、PLN02246、AFD-class I等结合域,具有植物4CL所共有的保守结构域。系统进化分析表明,Pn4CL与北细辛的同源性最高,同时与木兰分支类植物的4CL聚类在一起,与菊分支的进化距离较近,与蔷薇分支的进化距离较远。亚细胞定位表明,该蛋白定位在细胞膜上。Real-time RT-PCR结果表明,该基因受外援激素SA和MeJA诱导表达,同时接种辣椒疫霉菌后,Pn4CL基因的表达量在抗/感2种胡椒中均出现先增加后减少的现象,并且在抗病种质中表达量较高。研究结果为Pn4CL的功能研究提供了理论依据。     

白粉病菌侵染条件下小麦酵母双杂交文库的构建及可用性检测

为解析白粉病菌侵染小麦以及小麦防御的分子机制,以抗白粉病种质N9134为材料,剪取白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici,Bgt)接种48 h后的叶片,提取总RNA,利用SMART技术进行反转录合成双链cDNA(ds-cDNA),并进行均一化处理和SfiI酶切处理,处理后的ds-cDNA分别连接pGADT7-SfiI三框载体,将连接产物转化至感受态细胞HST08中构建文库。通过滴度测定和PCR鉴定其库容量和基因重组率,最后收集细菌并提取质粒。经鉴定,该文库库容量大于1.0×10~6 cfu·mL~(-1),插入片段主要分布在400～2 000 bp之间,重组率为100%,冗余度为3%。利用酵母双杂交系统筛选cDNA文库,获得2个与热休克蛋白HSP40-70互作的蛋白质,分别为DnaJ类蛋白(DnaJ-like)和E3泛素蛋白连接酶AIP2(AIP)。综上表明,文库构建质量较好,为后续筛选抗逆关键基因奠定了基础。     

Hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary soybean vs. casein proteins in a crossed over diets in rat

To investigate the effects of dietary proteins on the level of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided in control and 3 experimental groups (El, E2 and E3). The feeding regimes of rats were as follow: control, standard diet; E1, a cholesterol free diet containing 20% soybean protein; E2, a cholesterol free diet containing 20% casein and E3, a cholesterol free diet containing 10% soybean protein and 10% casein. The experimental period was 11 weeks but at the end of 7th week the diets of E1 and E2 groups were crossed over for the next 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected weekly, via the ophthalmic sinus and the serum levels TC, TG and HDL were measured. In comparison with control group, the results show that at the end of 7th week TC levels in E1 and E2 groups were significantly (p<0.05) increased while HDL level unchanged and the TC value of E2 was bigger (not significant) than E1. However by crossing over the diets, the TC level was significantly (p<0.05) diminished in E2 while TG value remarkably (p<0.05) increased. These results indicate that soybean protein may insert its hypocholesterolemic effect in hypercholestrolemic condition than in normolipidemic condition.     

玉米双低频酶cDNA-AFLP体系的建立

以玉米自交系QCL1094为材料,用RNAiso Reagent、柱式试剂盒法、异硫氰酸胍法等3种方法提取苗期叶片总RNA,用PrimeScriptTM 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit反转录获得第一链cDNA,用RNase H、E.coli DNA聚合酶I和E.coli DNA连接酶合成第二链cDNA,用T4 DNA聚合酶进行末端平滑得到双链cDNA,最后,用双低频酶EcoR I和Pst I酶切双链cDNA,用T4 DNA连接酶连接接头,用引物EA00和P00进行预扩增,用引物EA01和P01进行选择性扩增。经1%琼脂糖凝胶和6%变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,结果表明,RNA提取及cDNA-AFLP预扩增和选择性扩增的效果良好。