QTL Analysis of Major Agronomic Traits in Soybean

Soybean is a main crop, and most agronomic traits of soybean are quantitative; therefore, there is vely important studying and applying value to locating these traits. A F2：10 RIL population containing 154 lines, derived from the cross between Charleston as female and Dongnong 594 as male parent, were used in this experiment. A genetic linkage map was constructed with 164 SSR primers, which were screened with the two parents and amplified on the 154 lines. 12 agronomic traits different between the two parents were investigated, and QTLs of all the traits were analyzed using the software Windows QTL Cartographer V2.0. The agronomic traits included quality traits： protein content, oil content, and content of protein and oil; yield traits： pods per plant, seed weight per plant, and 100 seeds weight; and other agronomic traits： plant height, days to maturity, branches, nod number in main stem, average leaf length, and average leaf width. The results showed that 68 QTLs in total were found for the 12 agronomic traits. The number of QTLs per trait varied from 3 for the average leaf width to 11 for 100 seeds weight and plant height, and was 5.8 on average. Good accordance was seen in many QTLs between the results of this study and the results obtained by other similar studies; therefore, these QTLs may be valuable for molecular marker assistant selection in soybean. In this study, 68 major QTLs of 12 important traits of soybean were analyzed.     

QTL Analysis of the Oil Content and the Hull Content in Brassica napus L.

The QTLs of the oil content and the hull content were analyzed in Brassica napus L. By constructing the linkage map. The F26 RIL population with 188 lines, derived from the cross of GH06 × P147, was used as the mapping population. The SRAP, SSR, AFLP, and TRAP markers were used to construct the linkage map, and the composite interval mapping (CIM) to identify the quantitative trait loci associated with the oil content and the hull content. 300 markers were integrated into 19 linkage groups, covering 1 248.5 cM in total. Seven QTLs were found to be responsible for the oil content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 3.73 to 10.46%; four QTLs were found for the hull content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 4.89 to 6.84%. The yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. Has the advantage of higher oil content and the hull content has a significant effect on the oil content. In addition, the SRAP marker is good for detecting QTL.     

Study on Marker-assisted Breeding of Soybean Vitamin E

Hefeng 25 variety with low vitamin E content in Heilongjiang Province and Bayfield variety with high vitamin E content in Canada were crossed.A total of 144 F_(2:7) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were used as materials.The genetic linkage mapping of soybean vitamin E was constructed.Soybean varieties were marker-assisted selected in the interval of refined quantitative trait locus (QTLs).QTLs were identified in α-,γ-,δ-and the total tocopherol contents of soybean seeds.Fine QTLs of soybean vitamin E content were identified in the interval between Sat_239 and Satt022 on N linkage group.It was valuable to narrow the interval by marker-assisted selection (MAS).There were seven major QTLs of vitamin E content in soybean.MAS related to vitamin E content in soybean was carried out in the intervals between Sat_239 and Satt022.Considering all the kinds of agronomic traits,six strains with high yield and good quality of vitamin E were chosen,numbered 4,54,104,114,122 and 135.     

QTLs for Sugar Content of Stalk in Sweet Sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L.Moench）

High sugar content of sorghum stalk is an important factor in the sorghum silage production. To identify the genomic regions controlling sugar content and to develop molecular markers linked to sugar content in sweet sorghum, we used an F2：3 segregating population consisting of 207 individuals derived from a cross between a high sugar content inbred line, Early Folger, and a normal inbred line, N32B, for genetic linkage mapping and quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis. We constructed a genetic linkage map spanning 983.5 cM based on a total of 327 markers comprising 31 restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） markers, 254 amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers, and 42 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. In the 20 linkage groups detected, 98.2% of markers aligned to the 10 linkage groups of sorghum. Variations in sugar content at different growth stages and among internodes suggested that the sugar content of middle internodes is stable and suitable for measuring at early dough stage. The broad sense heritability （hB0 of sugar content was 0.64 and 0.62 estimated from the data of F3 families and each parent in 2003 and 2004. We identified one and two QTLs accounting for 22.2 to 25.0% of phenotypic variance using simple interval mapping method in 2003 and 2004, respectively. These two QTLs showed a negative additive effect, and over-dominance effect. A QTL on LG-D was detected in both two years. Above results will be help us to understand the genetic mechanism of sugar content in sorghum and the QTL detected in this study might be useful in the improvement of sugar content by marker-assisted selection.     

Dissection of QTLs for Yield Traits on the Short Arm of Rice Chromosome 6

This study was undertaken to dissect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） controlling yield traits on the short arm of rice chromosome 6. A residual heterozygous line that carries a heterozygous segment extending from RM587 to RM19784 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 was selected from an F7 population of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46. An F2：3 population consisting of 221 lines was derived and grown in two trial sites. Six yield traits including number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, total number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant were measured. An SSR marker linkage map was constructed and employed to determine QTLs for yield traits with Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5. QTLs were detected in the target interval for all the traits analyzed except NP, with phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL ranging between 6.3% and 35.2%. Most of the QTLs for yield components acted as additive QTLs, while the three QTLs for grain yield had dominance degrees of 1.65, 0.84, and -0.42, respectively. It was indicated that three or more QTLs for yield traits were located in the target region. The genetic action mode, the direction of the QTL effect, and the magnitude of the QTL effect varied among different QTLs for a given trait, and among QTLs for different traits that were located in the same interval.     

The Eco-Geographical Distribution of Chemi-cal Composition of Soybean Seeds

The expression of protein and oil content of soybean seeds in worldwide was studied. The results shown that: Latitude and year's weather conditions affected protein content of soybean seeds importantly. Elevation affected oil content significantly. There was important difference in protein / oil content among different eco - geographical regions. The zone, in which there was the highest content of protein / oil, was that one with latitude from 0°to 20°59′ . And in this zone, there were different elevation regions, in which protein or oil content was the highest. For high pro-tein, it was the elevation region with 500 - 1000 m; for oil, it was 0~ 500 m. Protein / oil content was also different among different years. However, the changing range among years in Tropical and Subtropical regions was smaller than that in Temperate Regions. The relationship between protein / oil content and latitude, elevation or soil pH in the regions outside the Tropic of concerned a     

Correlation Between Antioxidation and the Content of Total Phenolics and Anthocyanin in Black Soybean Accessions

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between antioxidations and the contents of the total phenolics and anthocyanin in 127 accessions of black soybean. A T-test, a fast clustering procedure, and a correlation coefficient analysis were used for experimentation. The variation ranges of the total antioxidant capacity （TAC）, the total phenolics, and anthocyanin contents in 127 black soybean accessions were 0.44-3.56, 7.05-74.82, and 0.22-1.87 mg g-l, respectively, displaying significant genotype differences. The major differences in TAC, the total phenolics, and the anthocyanin contents existed among various types of accessions from geographical regions. The differences between the accessions from black and yellow soybeans, spring and autumn, summer and autumn, Dongbeichun and Nanfangchun, Dongbeichun and Nanfangxia, Beifangchun and Nanfangchun, and Beifangchun and Nanfangxia were significant at 0.01 or 0.05 levels, respectively. The general tendency was that the TAC, the total phenolics, and the anthocyanin contents of Beifangchun accessions were higher than that of Dongbeichun ones, while that of Nanfangchun accessions were the worst. 127 black soybean accessions could be clustered into 6 clusters, which consisted of 3, 24, 20, 31, 37, and 12 accessions, respectively. The most significant （P 〈 0.01） correlations existed respectively between the TAC and the total showed that the total substances phenolics content, and the TAC and the anthocyanin content of black soybean. The results phenolics and anthocyanin in black soybean seed coat were the important antioxidation     

Identification of QTLs for Starch Content in Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.）

Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.） breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping （IM） and multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL） model （MQM） analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes, with high yield and moderate starch, and Xu 781, which is resistant to stem nematodes, has low yield and high starch content. Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map, explaining 9.1-38.8% of the variation. Especially, one of them, DMFN 4, accounted for 38.8% of starch content variation, which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato. All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content, which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781. Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map, explaining 14.3 and 16.1% of the variation, respectively. They had a negative effect on the variation, indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781. Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker. This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato. These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.     

Genetic Analysis of Embryo, Cytoplasm and Maternal Effects and Their Environment Interactions for Isoflavone Content in Soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.]

Soybean seed products contain isoflavones （genistein, daidzein, and glycitein） that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key factor to the biological effect. Our objective was to identify the genetic effects that underlie the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. A genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants was applied to estimate the genetic main effects and genotype x environment （GE） interaction effects for the isoflavone content （IC） of soybean seeds by using two years experimental data with an incomplete diallel mating design of six parents. Results showed that the IC of soybean seeds was simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of maternal, embryo, and cytoplasm, of which maternal genetic effects were most important, followed by embryo and cytoplasmic genetic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on IC trait were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on isoflavone from residual was made easily by environment conditions. Therefore, the improvement of the IC of soybean seeds would be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants than that on the single seed. Maternal heritability （65.73%） was most important for IC, followed by embryo heritability （25.87%） and cytoplasmic heritability （8.39%）. Based on predicated genetic effects, Yudou 29 and Zheng 90007 were better than other parents for increasing IC in the progeny and improving the quality of soybean, The significant effects of maternal and embryo dominance effects in variance show that the embryo heterosis and maternal heterosis are existent and uninfluenced by environment interaction effects.     

An Integrated QTL Map of Fungal Disease Resistance in Soybean （G/ycine max L. Merr）： A Method of Meta-Analysis for Mining R Genes

Diseases caused by fungal pathogens account for approximately 50% of all soybean disease losses around the world. Conflicting results of fungal disease resistance QTLs from different populations often occurred. The objectives of this study were to： （i） evaluate evidence for reported fungal disease resistance QTLs associations in soybean and （ii） extract relatively reliable and useful information from the ＂real＂ QTLs and mine putative genes in soybean. An integrated map of fungal disease resistance QTLs in soybean was established with soymap 2 published in 2004 as a reference map. QTLs of fungal disease resistance developed from each of separate populations in recent 10 years were integrated into a combinative map for gene cloning and marker assisted selection in soybean. 107 QTLs from different maps were integrated and projected to the reference map with the software BioMercator 2.1. A method of meta-analysis was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 23 ＂real＂ QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained from 12 linkage groups （LG）, respectively. Two published R genes were found in these ＂real＂ QTLs intervals. Sequences in the ＂real＂ QTLs intervals were predicted by GENSCAN, and these predicted genes were annotated in Goblet. 228 resistance gene analogs （RGAs） in 12 different terms were mined. The results will lay the foundation for a bioinformatics platform combining abundant QTLs, and offer the basis for marker assisted selection and gene cloning in soybean.     

大豆异黄酮与脂肪、蛋白质含量基因定位分析

 【目的】研究大豆异黄酮与脂肪、蛋白质含量基因定位及相关性,为大豆品质改良、分子育种及基因克隆等应用提供理论依据。【方法】利用SSR技术,对晋豆23号和灰布支杂交构建的F13代大豆重组自交系群体的474个家系进行了连锁图谱的构建。在此基础上,利用 WinQTLCart2.0 软件分析了影响大豆异黄酮含量、脂肪含量和蛋白质含量3个重要品质性状的QTL,通过复合区间作图分析,检测QTL;同时,对异黄酮与脂肪、蛋白质的含量相关性分析。【结果】检测到23个QTL,其中控制异黄酮含量QTL有6个,分别定位在J、N、D2和G染色体的连锁群上;控制脂肪含量的QTL有11个,分别定位在第A1、A2、B2、C2和D2染色体的连锁群上;控制蛋白质含量的QTL有6个,分别定位在B2、C2、G和H1染色体的连锁群上。相关性分析结果表明：异黄酮与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关;蛋白质和脂肪含量呈极显著负相关;蛋白质和蛋白质脂肪总量呈极显著正相关。【结论】3个重要品质性状的部分基因定位结果与其相关性分析是一致的,其结果对大豆品质育种应用有重要利用价值。     

大豆籽粒蛋白与脂肪含量上位性QTLs分析

大豆籽粒富含蛋白与脂肪,是人类植物蛋白与食用油重要来源;然而,蛋白、脂肪含量属多基因控制数量性状,尽管已有相关QTLs报道,但多是针对单个QTL进行分析,而很少有关于上位性QTLs的报道。鉴于此,利用大豆RIL群体,在4种环境条件下评价其籽粒蛋白与脂肪含量,结合SNP基因型进行上位性QTLs分析发现,定位到48对控制籽粒蛋白、55对控制籽粒脂肪含量上位性QTLs,涉及大豆所有染色体;进一步分析发现,有19对上位性QTLs同时与籽粒蛋白和脂肪含量相关,具体包括12对定位区间完全相同的QTLs、2对定位区间含共同标记的QTLs以及5对定位区间距离不超过5 c M的QTLs;同时发现,19对上位性QTLs分布在除11号染色体以外的19条染色体,其中以13号染色体分布数量最多,其次为1号染色体。上述结果不仅增添了控制大豆蛋白与脂肪含量上位性QTLs,而且为揭示二者之间的负相关关系提供了QTL间/基因间互作方面的分子证据。     

大豆蛋白质和油分含量QTL定位及互作分析

【目的】定位大豆蛋白质和油分含量QTL及互作分析,为大豆品质性状QTL精细定位和分子辅助育种提供基础。【方法】以Charleston和东农594为亲本,构建了含147个株系的重组自交系,以F2:19-F2:20代重组自交系为试验材料,利用Windows QTL Cartographer V. 2.5软件的复合区间作图法和多重区间作图法,对该群体的蛋白质和油分含量进行QTL定位分析,并利用QTL Network 2.1软件分析QTL间的上位性效应及环境互作效应。【结果】采用CIM和MIM 2种算法在2011和2012年哈尔滨、红兴隆、佳木斯和牡丹江每年3个地点共6个种植环境下共定位了9个蛋白质和11个油分含量QTL。蛋白质含量QTL分布在6个连锁群,分别在A1、C2、D1a、G、H和O连锁群上,对表型效应的贡献率为5.3%-18.6%,在H连锁群上的qPro-H-1贡献率最大,为18.6%,在D1a连锁群上的qPro-D1a-2贡献率最小,为5.3%,在单种植环境下有5个蛋白质含量QTL被2种算法同时检测到,分别是qPro-O-1、qPro-A1-1、qPro-D1a-1、qPro-D1a-2和qPro-C2-2。油分含量QTL分布在8个连锁群,分别在A1、A2、B1、C2、D1a、E、L和M连锁群上,对表型效应的贡献率为7.1%-24.4%,在B1连锁群上的qOil-B1-2贡献率最大,为24.4%,在C2连锁上的qOil-C2-3贡献率最小,为7.1%,在单种植环境下有2个油分含量的QTL被2种算法同时检测到,分别为qOil-C2-1和qOil-M-1。另外,有2个油分含量QTL在2个以上种植环境重复检测到,为2011年哈尔滨和2011年红兴隆2个种植环境下同时检测出的qOil-A1-1,2011红兴隆、2011牡丹江和2012哈尔滨3个地点同时被检测出的qOil-B1-2。在互作效应分析中,共检测出3对蛋白质上位效应QTL和4对油分上位效应QTL,在蛋白质上位性分析中,上位效应值在0.2068-0.3124,贡献率在0.0227%-0.0265%,分布在A1、C2、D1和E连锁群上,其中,qPro-A1-3与qPro-C2-1效应值为负,其余2对效应值为正,连锁群A1,D1a均有2个QTL发生互作。在油分上位性分析中,上位效应值在0.0926-0.1682,贡献率在0.0294%-0.0754%,分布在A1、C2、I、J、N和O连锁群上,其中,qOil-C2-4与qOil-N-1效应值为负,其余3对效应值为正,在N连锁群的qOil-N-1同时与2个QTL发生互作,分别是C2连锁群上的qOil-C2-1和qOil-C2-4。在与环境互作中,qPro-D1a-3与qPro-E-1在2012年佳木斯地点没检测出,其余6对都检测出与环境的互作效应,贡献率分别为0.0001%-0.0378%,互作效应都较小,明显小于自身的加性效应。【结论】定位到9个蛋白质相关QTL和11个油分相关QTL,并发现3对蛋白质含量上位性效应QTL和4对油分含量上位性QTL。     

大豆重组自交系群体异黄酮含量QTL连锁定位与关联定位的比较研究

【目的】异黄酮是大豆等豆类植物中富含的一类次生代谢产物,对食品和保健产业有重要作用。大豆籽粒可分离出12种异黄酮组分,可归为三大类：大豆苷类异黄酮、染料木苷类异黄酮和黄豆苷类异黄酮。通过鉴定大豆籽粒异黄酮总含量及3个组分含量性状的加性及上位性QTL,进而全面解析其复杂的遗传构成。【方法】利用先进2号和赶泰2-2双亲衍生的大豆重组自交系群体NJRSXG,在5个环境下测定4个异黄酮含量性状：异黄酮总含量（total isoflavone content,SIFC）、大豆苷类异黄酮总含量（total daidzin group content,TDC）、染料木苷类异黄酮总含量（total genistin group content,TGC）和黄豆苷类异黄酮总含量（total glycitin group content,TGLC）。选用混合模型复合区间作图法（mixed-model-based composite interval mapping,MCIM）和限制性两阶段多位点全基因组关联分析方法（restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association analysis,RTM-GWAS）进行异黄酮含量QTL检测。【结果】2个亲本在4个异黄酮含量性状上均存在较大差异,重组自交系群体异黄酮含量在高值、低值2个方向上均出现超亲分离,低值方向分离趋势强于高值方向。利用连锁定位MCIM方法共检测到4个异黄酮含量性状的19个加性QTL和16对上位性QTL,分布于15条染色体上。第14染色体重要标记区间GNE186b—Sat020内检测到3个新加性QTL：qSifc-14-1、qTdc-14-2和qTgc-14-1,且表型变异解释率最高。利用关联定位RTM-GWAS方法分别检测到4个异黄酮含量性状的51、66、42和36个关联标记位点,表型变异解释率为39.7%—52.5%,检测到的位点中覆盖了MCIM方法检测的19个加性QTL中的11个以及11个上位性QTL。候选基因分析分别在加性QTL区域和上位性QTL区域检测到93和100个候选基因,富集分析显示在第14染色体重要标记区间GNE186b—Satt020内,Glyma14g33227、Glyma14g33244和Glyma14g33715的功能与异黄酮代谢有关。【结论】连锁定位和关联定位2种方法结合能相对全面地检测异黄酮含量QTL。与连锁定位方法MCIM相比,关联定位方法RTM-GWAS检测的QTL更多,总遗传贡献率更高,但尚不能检测上位性QTL,2种方法定位结果可相互验证补充,大豆籽粒异黄酮含量由大量QTL/基因控制。     

油菜籽含油量和蛋白质含量的种子胚与母体植株QTL定位

【目的】利用甘蓝型油菜TN DH群体分别与双亲Tapidor和Ningyou7回交构建的BC1F1 1和BC1F1 2两个群体,分析油菜籽含油量和蛋白质含量的种子胚和母体植株两套不同核基因组的QTL及其遗传效应,以明确QTL在不同遗传体系中的分布状况以及连锁的分子标记,研究环境互作效应对不同遗传体系QTL定位的影响,探讨相应品质性状分子标记辅助选择的最优策略和方法。【方法】按照常规田间试验方法种植202个TN DH群体材料与双亲,采用2年、2次重复、随机区组试验设计,开花时通过双向回交构建BC1F1 1和BC1F1 2两个群体,收获双亲和回交群体的种子。利用可分析含油量和蛋白质含量的近红外分析模型和方法测定油菜籽含油量和蛋白质含量。结合甘蓝型油菜分子标记连锁遗传图谱以及新创建的双子叶作物种子品质性状两套遗传体系的QTL定位方法和作图软件,对不同年份BC1F1 1和BC1F1 2油菜籽含油量和蛋白质含量进行QTL定位分析。【结果】共检测到7个与油菜籽含油量和蛋白质含量相关的QTL,分布在A1、A4、A6、A7、C2和C5连锁群上,其中,4个与含油量相关的QTL和3个控制蛋白质含量的QTL对表型的总贡献率分别为49.1%和59.6%。检测到的QTL均具有极显著的胚加性主效应和母体加性主效应,其中4个QTL具有显著或极显著的胚显性主效应、2个与含油量相关的QTL具有极显著的环境互作效应。qOC-6-3和qPC-4-1作为控制含油量和蛋白质含量的重要QTL,分别能解释36.3%和37.9%的表型变异;而qOC-4-2和qPC-4-1均被定位在甘蓝型油菜A4连锁群相同的位点上,位于分子标记HS-K02-2和HBR094之间,QTL峰值位置为18.5 cM,置信区间为17.5-19.4 cM。【结论】甘蓝型油菜籽含油量和蛋白质含量的表现会同时受到种子胚和母体植株两套不同遗传体系核基因组QTL表达效应的影响,其中环境互作效应对含油量表现的作用更为明显,而控制蛋白质含量表现的QTL在不同环境条件下的表达较为稳定。在A6和A4连锁群上检测到的qOC-6-3和qPC-4-1是2个控制含油量和蛋白质含量的主效QTL,同时2个控制蛋白质含量的QTL尚未见报道。     

大麦籽粒蛋白质及其相关功能成分含量的QTL分析

【目的】研究大麦籽粒蛋白质与功能成分含量的相关关系及其QTL,为功能大麦遗传改良、基因克隆及分子辅助育种奠定理论基础。【方法】以紫光芒裸二棱为母本,Schooner为父本构建包含193个株系的RIL群体,结合SSR技术和QTL Ici Mapping V3.3软件构建遗传连锁图谱,借助完全区间作图法(ICIM)对两年大麦籽粒蛋白质、总黄酮和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量进行QTL检测;同时分析蛋白质、总黄酮和GABA含量之间的相关性。【结果】亲本及RIL群体籽粒蛋白质、总黄酮及GABA含量表现出较大差异,且呈连续变异正态分布,适宜进行QTL定位。构建了一张全长为2 224.29 c M,两标记间平均距离为16.48 c M的遗传连锁图谱,包括7个连锁群,135个标记位点。共检测到20个QTL,其中,控制蛋白质含量的9个QTL分别定位于1H、2H、4H、6H和7H连锁群染色体。表型变异率范围为4.11%—18.86%,解释表型变异率大于10%的3个主效QTL(13.30%、15.45%和18.86%)分别位于6H和7H染色体。经两年试验检测发现2个相同的QTL位点,分别位于4H BMAG0740—BMAG0808和6H Ebmac0806—GBM1270;控制总黄酮含量的7个QTL分别定位于2H、5H、6H和7H染色体。表型变异率范围为6.06%—29.01%,解释表型变异率大于10%的5个主效QTL(10.38%、15.27%、17.55%、24.17%和29.01%)分别位于2H、6H和7H染色体。经两年试验检测发现1个相同的QTL位点,位于7H EBmatc0016—Bmag0206;控制GABA含量的4个QTL分别定位于4H、5H、6H和7H染色体,表型变异率范围为5.44%—14.87%,最大变异率为14.87%的主效QTL位于7H染色体。控制蛋白质含量与总黄酮含量的基因同位于2H、6H和7H染色体,控制蛋白质含量与GABA含量的基因重合在4H、6H和7H染色体,控制总黄酮含量与GABA含量的基因同位于5H、6H和7H染色体。控制这三种成分的QTL主要位于6H和7H,尤其是6H Ebmac0806—GBM1270影响蛋白质、总黄酮和GABA含量,且加性作用方向一致,有极显著相关性。相关性分析结果表明,蛋白质、总黄酮与GABA含量之间呈极显著正相关。【结论】大麦籽粒蛋白质、总黄酮和GABA含量的相关性分析与其部分QTL定位结果一致,揭示了蛋白质和功能成分含量之间紧密的遗传关系。     

基于RIL和CSSL群体定位大豆脂肪酸组分QTL

【目的】 大豆（Glycine max）原产于中国,高品质的大豆在食品、饲料、纺织品等多种加工业中广泛应用,因此,选育高品质大豆已成为育种者和生产者的聚焦问题。通过对大豆脂肪酸各组分进行QTL定位及候选基因的筛选,为大豆品质改良奠定分子基础。【方法】 以美国大豆品种Charleston和东农594为亲本构建重组自交系（RILs）、以栽培大豆绥农14与野生大豆ZYD00006为亲本构建染色体片段代换系（CSSLs）为试验材料。利用气相色谱法测定2个群体的脂肪酸含量,根据东北农业大学农学院大豆遗传改良实验室已构建的遗传图谱,通过Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5和ICIMapping软件对2017—2018年RIL群体与CSSL群体中的大豆脂肪酸组分进行QTL定位研究,并对所获得的QTL置信区间进行候选基因的挖掘。【结果】 2017—2018年,RIL群体和CSSL群体分别定位到34和20个与脂肪酸组分相关的QTL,分布在除B2、C1、G、H、J、M和O以外的13个连锁群上。比较2个群体的QTL定位结果,发现在2个群体中重复检测到10对QTL,其中,分布在A1、C2、D1a、F、K和N连锁群上的QTL与多种脂肪酸含量相关,在A1连锁群上检测到亚油酸和油分含量重叠的QTL;在C2连锁群上检测到硬脂酸和油分含量重叠的QTL;在D1a连锁群上检测到硬脂酸和油分含量重叠的QTL;在F连锁群上检测到棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油分含量重叠的QTL;在K连锁群上检测到亚油酸和亚麻酸含量重叠的QTL;在N连锁群上检测到棕榈酸和油分含量重叠的QTL、油酸和亚油酸含量重叠的QTL。对QTL定位获得的所有置信区间进行候选基因的挖掘,从基因注释数据集中共筛选出485个候选基因,其中,271个候选基因具有GO注释,进一步进行GO富集数据分析,共有15个候选基因与脂肪酸相关。主要通过编码植物酰基-酰基载体蛋白（ACP）硫酯酶、脂肪酸去饱和酶、磷脂酶D1、脂肪酸-羟化酶、丙酮酸激酶和参与酰基辅酶A生物合成、调节脂肪酸链的延伸,从而影响脂肪酸的合成。【结论】 共检测到54个与大豆脂肪酸各组分相关的QTL,在2个群体中重复检测到10对QTL,对QTL定位获得的置信区间进行候选基因的筛选,共有15个候选基因与脂肪酸相关。这些稳定的脂肪酸相关的QTL和脂肪酸相关的候选基因可用于大豆脂肪酸改良的分子标记辅助选择。     

幼苗期大豆根系性状的遗传分析与QTL检测

【目的】研究幼苗期大豆根系性状的遗传规律并进行QTL定位,推进大豆品种选育进程。【方法】以栽培大豆晋豆23为母本,半野生大豆灰布支黑豆（ZDD2315）为父本及其所衍生的447个RIL作为供试群体,取亲本及447个家系各30粒种子,用灭菌纸包裹后分别于2013年5月27日、6月28日放置在清水培育,每组试验设置3次重复,环境温度20-28℃,幼苗长到V2期,分别于2013年6月8日、7月8日对幼苗期相关根部性状数据进行测量。采用主基因+多基因混合遗传分离分析法和复合区间作图法,对大豆幼苗期根系性状进行遗传分析和QTL定位。定位所用图谱全长2 047.6 cM,包括27个连锁群,232个标记位点。【结果】主根长、侧根数、根重、根体积和茎叶重各形状之间均呈现极显著正相关;下胚轴长和下胚轴重表现极显著正相关,与茎叶重表现出显著正相关。主根长受3对等效主基因控制,侧根数受2对重叠作用主基因控制,根重和根体积受4对等效主基因控制,下胚轴长受4对加性主基因控制,下胚轴重受4对加性-加性×加性上位性主基因控制,以上性状均没有检测到多基因效应。茎叶重受加性多基因控制,没有检测到主基因效应。共检测到24个与主根长、侧根数、根重、根体积、茎叶重、下胚轴长和下胚轴重相关的QTL,分别位于A1、A2、B1、B2、C2、D1b、F_1、G、H_1、H_2、I、K_2、L、M、N和O连锁群上。其中,主根长共检测到5个QTL,分布在B1、L、N、O连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为7.05%-13.18%。侧根数共检测到4个QTL,分布在A1、D1b、I、L连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为8.21%-16.43%。根重共检测到3个QTL,分布在F_1、G、N连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为7.55%-10.85%。根体积,5月27日试验结果,共检测到3个QTL,分布在K_2和M连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为8.44%-12.39%。6月28日试验结果,没有定位出主效QTL。茎叶重共检测到5个QTL,分布在A1、A2和N连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为11.43%-38.91%。其中,qSW1-a2-1、qSW2-a2-1和qSW2-a2-1均定位在A2染色体上。下胚轴长,5月27日试验结果,共检测到1个QTL,分布在H_1连锁群上,表型贡献率为7.86%。6月28日试验结果,没有定位出主效QTL。下胚轴重共检测到3个QTL,分布在B2、C2、H_2连锁群上。解释的表型变异范围为7.70%-12.48%。【结论】幼苗期根系性状的遗传机制较复杂,茎叶重受多基因控制,其余性状主要受主基因控制。抗逆品种根系从幼苗期根系生长就表现出发根早、生长快、主根长、侧根多等特点,在实际育种过程中,需要对根系各性状间的关系进行综合考虑,确保根系整体健壮发达,协调统一。     

大豆农艺性状的QTL分析(摘要)(英文)

[目的]分析大豆农艺性状的QTL,为探讨大豆的遗传机制及进行遗传育种提供参考。[方法]以栽培大豆"合丰25"为母本和半野生大豆"新民6号"为父本杂交得到的122个F8代重组自交系为试材,应用复合区间作图法对蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、产量、百粒重、生育期5个数量性状进行QTL定位和遗传效应分析。蛋白质、脂肪含量均使用近红外谷物分析仪测定。[结果]控制蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、产量、百粒重、生育期性状的4、4、1、2、5个共16个QTL位点,遗传贡献率在7.4%～33.7%。其中,遗传贡献率较大的主效QTL有分别位于I连锁群上Satt562-Sat_219、Sat_219-Satt496、Sat_219-Satt496区间的3个控制蛋白质含量的QTL位点,其遗传贡献率分别为29.15%、33.70%和31.67%,且均为来自母本合丰25的加效基因,还有位于O连锁群上Satt477-Satt331、Satt331-Satt153区间的2个控制生育期QTL位点,其遗传贡献率分别为24.69%和24.96%,也是来自母本合丰25的加效基因。另外,6个分别距M连锁群Satt175(蛋白质)、A1连锁群Satt684(油分)、F连锁群Satt348(油分)、J连锁群Sat_412(油分)、C1连锁群Sat_416(百粒重)、C1连锁群Sat_416(生育期)标记仅有0.01cm的QTL位点。[结论]定位了影响蛋白质含量、油分含量、产量、百粒重和生育期5个重要农艺性状的QTL位点。