甘肃黄河三峡景区旅游资源空间结构研究

旅游空间结构是旅游系统功能组织方式在空间上的投影或表象,其空间结构是否合理直接影响到旅游目的地旅游业的发展态势。黄河三峡景区凭借其丰富、独特的资源优势,已成为黄河流域最著名的景区之一。受河谷地带的基础性影响,其资源类型、空间结构、游览线路等表现出典型的空间特征,深刻影响着景区旅游空间格局。借助Arc GIS空间网络分析模块和Excel平台,对黄河三峡景区旅游资源空间结构进行定量分析,发现旅游资源空间分布呈集聚态势,基尼系数高达0.755,分布均匀度仅为0.245;采用最邻近指数和Voronoi多边形的变异系数分析空间分布类型;用地理集中指数和基尼系数分析空间分布均衡性,运用β指数、γ指数和α指数刻画空间连接度。结果表明:景区内旅游资源的空间分布均匀度低,呈多中心集聚分布。这既有利于景区内各景点之间的整合和旅游规模效应的产生,又可以减弱区间屏蔽作用等外部不经济性。景区内各景点之间的交通网络密度低,空间联系较弱,通达性较低。各景点之间的直接连接较少,旅游路线多为单线往返,缺少串联各个景点的环形线路。     

Recreational preferences depending on thinning practice in young even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.): comparing the opinions of forest and landscape experts and the general population of Denmark

The aim of this study was to investigate to which extent forestry professionals, other “green” professionals (mainly landscape architects) and natural resource students in Denmark agree with the general population regarding their recreational preferences for contrasting stem densities in young, even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). The study was based on five pairs of colour photographs from each of the five recently thinned experimental plots in a 13-year-old stand. The plots represented five different residual stem densities: 7000 (unthinned), 5300 (traditional thinning), 1000, 300 and 100 stems ha^?1. All cut trees were left on the ground. The analysis was carried out as a survey of forest and landscape experts (n=158) and the general public (n=243) based on questionnaires. Interviewees ranked the photographs according to the criterion: “Which forest environment do you prefer as a visitor?” Principal component factor analysis showed that the general public tended to perceptually group photos according to similar overall pattern of openness, presence of row structure and stand accessibility (including presence/absence of slash). As long as a stand appeared accessible, stand density had little influence on their preferences for a wide range of stand densities (5300?300 stems ha^?1). In contrast, foresters, other “green” professionals and students seemed to perceptually group photos according to treatment type, and the presence of slash had little influence on their preferences. This suggests an influence of professional background, making experts visually analyse and evaluate stands according to contemporary management standards and paradigms within their own profession.     

The porosphere as an ecological medium emphasized in Professor Ghilarov's work on soil animal adaptations

Summary The author recalls that the late Professor Mercury S. Ghilarov, from the Institute of Animal Morphology and Ecology in Moscow, was a great pioneer in soil zoology and a far-sighted scientist in the evolution of terrestrial faunas. Professor Ghilarov agreed that during their evolution insects passed through the soil as a transitional medium from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. His theory, which is based on morphological and physiological observations, fits the thermodynamics of soil water the author describes when considering all porous bodies (porosphere), such as soil and other media, permitting a slow and gradual transition from an aquatic towards a xeric aerial system. In conclusion, a general concept of water accessibility for soil animals is formulated.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov     

The role of primary germ tubes in the life cycle of Blumeria graminis: The primary germ tube is responsible for the suppression of resistance induction of a host plant cell

When the conidia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) are inoculated on barley coleoptile cells they produce short germ tubes called primary germ tubes (PGTs) about 2 h after inoculation. We evaluated the positive role of a PGT in inducing accessibility of the host cell under the germ tube. When an appressorium (APP) penetrated the same cell on which a PGT was present, the ratio of haustorium formation (penetration efficiency) was significantly higher than when an APP penetrated the cell adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present. When an APP penetrated the cell laterally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present we killed the cell under the PGT by puncturing it with a microneedle and then investigated the penetration efficiency of the cell adjacent to the dead cell. As a control we killed the cell longitudinally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present and investigated the penetration efficiency of the laterally adjacent cell. The results showed that the penetration efficiency of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter. This suggests that some accessibility factor might transfer from a cell on which a PGT is present to a laterally adjacent cell. The existence of a conidium body but not a PGT was not effective for induced accessibility of the host cell. Moreover, when a Bgh germling was removed 6 h after inoculation and another germling was transferred to the same cell, the penetration efficiency was significantly higher than that of control. As a control, a Bgh germling was transferred to a cell on which no germling was present. These results suggest that the existence of PGT is effective for induced accessibility of a host cell when penetrated by Bgh. However, it is unclear whether or not a PGT secretes some substance(s) which suppresses the resistance induction of a host cell.     

染色质开放性与动物胚胎发育关系的研究进展

染色质开放性是指核小体或转录因子等蛋白与真核生物染色质DNA结合后,对其他蛋白能否再结合的开放程度,这一特性能够反映转录活性.染色质结构是动态变化的,染色质开放性与动物生长发育、细胞分化等过程密切相关,基因组开放染色质高效精准定位可为解析基因表达调控机制提供重要线索.本文介绍染色质开放性检测方法、染色质开放性的影响因素...     

基于生产生活可达性的农村居民点整治分区及模式

农村居民点整治应满足农户生产生活的需求,提高农村居民点的生产生活可达性。该文从生产生活可达性切入,以农村居民点生产生活可达性作为整治分区和采取何种整治模式的依据,从生产可达性和生活可达性两方面出发构建生产生活可达性评价指标体系,采用空间可达性测度方法和指标综合评判法计算得到农村居民点(斑块)生产生活可达性,将其分为I、II、III、IV 4个等级,分别对应发展区、优化区、引导区和拆迁区。根据整治分区并结合实际情况,划分了城镇化发展模式、城乡统筹发展模式、综合优化模式、辐射引导模式、增减挂钩模式和生态搬迁模式等6种整治模式,并对整治思路和具体做法做了探讨。该研究尝试将生产生活可达性评价结果应用于农村居民点整治,对有序整治农村居民点和改善提高农村人居环境有指导意义。     

重庆市县域交通可达性与多维贫困耦合关系研究

研究交通基础设施与区域贫困之间的关系是实施乡村振兴战略的基础.以重庆市37个区县为例,采用地理信息技术对研究区的交通可达性进行定量评价,并构建以区县为单元的多维贫困评价指标体系,以此分析研究区交通可达性与多维贫困耦合度的空间分布特征.研究结果表明:①重庆市县域交通可达性相对较高,区县之间差距较大,空间分布存在明显的梯度变化特征,可达性值由东向西逐渐降低;②重庆市县域多维贫困程度相对较高,空间集聚效益较强,高多维贫困度和较高多维贫困度的区县主要分布在渝东北三峡库区城镇群和渝东南武陵山区城镇群,低多维贫困度和较低多维贫困度的区县主要分布在都市圈和主城区;③将交通可达性与多维贫困的耦合水平分为低度耦合、中度耦合、高度耦合、极度耦合4种等级,重庆市县域耦合度整体较高,片区之间耦合水平具有差异,主城区和都市圈耦合水平相对较高,属于低贫困程度的高耦合水平,渝东北三峡库区城镇群和渝东南武陵山区城镇群耦合水平相对较低,属于贫困程度相对较高的低耦合水平;④将交通可达性与多维贫困的耦合类型分为交通可达性滞后型、多维贫困滞后型、双贫困同步协调发展型三大型,其空间分布具有一定规律,交通可达性滞后型区县较分散,多维贫困滞后型区县集中在重庆市西部地区,双贫困同步协调发展型区县则分布在市域西南和东北两端.     

基于GIS的太原市景观格局与可达性分析

城市公园绿地是城市绿地系统中重要的组成部分,是衡量一个城市人居环境和城市环境的重要标准.本研究以太原市中心城区(环城高速内)为研究对象,运用遥感技术以及GIS相关技术,对太原市城市公园绿地可达性及景观格局进行分析.结果表明:①太原市城市公园绿地面积偏少且各行政区之间分布不均匀,其中杏花岭区城市公园绿地面积最小仅为0.99 km~2,占研究区的2.37%;②太原市城市公园绿地可达性整体较差,仅有不到50%的城市居民能在30 min内通过步行方式到达最近公园;③太原市城市公园绿地整体分布较为均匀,破碎化程度较低,但其景观形状较为规则,不利于城市生物多样性的维护,且斑块丰富度密度较低.本研究成果可以为太原市合理优化绿地空间结构布局提供理论依据.     

苏北典型乡村聚落的时空演变特征研究——以东海县为例

为探讨乡村聚落的时空演变特征,以江苏省东海县为研究对象,基于1990年、2000年、2010年和2020年研究区乡村聚落图斑数据,采用景观格局指数、标准差椭圆、核密度、可达性和空间自相关分析等方法,测度与评估研究区乡村聚落用地时空变化特征。结果表明：1)1990—2020年东海县乡村聚落总面积与平均面积呈逐年递增的趋势,伴随着聚落总面积的逐步增加,聚落斑块数量逐步减少;研究区乡村聚落先后经历了“点状增加-块状增加与减少并存-点、带式同步小幅增加”的过程。乡村聚落增减变化以点状变化和块状变化为主,其中块状变化主要分布于县城区和建制镇周围;2)东海县乡村聚落基本空间格局较为稳定,保持“西—东”方向分布。从方向上看,研究区1990—2020年乡村聚落重心经历了“东北—南向—东移”的方向转换过程;3)1990—2020年东海县乡村聚落变化由缓慢变化期到快速波动期再进入平稳发展期,整体呈协调发展态势;4)1990—2020年,东海县乡村聚落增减变化受到城镇、交通和水源可达性小于15 min的影响较大,随着乡村经济发展水平的提高,农村生活方式的现代化转变,乡村聚落更倾向于靠近城镇与交通干线扩展,临...