重庆市县域交通可达性与多维贫困耦合关系研究

研究交通基础设施与区域贫困之间的关系是实施乡村振兴战略的基础.以重庆市37个区县为例,采用地理信息技术对研究区的交通可达性进行定量评价,并构建以区县为单元的多维贫困评价指标体系,以此分析研究区交通可达性与多维贫困耦合度的空间分布特征.研究结果表明:①重庆市县域交通可达性相对较高,区县之间差距较大,空间分布存在明显的梯度变化特征,可达性值由东向西逐渐降低;②重庆市县域多维贫困程度相对较高,空间集聚效益较强,高多维贫困度和较高多维贫困度的区县主要分布在渝东北三峡库区城镇群和渝东南武陵山区城镇群,低多维贫困度和较低多维贫困度的区县主要分布在都市圈和主城区;③将交通可达性与多维贫困的耦合水平分为低度耦合、中度耦合、高度耦合、极度耦合4种等级,重庆市县域耦合度整体较高,片区之间耦合水平具有差异,主城区和都市圈耦合水平相对较高,属于低贫困程度的高耦合水平,渝东北三峡库区城镇群和渝东南武陵山区城镇群耦合水平相对较低,属于贫困程度相对较高的低耦合水平;④将交通可达性与多维贫困的耦合类型分为交通可达性滞后型、多维贫困滞后型、双贫困同步协调发展型三大型,其空间分布具有一定规律,交通可达性滞后型区县较分散,多维贫困滞后型区县集中在重庆市西部地区,双贫困同步协调发展型区县则分布在市域西南和东北两端.

Analysis of the Coupling Relationship Between Transportation Accessibility and Multidimensional Poverty at County Level in Chongqing

Traffic infrastructure directly determines whether or not the poor regions can conduct external economic and cultural exchanges with other regions. Researches on the relationship between traffic infrastructure and regional poverty are the foundation of implementing the rural revitalization strategy of China. In a case study of 37 counties/districts in Chongqing, the geographic information technology was adopted to conduct a quantitative evaluation of the traffic accessibility of the area studied herein, and a multi-dimensional poverty evaluation index system at the district/county level was established to analyze the spatial distribution of the coupling degree between traffic accessibility and multi-dimensional poverty. The results were as follows. (1) The traffic accessibility of counties in Chongqing is relatively high, but the gap between districts and counties is large. Its spatial distribution is characterized by an obvious gradient change, with the accessibility value decreasing gradually from east to west. (2) In Chongqing, counties/districts have relatively high levels of multi-dimensional poverty and strong effects of spatial agglomeration. Districts/counties with high levels of multi-dimensional poverty and those with fairly high levels of multi-dimensional poverty are mainly distributed in the urban clusters of Three Gorges Reservoir Area in the northeast of Chongqing and Wuling mountainous area in the southeast, while the districts/counties with low levels of multi-dimensional poverty and those with fairly low levels of multi-dimensional poverty are mainly distributed in metropolitan areas and main urban areas. (3) The coupling levels of traffic accessibility and multi-dimensional poverty are divided into four categories-low coupling, moderate coupling, high coupling and extreme coupling. The overall coupling level of Chongqing''s counties is relatively high, and the coupling among regions shows great differences. The coupling level of main urban areas and metropolitan areas is relatively high, identified as a high coupling level with a low poverty rate. Also, the coupling level of the urban clusters of Three Gorges Reservoir Area and Wuling mountainous area is relatively low, identified as a low coupling level with a slightly high poverty rate. (4) The coupling types of traffic accessibility and multi-dimensional poverty are divided into three types-lagged traffic accessibility, lagged multi-dimensional poverty, and coordinated development. There is a certain regularity in spatial distribution-the counties/districts with lagged traffic accessibility are more scattered across the municipality, the counties/districts with lagged multi-dimensional poverty are centralized in the western part of Chongqing, and the counties/districts with coordinated development are distributed in the southwestern and northeastern parts of Chongqing.