饲料添加剂类抗生素替代品在生猪养殖中的研究进展

随着现代社会的发展,集约化养殖成为主流趋势,抗生素的缺失往往会给养殖者带来巨大损失。但是,长期以来,抗生素滥用导致的细菌耐药性和药物残留问题日益严峻。随着我国2020年饲料添加剂类的抗生素的禁用,寻找高速、有效的抗生素替代品成为养殖业急需解决的重要问题。近年来,涌现出的各种饲料添加剂,如酸化剂、微生态制剂、酶制剂、植物提取物、抗菌肽等均表现出良好的杀菌、抑菌、促进动物生长、提高免疫力的效果,为抗生素替代提供了解决思路。文章对近年来一些抗生素替代品在生猪养殖方面的研究应用情况进行了综述,为替抗用饲料添加剂使用提供参考。     

Role of integrons in the proliferation of multiple drug resistance in selected bacteria occurring in poultry production

ABSTRACT

• 1. The increase in microbial resistance, and in particular multiple drug resistance (MDR), is an increasing threat to public health. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics and antibacterial chemotherapeutics in the poultry industry, especially in concentrations too low to cause inhibition, and the occurrence of residues in feed and in the environment play a significant role in the development of resistance among zoonotic food-borne microorganisms.

• 2. Determining the presence and transmission methods of resistance in bacteria is crucial for tracking and preventing antibiotic resistance. Horizontal transfer of genetic elements responsible for drug resistance is considered to be the main mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance.

• 3. Of the many well-known genetic elements responsible for horizontal gene transfer, integrons are among the most important factors contributing to multiple drug resistance. The mechanism of bacterial drug resistance acquisition through integrons is one of the essential elements of MDR prevention in animal production.

     

养猪生产中"肺肠同制"理论与替抗实践

在“禁抗”的大背景下,人们必须改变与病原微生物打交道的策略,从以往通过抗生素的“打打杀杀”到“和谐共处”。文章根据中医传统“肺与大肠相表里”理论,探索替抗的“肺肠同制”技术路径,并阐明只有替抗产品与替抗管理同时进行,才能够真正实现使用“替抗”方法与抗生素使用时达到同样、乃至更好的效果。     

ACVIM Consensus Statement on Therapeutic Antimicrobial Use in Animals and Antimicrobial Resistance

The epidemic of antimicrobial resistant infections continues to challenge, compromising animal care, complicating food animal production and posing zoonotic disease risks. While the overall role of therapeutic antimicrobial use in animals in the development AMR in animal and human pathogens is poorly defined, veterinarians must consider the impacts of antimicrobial use in animal and take steps to optimize antimicrobial use, so as to maximize the health benefits to animals while minimizing the likelihood of antimicrobial resistance and other adverse effects. This consensus statement aims to provide guidance on the therapeutic use of antimicrobials in animals, balancing the need for effective therapy with minimizing development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from animals and humans.     

克服植物组织培养中内生菌污染的研究

组织培养中内生菌污染普遍，严重影响组织培养和工厂化育苗。文章在查阅大量文献基础上，探讨内生菌污染产生的原因，分析控制内生菌污染的有效措施。     

离体条件下抗生素对棉花愈伤组织生长的影响

研究了 3种抗生素对中棉所 19下胚轴愈伤组织生长的影响。结果表明 ,卡那霉素对棉花下胚轴的愈伤组织形成和增殖均有明显抑制作用 ,其浓度低于 10 0 mg· L -1时 ,随着其浓度增加 ,愈伤组织诱导率降低 ,增殖率下降 ;其浓度高于 10 0mg· L-1 时不能诱导愈伤组织发生。羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素对棉花下胚轴愈伤组织诱导率没有影响 ,浓度高于 2 5 0 mg· L-1 时对其增殖有轻微抑制作用。     

抗生素/抗性细菌/抗性基因在土壤-植物系统中迁移转化及阻控消减的研究进展

抗生素在土壤环境中的迁移转化过程及生态毒理效应已成为各国土壤学、植物学、环境科学和食品科学等领域学者及政府关注的热点。阐明抗生素及其复合抗性污染物在土壤-植物系统中的环境行为及生态毒理学机理,对管控生态环境风险及保障食品安全具有重要的意义。本文综述了近年来国内外关于土壤-植物系统中抗生素的迁移转化规律,抗生素/抗性细菌/抗性基因的生态风险以及复合抗性污染物阻控消减技术的研究进展。本综述可以为土壤-植物系统中抗生素抗性污染风险的管控和消减提供科学支撑。