不同水分胁迫下的小麦/玉米间作群体响应机理研究

为探明不同水分胁迫下小麦/玉米间作群体响应机理,试验设置了1个充分灌水、3个不同水分胁迫程度间作处理及2个充分灌水单作对照处理。结果表明:共生期内,各间作处理间普遍存在小麦条带水分捕获当量比高于玉米条带的现象,随水分胁迫的加剧,此趋势愈加明显;随着生育期的推进,此趋势渐弱甚至出现反转,而带间的水分相对竞争能力则呈现逐渐下降的规律。在根系分布特征方面,充分灌溉下间作群体平均根系分布深度为17. 15～17. 24 cm,其根质量密度的90. 42%～90. 77%分布于耕层内,其中小麦为87. 49%～88. 70%,玉米为92. 63%～92. 81%,而水分胁迫会显著影响间作群体根系的空间分布。在间作优势方面,要保持间作优势,每次灌水最少需满足80%左右的田间持水率,随水分胁迫程度的增加,间作群体土地当量比呈现先微升、后下降的规律,且间作玉米的偏土地当量比下降速率快于间作小麦。在种间相对竞争能力方面,表现出随水分胁迫的加剧,小麦相对于玉米先微升、后快速下降,并逐渐近于消失的趋势。间作群体的特殊性造成了两作物条带存在时间与空间上的土壤水分差异,进而导致灌溉水入渗速度及入渗总量的不同,而水分胁迫增大了这种趋势,这在一定程度上满足了灌溉水的最佳去处,从而提高了间作群体的水分利用效率,进而揭示了间作群体的节水增产机理。     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

迪北地区致密砂岩气藏测井评价新技术

迪北地区侏罗系阿合组属于致密裂缝性砂岩储层,沉积相类型以辫状三角洲平原为主,岩性复杂,粒度变化大,岩石骨架受多种矿物影响。利用元素俘获测井(ECS),结合常规测井资料分析岩性对储层有效性的影响,为评价储层孔隙度提供准确的骨架参数。同时,裂缝是改善该区储层渗透性的重要因素,裂缝的发育程度决定了储层的渗流能力,引入EARTH IMAGER新型油基钻井液成像测井仪,并利用岩心标定成像,有效解决了裂缝的识别问题。     

微囊型甲醛捕捉剂对薄木饰面人造板甲醛释放量的影响

随着薄木饰面板在家具、装修领域中的使用量越来越大,人造板的游离甲醛释放问题也愈发引起人们关注,现有的甲醛捕捉剂一般只能在短期内发挥效果,而对人造板甲醛的长期释放控制效果并不理想。为解决人造板甲醛释放的长期性问题,以尿素为芯材、乙基纤维素为壁材制备微囊型甲醛捕捉剂,探讨不同乳化剂及芯壁比制备的微囊型甲醛捕捉剂对饰面人造板甲醛控释效果的影响。结果表明,当乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、芯壁比为3∶1,乳化剂用量1%、壁材质量分数3%、搅拌速度1000 r/min时,制备出的微胶囊芯材负载效果最好,负载量达到36.24%、负载效率为8.05%。采用该微胶囊以2%的质量比与脲醛树脂胶黏剂混配进行饰面板贴面热压时,得到的薄木贴面板的甲醛释放量相比未处理饰面板降低了37.9%。经过20 d后,微胶囊对其饰面板甲醛的释放仍表现出一定的控制效果,饰面板的甲醛释放量为0.99 mg/L,仅为未处理饰面板的56.9%。说明用微囊型甲醛捕捉剂对饰面人造板进行处理不仅能够对饰面板中的甲醛进行控释,而且在长期的放置、使用过程中也能够持续发挥作用,从而达到降低室内空气中甲醛浓度的目的。     

韩国原麝分布区50年间的变迁

在南朝鲜于1999年的2月至12月间,根据有关文献,调查问卷和对原麝的种类,粪便,及其在有雪和无雪的季节里的野外踪迹的调查,作者概述了50年中原麝的数量和分布区的变化。结果表明:从50年代至1999间,原麝(Moschus moschiferus parvipes)的分布区呈明显缩减之势。由于在原麝分布区中大规模地进行公路及林道的建设,导致了其生境片断化和丢失。而且牟取利润的非法猎捕也是造成原麝的种群数量和分布区缩减的主要原因,在高海拔地区的林道也常被盗猎者所利用。为保护韩国原麝资源,急待严格禁止非法猎捕行为。原麝生活习性方面的研究,为合理的保护和管理原麝提供了重要的基础信息。图1参9。     

基于C8051F单片机的发动机转速测量

介绍了一种基于C8051F单片机的发动机转速实时测量方法,给出了测量系统的实现技术和硬件结构,并进行了软件设计及实验。该方法在实际测量中取得了良好的效果,为发动机动力性能研究提供了重要的参考依据。     

Response of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to mulching practices under planted greenhouse condition

Mulch is considered a desirable management technology for conserving soil moisture, improving soil temperature and soil quality. This study aimed to investigate soil conditions and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) performance in terms of leaf photosynthetic capacity, fruit yield and quality, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under such practices in greenhouse condition. A field experiment across 3 years was carried out with four types of mulch (without mulch [CK], wheat straw mulch [SM], plastic film mulch [FM], and combined mulch with plastic film and wheat straw [CM]). Mulch could improve soil physical properties regardless of mulch materials. FM and CM treatments improved soil moistures status and soil temperature in comparison to CK control, while SM increased soil water content and decreased soil temperature. Mulch increased leaf net photosynthesis rate (P_N), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (E), but declined instant water use efficiency (WUEi). No significant effect of mulch application on chlorophyll fluorescence was existent for the entire growth season. Fruit yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) showed some increment under all the mulch conditions. Compared to CK, the yield was enhanced by 82.3%, 65.0%, and 111.5% in 2008; 38.1%, 17.4%, and 46.5% in 2009; and 14.3%, 6.5%, and 19.6% in 2010 under SM, FM, and CM conditions, respectively. Although FM produced better fruit quality than other treatments, CM is the recommended practice for hot pepper cultivation in greenhouse condition due to working well to facilitate soil condition (moisture and temperature), plant growth, and marketable yield.     

二氧化碳输送管道关键技术研究现状

碳捕集与封存作为减少温室气体排放的重要手段成为全球研究热点，管道运输是该技术得以实施的关键环节。当CO2处于超临界或密相状态时，其具有液体的密度、气体的粘性和压缩性，对于管道运输是最有效率的。由于管输CO2的特殊性质，CO2输送管道与碳氢化合物输送管道存在不同；由于海洋环境的复杂性，CO2海上输送管道与陆地输送管道存在不同。系统总结了实现CO2管道输送需要解决的关键技术问题，着重介绍了CO2输送管道流动保障和延性断裂扩展领域的研究进展，指出CCS作为大规模减少温室气体排放的重要选项，开展与之相关的基础研究十分迫切。（图3，参44）     

气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定电子废弃物处理场地底泥中的四溴双酚-A

通过优化分析仪器的条件设置，建立了使用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器技术分析四溴双酚-A（TBBP—A）的仪器分析方法。样品采用正己烷索氏提取、硅胶柱分离纯化、外标法定量，结果表明，测定方法在测量范围内具有良好的线性关系，测定的平均回收率为86．8％，检出限为5．0ng／ml，相对标准偏差为3．26％～8．77％：     

钢板仓储粮害虫陷阱诱捕技术研究

采用ＧＪ８９型良虫陷阱检测器对钢板仓害虫物种分布组成及主要害虫书虱和螨类在不同储藏期各部位的分布进行了调查研究。结果表明：３～４月仓库昆虫物种组成简单，为书虱和长角谷盗两种，分别占捕获总虫量的９９．５％及０．５％；８月份仓库昆虫７种，主要种类是书虱和螨类，分别占捕儿总量的６１．９％和３８％，次要害虫种类有赤拟谷盗、长角谷盗、玉米象、谷蠹及花斑皮蠹。不同储藏期、不同粮层、不同方向害虫分布存在差异。调