牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)抗原捕获ELISA检测方法的建立

用牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)单克隆抗体包被酶标板,以兔多克隆抗体作为夹心抗体,建立BVDV抗原捕获ELISA(AC-ELISA)检测方法,优化反应条件并对该方法的稳定性等指标进行了测试和评价。结果表明,单抗最佳包被质量浓度为5μg/mL,兔多抗血清最佳质量浓度为10μg/mL;单抗在4℃包被12~24 h,多抗在37℃作用1 h为双抗体的最佳反应条件;酶标抗体最适稀释度1∶10000,最适作用时间为1 h;采用1%BSA和1%明胶分别在抗体包被后和加入待检抗原反应后进行两次封闭效果好。用AC-ELISA方法检测临床采集的11份牛腹泻病料和12份健康牛组织样品,同时以病毒分离和RT-PCR检测方法做对比,3种方法符合率很高。研究表明AC-ELISA方法稳定性好,可用于BVDV的临床快速检测。     

GC-μECD法快速检测猪肉地西泮残留

[目的]利用气相色谱-微电子捕获（GC-μECD）检测法,快速检测猪肉中地西泮残留,为该类药物在动物性食品检测提供参考。[方法]首先用乙腈超声提取猪肉中的地西泮,C18固相萃取柱净化,利用GC-μECD法进行残留检测,外标法定量。[结果]在1-1000μg/L范围内药物色谱峰面积与浓度线性关系良好,相关系数达到0.9994。对空白猪肉进行1-50μg／kg范围的药物添加回收试验,平均回收率为83.5％-94.9％,日内变异系数为2.4％-8.1％,日间变异系数为3.9％-6.4％。检出限为0.31μ/kg,定量限为1μg/kg。[结论]该方法简便、快速,稳定性好,灵敏度高,线性范围广,适用于猪肉中地西泮的残留检测。     

新区背景下舟山捕捞渔业转型升级战略研究

2011年6月30日国务院批复设立浙江舟山群岛新区后,舟山捕捞渔业如何实现新的更好的发展,发挥好在新区建设中的独特优势和作用,继续为全国海洋渔业发展做出开创性贡献,成为新的历史时期的重大而现实课题。本文从舟山捕捞渔业一个时期以来的发展变化入手,分析了在群岛新区建设背景下推进捕捞渔业转型升级的背景和意义,并提出了实施捕捞渔船现代化、捕捞渔业集群化、捕捞渔业多样化、捕捞渔业低碳化、捕捞渔业法人化、捕捞渔业品质化、捕捞渔业综合化等"七化"工程为载体的舟山捕捞渔业转型升级工作重点。     

Density and carrying capacity in the forgotten tigerland: Tigers in the understudied Nepalese Churia

While there are numerous wildlife ecology studies in lowland areas of Nepal, there are no in‐depth studies of the hilly Churia habitat even though it comprises 7642 km² of potential wildlife habitat across the Terai Arc. We investigated tiger, leopard and prey densities across this understudied habitat. Our camera trapping survey covered 536 km² of Churia and surrounding areas within Chitwan National Park (CNP). We used 161 trapping locations and accumulated 2097 trap‐nights in a 60‐day survey period during the winter season of 2010–2011. In addition, we walked 136 km over 81 different line transects using distance sampling to estimate prey density. We photographed 31 individual tigers, 28 individual leopards and 25 other mammalian species. Spatial capture–recapture methods resulted in lower density estimates for tigers, ranging from 2.3 to 2.9 tigers per 100 km², than for leopards, which ranged from 3.3 to 5.1 leopards per 100 km². In addition, leopard densities were higher in the core of the Churia compared to surrounding areas. We estimated 62.7 prey animals per 100 km² with forest ungulate prey (sambar, chital, barking deer and wild pig), accounting for 47% of the total. Based on prey availability, Churia habitat within CNP could potentially support 5.86 tigers per 100 km² but our density estimates were lower, perhaps indicating that the tiger population is below carrying capacity. Our results demonstrate that Churia habitat should not be ignored in conservation initiatives, but rather management efforts should focus on reducing human disturbance to support higher predator numbers.     

An improved rotor side control strategy of double fedwind turbine generation system

Based on a on site wind turbine’s output active power vs. generator speed curve, the shortage of conventional power control strategies of doubly fed wind turbine generation system are analyzed. Considering the generator speed restriction and active power fast track control requirement, the power decoupling control strategy in the rotor side converter and variable pitch control strategy are improved, that is, an output mechanical torque of wind turbine and the generator speed of DFIG are used in the rotor side active power control loop in order to achieve an accurate optimal speed control, as well as a direct active power control method is also adopted in the variable pitch control strategy. Finally, the overall operational performances of DFIG wind turbine generation system using the proposed control strategies are simulated, and also compared with the conventional control strategies. The results show that the improved control strategy is more valid and correct.     

Use of haloperidol and azaperone for stress control in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) captured by means of drive-nets

The physical capture of wild ungulates is performed for different purposes when anaesthesia in field conditions is not possible or advisable. The use of tranquilizers may contribute to improved welfare of captured animals. We studied the effect of haloperidol and azaperone on the stress response of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) through the study of physiological, haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Thirty one roe deer were drive-net captured and randomly injected with haloperidol (0.30 ± 0.04 mg/kg IM; n = 13), azaperone (0.43 ± 0.07 mg/kg IM; n = 11) or saline (0.5 mL IM; n = 7), and restrained for 3 h. The interindividual variability of heart rate was lower in the treated deer, suggesting a calming effect, and erythrocyte and biochemical parameters indicated vasodilation, splenic sequestration, hemodilution, improvement of renal perfusion and a protective effect on muscle. These results support the suitability of using either azaperone or haloperidol in capture operations of roe deer, in order to reduce stress and prevent its adverse effects.     

浙江南部外海刺鲳资源合理利用的初步研究

根据2006年5月-2007年2月在浙江南部外海进行的4个季节底拖网渔业资源调查资料,利用FiSATⅡ软件估算了刺鲳的生长参数,分析了捕捞死亡系数（F）和开捕年龄（t）c的变化对刺鲳单位补充量（Y/R）所产生的影响。应用Beverton-Holt单位补充量渔获量方程估算刺鲳的最适开捕年龄,运用von Bertalanffy生长方程估算最适开捕叉长,结合刺鲳的生长拐点叉长、临界叉长和最小性成熟叉长确定开捕规格,最终对刺鲳资源的合理利用进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明：浙江南部外海刺鲳的生长参数为：L∞=192mm,K=0.69,t0=-0.67。开发率E达到0.8,已属于重度超额开发。根据研究结果,提出开捕规格宜定在150mm,相应年龄为1.5a,同时将F逐步降至2.0左右,此时YW/R为157.1g,比现行渔业产量增加59.5%。     

Rapid,non-destructive carbon analysis of forest soils using neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy

Forest soils are pivotal to understanding global carbon (C) cycling and evaluating policies for mitigating global change. However, they are very difficult to monitor because of the heterogeneity of soil characteristics, the difficulty of representative sampling, and the slow time scale of response to environmental change. Here we demonstrate that use of gamma-ray spectroscopy facilitates in situ non-destructive analysis of C and other elements in forest soils. In this approach the element-specific gamma-rays are induced by fast and thermal neutrons interacting with the nuclei of the elements present in the soil. Background gamma-rays emanating from naturally occurring radionuclides in the forest are recorded as well. We applied this approach in a mature northern hardwood forest on glacial till soils at the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. The inelastic neutron scattering (INS) system yielded strong signals in gamma-ray counts/h, from C and other elements present in the soil matrix that included silicon, oxygen, hydrogen, iron, aluminum, manganese and potassium. The INS sensitivity for carbon was 20.656 counts h⁻¹ kg⁻¹ C m⁻² based on current net C gamma-ray counts and the data for the O horizon and mineral soil to a depth of 30 cm obtained from a nearby quantitative soil pit (7.35 kg C m⁻²). We estimate the minimum detectable change to be ∼0.34 kg C m⁻², which is ∼5% of the current soil C content, and the minimum detectable limit to be ∼0.23 kg C m⁻². Eight % reproducibility from 11 measurements was limited, in part, by the large variability in the system counting geometry due to the uneven forest microtopography. The INS approach has the potential to revolutionize belowground monitoring of C and other elements, because the possibility of detecting a 5% change in forest soils has not been possible with destructive sampling methods.     

基于边沿捕获的IRIG—B（DC）码解码的研究与应用

通过研究IRIG—B（DC）iLt3原理,提出了基于定时器脉冲边沿捕获技术来实现IRIG—B（DC）码解码的新方法,并选用STM8S103芯片完成了IRIG—B（DC）码解码器的设计。功能仿真和实际测试表明该设计方法是一种解决自动化系统IRIG—B码解码对时的有效方案。目前,该设计已经成功应用于某变电站中的GPS＆IRIG—B（DC）对时系统。     

利用免疫磁性分离–PCR检测安祖花细菌性枯萎病病原菌

 根据地毯草黄单胞菌花叶万年青致病变种（Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae）的RAPD序列设计特异性引物,并对羧基化磁珠的结合性能进行检验,从而建立和优化了免疫磁性分离–PCR体系,对安祖花细菌性枯萎病进行早期检测。结果表明：1 mg磁珠对多克隆抗体最大吸附值为0.268 mg,进行免疫磁性捕获时免疫磁珠的最佳浓度是0.566 ~ 0.741 mg ?mL^-1。免疫磁性分离–PCR可以减少PCR反应中的抑制物质,对X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae的检测灵敏度可以达到10 ~ 100 cfu ?mL^-1,比常规PCR检测灵敏至少100倍。