Effects of alprazolam on capture stress-related serum cortisol responses in Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alprazolam on the stress that Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) may experience while caught in a live trap by measuring their serum cortisol response. The animals were placed in a live trap with or without being pretreated with oral doses of alprazolam. In both groups, pre-trap blood samples were initially collected without anesthesia before the animals were positioned in the live trap; then post-trap blood samples were collected after the animals had remained in the live trap for 2 h. Changes in cortisol levels were observed using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. The level of cortisol increased in the control group and decreased in the alprazolam-pretreatment group (p < 0.05). In this study, we demonstrated that alprazolam pretreatment reduced stress during live trap capture.     

Arthropod Demography,Distribution, and Dispersion in a Novel Trap-Cropped Cotton Agroecosystem

Vernonia [Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less.] (Asterales: Asteraceae) was examined as a potential trap crop for the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvales: Malvaceae) arthropod complex. Four rows of vernonia were embedded within a 96-row cotton field. The abundance of true bug pests, true bug predators, and spiders were determined by whole-plant and sweep net sampling procedures during the early, middle, and late phases of the cotton-growing season. The census data showed that the arthropods had a strong preference for the vernonia trap crop throughout the cotton-growing season. The movement of the arthropods from the trap crop into cotton was also measured using the protein immunomarking technique as a mark–capture procedure. The arthropods inhabiting the vernonia trap crop were marked directly in the field with a broadcast spray application of egg albumin (protein) during each phase of the study. In turn, the captured specimens were examined for the presence of the mark by an egg albumin-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Very few marked specimens were captured beyond the vernonia trap crop 1, 3, and 6 d after each marking event. The arthropods’ strong attraction and fidelity to vernonia indicate that it could serve as a trap crop for cotton pests and a refuge for natural enemies.     

近海捕贝作业平台技术经济论证模型及应用

为了辅助一种近海捕贝作业平台的方案决策,使其达到较佳经济效果,以解决近海扇贝养殖捕捞生产中的能耗大、劳动强度高、捕捞效率低以及捕捞效果差的问题,该文根据给定的营运条件、捕捞能力和贝类资源情况,对其进行了技术经济论证研究。选取捕贝平台的拖网主机功率、平台跨距、平台锚次横移时间、平台总建造成本、平台拖网速度作为论证的参数,以单位面积捕捞油耗、单位捕捞成本、捕捞效率为经济评价指标,建立了近海捕贝作业平台技术经济论证模型。基于该模型利用比较论证方法对渔船捕捞方式与捕贝作业平台捕捞方式进行了经济性计算,然后对选取的技术经济参数进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:当平台拖网主机功率400~470 k W、平台跨距0.5~3.0 km、平台锚次横移时间2.0 h以下、平台捕捞拖网速度1.4 kn以上、平台总建造成本低于2750万元时,平台捕捞方案比渔船捕捞方案具有明显的优势。实例计算证明,利用该文提出的技术经济论证模型,通过比较分析论证方法,可得到捕捞作业平台的技术参数范围,为新型近海捕贝作业平台的技术参数设计与实施提供参考。     

基于植物功能-结构模型的玉米-大豆条带间作光截获行间差异研究

间作种植形成了异质冠层空间结构,但因此导致的作物生长、表型和光截获的行间差异目前还少有定量化。为解析条带间作生产力的行间差异,本研究基于田间观测数据构建植物功能-结构模型（Functional-Structural Plant Model,FSPM）,量化间作系统中光截获的行间差异。于2017—2018年开展了玉米和大豆单作、2行玉米和2行大豆的2:2 MS间作以及3行玉米和6行大豆的3:6 MS间作田间试验。基于植物生长平台GroIMP开发了玉米-大豆间作的FSPM,模型较好地模拟了叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index,LAI）、株高和光截获系数动态三个指标,均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）分别为0.24～0.70 m²/m²、0.06～0.17 m和0.06～0.10。田间试验结果表明,间作种植显著增加了玉米节间直径。受玉米遮阴影响,大豆节间变长、变细,且随大豆条带变窄差异越明显。模型模拟的2:2 MS间作玉米光截获比单作玉米高35.6%,3:6 MS边行玉米和内行玉米的光截获分别比单作玉米高27.8%和20.3%。2:2 MS与3:6 MS边行大豆的光截获比单作大豆分别少36.0%和28.8%;3:6 MS大豆内I行和内II行比单作大豆的光截获分别少4.1%和1.8%。基于三维FSPM,未来可进行不同生长环境下间作种植模式等的布局优化,以达到最佳系统光截获优势。     

Elite capture,the “follow-up checks” policy,and the targeted poverty alleviation program: Evidence from rural western China

Decentralized methods for targeting poverty are widely adopted in developing countries to improve the performance of various poverty alleviation programs. A common challenge for implementing successful decentralized targeting is the existence of elite capture. China has recently implemented a nationwide decentralized poverty targeting program, the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA) policy, to achieve the national goal of eliminating absolute poverty by the end of 2020. As the largest decentralized poverty targeting program in the world, TPA's successful implementation was believed to be threatened by elite capture in some earlier reports. Since 2015, a targeting correction mechanism, called "follow-up checks" policy, has been introduced. With the "follow-up checks" policy, the elites and other ineligible households who receive benefits under TPA were removed from the program. This paper investigates the elite capture phenomenon in TPA using village census data from a poverty-stricken county in 2017-two years after implementing the "follow-up checks" policy. We find no evidence of elite capture in TPA. The elites are unlikely to become beneficiaries or receive more benefits than non-elites. Our results contradict earlier findings that reported elite capture in TPA. We argue that the reason is the accountability emphasized by the central government in the "follow-up checks" policy. Our findings imply that having proper accountability is critical for improving targeting performance by global antipoverty initiatives.     

基于底层冷海水的船载扇贝保鲜系统设计及性能试验

该文针对船载扇贝的保鲜问题,调查了黄海冷水团在獐子岛集团股份有限公司确权海域的变化,提出了利用养殖海域底层海水保鲜虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)的方式。通过对捕贝作业船保鲜方式的研究,设计了底层冷海水提取系统,并进行了实船改造试验得出以下结论:提取底层冷海水保鲜可使捕捞上来的虾夷扇贝更接近其长期生存的海底环境,减少温度及盐度波动对虾夷扇贝鲜活度的影响,使扇贝缩边及死亡率显著降低;同时底层海水提取系统具有投资小、改造容易及耗能低等优势,改造费用仅为安装制冷机组费用的1/6,耗能仅为制冷装置的1/24,对于受舱室限制而无法安装制冷机组的扇贝采捕船,可以在不占用大量空间的前提下进行改造,对于扇贝运输船可以利用冷水团对扇贝进行保鲜,可大量减少耗能,提高虾夷扇贝鲜活度,符合绿色环保企业发展需求。     

激光捕获显微切割技术的研究进展

介绍了激光捕获显微切割系统（LCM）的原理、发展历程和主要应用,并对目前利用LCM技术存在的瓶颈作了分析和展望。     

植物粟对模拟封存CO2泄漏的生理响应

碳捕集与封存（Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS）技术是近年来迅速发展的温室气体减排措施,是以煤为主的中国重要的战略性减排技术之一,减排量巨大。但是,CCS发展备受争议,其泄漏有可能会对周围生态系统尤其是结构单一的农田生态系统造成严重影响。本研究以北方地区主要粮食作物粟为试验对象,自主设计模拟地质封存CO₂泄漏盆栽试验,通过对植物生育期SPAD（叶绿素相对含量）、株高、根系以及产量、穗部特征等指标的观测,分析粟对CCS泄漏的响应。结果表明：（1）受CCS泄漏的影响,植物粟SPAD值显著降低,植株叶片叶绿素含量极显著下降（P＜0.01）。（2）CCS泄漏发生30d后粟的株高显著下降,根分支显著增加,植株受泄漏影响明显。（3）CCS泄漏显著降低了植株地上部干重和鲜重,但是泄漏对地下部鲜重无显著影响,地下部干重较地上部降幅偏小。（4）CCS泄漏影响下,植株粟产量下降34.92%。此外,CCS泄漏下植株穗长、穗粗、总粒重等农艺性状下降显著。     

Ontogenetic development of attack behaviour by turbot larvae when exposed to copepod prey

Identification of fish larval behavioural traits permitting capture of specific live prey sizes is an important part of optimizing production of marine larvae. We investigated the capture success of turbot larvae (Scophthalmus maximus) at two development stages, 8 and 10 days post‐hatch (DPH), when offered small nauplii (129–202 μm), large nauplii (222–278 μm) and copepodites (342–542 μm), of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. At 8 DPH, turbot larvae had the highest capture success (67%) when offered small nauplii, with a lower capture success of large nauplii (27%) but totally lacked the capabilities to capture copepodites. At DPH 10, the larvae increased the capture success of large nauplii (47%) and achieved a few successful attacks on copepodites. Energetically, large nauplii were the most beneficial at both larval development stages. The swimming kinematics of the period prior to a strike by the larva on the copepod was examined, and the approach pattern of the larva was identified as a controlling mechanism for their strike distance, with the initial approach speed of larva at DPH 10 being significantly less than at DPH 8. In all successful attacks, the strike distance was less than 1.17 mm and was significantly lower than unsuccessful attacks. Since the approach pattern of the larva is linked to its capture success, it could be used as the basis for a feeding scheme based on the swimming performance of individual batches of turbot larvae.     

基于计算机视觉的鱼苗自动计数系统研究

为了在鱼苗的饲养、运输和销售过程中对一定数量或批量的幼苗进行精确计数,提出了一种基于计算机视觉的鱼苗自动计数系统。利用流体力学中伯努利原理(Bernoulli principle)设计了一个稳定流速的稳流水箱,使鱼苗和水一起以平稳恒定的速度流过过流计数箱体的拍摄区;使用电荷耦合元件(CCD)高速摄像头以与水流速度成比例的帧速采集图像,并传送给计算机进行图像处理;对图像进行阈值分割和目标提取后,计算出每帧图像中不重叠区域的幼苗数量,累加求得幼苗总量。结果表明,该系统计数的相对误差在15%以内,具有较高的精度。该研究不仅解决了目标粘连、连续计数和重复计数的问题,还可推广到虾苗、蟹苗等生物幼苗计数,具有通用性强、可行性好、推广范围大的特点。