圆背角无齿蚌损伤后血细胞的吞噬活性

模拟人工育珠手术对圆背角无齿蚌外套膜进行务后，研究了其血细胞在０～２５ｄ对荧光极毛杆菌的吞噬活性的变化。结果发现，圆背角无齿蚌４种血细胞中有吞噬能力的主要是颗粒细胞和无颗粒细胞。手术蚌血细胞的吞噬活性从手术后１０天起有了显著升高，在第２０天时达到最大，而后开始下降；血清对手术蚌和对照蚌血细胞的吞噬都具有调理作用。     

斐济金棕叶斑病菌鉴定及生物学特性

斐济金棕（Pritchardia pacifica Seem.&;H.Wendl.）叶斑病主要发生在叶片。初期症状为病斑呈水渍状褪绿,后期病斑中央灰白色,病斑边缘有黄色晕圈。对斐济金棕叶斑病病菌进行形态学观察和生物学特性的测定结果表明：斐济金棕叶斑病菌鉴定为卵形弯孢［Curvularia ovoidea (Hiroe &; Watan.) Muntanola］,菌丝生长适宜温度20～35 ℃,适宜pH5～6;分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为25～40 ℃;最适碳源为麦芽糖;最适氮源为硝酸钠;分生孢子的致死温度为55 ℃。     

Application of acoustic Doppler current profiler combined with a scientific echo sounder for krill Euphausia pacifica density estimation

ABSTRACT:   An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively.     

圆背角无齿蚌寄生变态发育的初步观察

对圆背角无齿蚌的钩介幼虫寄生变态及稚贝发育过程进行了形态学观察和比较。实验表明:在水温(19.0±1.0)℃时,钩介幼虫需要约13天的寄生变态才能从鱼体脱落。圆背角无齿蚌在变态发育过程中其外部形态、内部器官、营养源发生了较大变化:成熟的钩介幼虫仅仅可以作简单的双壳开合运动;刚脱落的稚贝外部形态与幼虫相似,但已经可以依靠斧足进行爬行,并逐渐开始滤食;稚贝经过一段时间的生长,从幼虫壳内侧长出一对新壳,形态逐渐趋向于成贝,而幼虫壳则逐渐退化为壳顶。因此,圆背角无齿蚌的变态发育包括两个明显的阶段:第一阶段为寄生变态期;第二阶段为贝壳分泌期。     

太平洋双色鳗鲡肌肉营养成分分析与评价

测定并分析了太平洋双色鳗鲡(Anguilla bicolor pacifica）肌肉中营养成分组成与质量分数。结果显示院太 平洋双色鳗鲡肌肉中含62.56%、蛋白质15.85%;肌肉中测出氨基酸17 种(未测色氨酸）,总量为36.33%(干样）,其中 包括人体必需氨基酸总量(EAA）7 种,总量为13.99%(干样）,必需氨基酸组成基本符合FAO/WHO 评分标准,太平洋 双色鳗鲡的限制性氨基酸为(蛋氨酸+胱氨酸）和缬氨酸,其必需氨基酸指数(EAAI）为78.26,5 种鲜味氨基酸(DAA） 总量为16.58%(干样）;脂肪酸中单不饱和脂肪酸占44.41%,多不饱和脂肪酸占16.70%,其中EPA+DHA 的占 7.33%。该结果表明,太平洋双色鳗鲡具有较高的使用价值与保健作用。     

投喂圆背角无齿蚌对中华绒螯蟹生长及肌肉、肝脏中氨基酸的影响

将中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis(简称河蟹)随机分成两组,分别放养于4 m×4 m×2 m的网箱中,每箱放养量为0.75只/m3。每组设3个重复。A组体重为(59.26±13.84)g,投喂鲜活的圆背角无齿蚌(去壳重)(60%) 配合饲料(40%);B组体重为(65.08±13.84)g,全部投喂配合饲料。每天的投喂量均为河蟹体重的10%左右。经养殖45 d后,测量河蟹体重,并用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)对两组河蟹肌肉和肝脏中氨基酸的含量进行分析。结果表明,两组河蟹增重率分别93%、82%,A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);两组河蟹肌肉、肝脏中氨基酸的组成基本相同,均检出21种氨基酸及其衍生物,但A组河蟹肌肉、肝脏中的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量均明显高于B组。投喂新鲜的圆背角无齿蚌对河蟹生长具有一定的促进作用,且能明显提高河蟹可食部分的氨基酸及风味物质的含量。     

Seasonal and interannual variations in abundance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphausia pacifica</Emphasis> off north-eastern Japan

ABSTRACT:   Seasonal and interannual variations in abundance of Euphausia pacifica off north-eastern Japan were examined using Remodeled Norpac net samples collected from April 1993 to February 2000. Spawning occurred mainly during April–June and August–October in every year. When abundance of eggs was high in May, those of larval and immature stages in May–June and small adults (≤15 mm) during July–October tended to be high. There were high positive correlations between monthly average abundance of eggs in May–June and average abundance of small adults during July–October. However, there was low or negative correlation between monthly abundance of eggs in April and average abundance of small adults during July–October. Recruitment time to adult takes approximately 3 months, so these results suggest that small adults during July–October are mainly derived from spawning in May–June, but rarely from spawning in April. The apparent decrease in abundance of small adults from summer to winter was observed every year despite active spawning during August–October, which would recruit to adults in late autumn–winter. The possible effects on recruitment and mortality are discussed in relation to starvation and predation caused by low temperatures and low available food abundance.     

Biomass and production of the euphausiid Euphausia pacifica along the coastal waters off north-eastern Japan

ABSTRACT:   Biomass and production of Euphausia pacifica off south-eastern Hokkaido (41–43°N), Sanriku (38–41°N), and Joban (36–38°N) were investigated every two months from March 1997 to February 1998. High biomass was found in summer–autumn off south-eastern Hokkaido, and in the late winter–early summer off Sanriku and Joban. Annual mean biomass was 381, 314 and 258 mg C/m² off south-eastern Hokkaido, Sanriku, and Joban, respectively. The total production (sum of flesh, moults and eggs) during the survey period off south-eastern Hokkaido (3829 mg C/m²) was comparable with that off Sanriku (3872 mg C/m²); both were much higher than that off Joban (2243 mg C/m²). Somatic production during the survey period contributed the highest proportion (51.5–70.9%) to the total production in each coastal area. The somatic production–biomass ratio in each coastal area (5.2–6.9) was an intermediate value among 25 populations of 16 euphausiid species previously reported. This effect resulted from the negative factor of stagnated growth of adults during summer–winter, coupled with positive factors including continuous occurrence of larvae which show high growth rate throughout the year off Sanriku and Joban, and the numerous larvae occurring in October off south-eastern Hokkaido.     

Chemical composition of dried eyeballs from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphausia superba</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphausia pacifica</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   Dried krill eyeballs were obtained from Euphausia superba and Euphausia pacifica by using a patented industry method and their chemical compositions were examined. Crude protein content was 77.7% and 80.8% of the dry matter of E. superba and E. pacifica , respectively. The dominating amino acids in both krill were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, arginine, leucine and tyrosine. Crude fat content was 10.9% and 5.4% of dry matter of E. superba and E. pacifica , respectively. The main lipid class of the extracted lipids was phospholipids at 88.5% in E. superba and 96.4% in E. pacifica . The dominating fatty acids in both krill were 22:6 ( n- 3), 20:5 ( n- 3), 16:0 and 18:1 ( n- 9). Astaxanthin (3, 3'-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4, 4'-dione) content of E. superba and E. pacifica was 566 mg/100 g and 252 mg/100 g of dry matter, respectively. Retinol of E. superba and E. pacifica was 153.0 mg/100 g (510 000 IU/100 g) and 57.6 mg/100 g (192 000 IU/100 g) of dry matter, respectively. The lipophilic extract of E. superba by using n -hexane contained 1923 mg/100 g of astaxanthin at approximately four times higher than the dried eyeballs.