卵磷脂桶混助剂的特性及其在防治稻飞虱中对氟啶虫胺腈的协同增效作用

为明确新型卵磷脂类桶混助剂“融透”的特性，采用透射电镜和激光粒度分析仪表征了其物理性质，并通过室内生物测定和田间药效试验测定了其在防治稻飞虱中对氟啶虫胺腈的协同增效作用。结果表明，“融透”中含有圆形脂质体，Z平均粒径为129.5 nm。室内生物测定结果表明，“融透”可使氟啶虫胺腈对褐飞虱的毒力增加1.67倍。田间药效试验表明，“融透”可使氟啶虫胺腈对稻飞虱的防效提高9.04%~41.77%；当氟啶虫胺腈减量40%时，添加“融透”的处理对稻飞虱的防效与未添加“融透”的常量组相当。研究结果表明，卵磷脂桶混助剂“融透”可以通过形成脂质体提高药剂的利用率，从而达到增效的作用。     

鸡大肠杆菌病中草药佐剂多价灭活苗的研制——Ⅰ、疫苗生产工艺

采用鸡大肠杆菌多发病型菌株以及地方病型菌株作为制苗用菌种，保证了疫苗既具有一定的广谱性，又具有一定的特异性；采用液体通气培养方法，在一定程度上提高了菌数；采用中草药蜂胶作为佐剂不但可有效地提高机体的免疫功能，同时兼具有治疗，保健和促生长作用，另外蜂胶还可以增大抗原表面积，延长抗原在组织的贮存时间，可持久地释放抗原，保证了机体持续产生高效价抗体。     

黄芪多糖佐剂对鸡禽流感-新城疫重组二联苗免疫效果的影响

将1日龄健康罗曼雏鸡80只随机分为4组,每组20只。分别于1日龄皮下注射生理盐水以及不同剂量的黄芪多糖,连续7d,于7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56日龄采血,检测AI和ND抗体效价,探讨黄芪多糖的免疫佐剂效果。试验结果表明,各组黄芪多糖均能提高AI—HI和ND-HI抗体效价。其中中剂量组抗体高峰期持续时间长。免疫后期有较高延长抗体存在的趋势,具有较好的免疫辅助效果。     

木鳖子不同皂甙组分免疫佐剂作用的研究

本实验用OVA作为抗原,木鳖子粗皂甙及其经硅胶G分离得到的5个组分（A、B、C、D和E）作为佐剂,免疫ICR雌性小鼠,测定各试验组小鼠抗体效价及抗体亚类。结果表明各组分均有佐剂作用,其活性随流出顺序（A→B→C→D→E）呈递增趋势。     

盘尾丝虫ASP1蛋白佐剂活性区不同标签融合表达与佐剂活性比较

为了探明纯化标签对盘尾丝虫活化相关分泌蛋白1(activation-associated secreted protein 1,ASP1)佐剂活性的影响,将其佐剂活性区PR-1编码序列分别与类弹性蛋白多肽(elastin-like polypeptide,ELP)、ELK16自聚肽或His标签进行融合表达,用相变循环、离心洗涤和镍亲和层析进行融合蛋白纯化;将ELP与传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)VP2基因片段进行融合表达,用蛋白酶切除ELP标签后与不同标签融合PR-1免疫小鼠,两次免疫后不同时间采血分离血清,采用ELISA检测VP2特异IgG、IgG1和IgG2c滴度,用试剂盒检测免疫小鼠血清的IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10浓度。结果显示,ELP-PR1、ELK-PR1、His-PR1和ELP-VP2融合蛋白在重组大肠杆菌中均获得正确表达,纯化蛋白纯度大于90%;3种标签融合PR-1均能增强免疫小鼠的抗原特异IgG、IgG1和IgG2应答,并能刺激小鼠产生IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6或IL-10细胞因子。在3种PR-1融合蛋白中,ELP-PR1的佐剂活性最强,ELK-PR1与不完全弗氏佐剂相当。本研究探索了不同纯化标签对PR-1免疫佐剂活性的影响,为传染性法氏囊病新型亚单位疫苗佐剂研制提供思路。     

几种除草剂药液表面张力、叶面接触角与药效的相关性研究

在除草剂氟磺胺草醚、灭草松和精喹禾灵药液中添加不同浓度的喷雾助剂ABS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)和JFC ,以温室盆栽法测得各处理抑制杂草的效果,结果表明,在多数情况下添加喷雾助剂可使3种供试除草剂的药效显著提高。     

无人机施药对棉蚜的防治效果及经济效益分析

为探讨采用无人机防治新疆南部地区棉蚜的可行性并筛选防治效果好的杀虫剂及具有增效作用的杀虫剂助剂，研究了采用大疆MG-1S型无人机喷施不同的杀虫剂+助剂对棉蚜的防治效果，并对无人机飞防的经济效益进行了分析。结果表明:采用MG-1S型无人机喷施22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂(SC) 225 mL/hm2(制剂量，下同)时对棉蚜的防治效果最好，优于喷施70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂(WG) 30 g/hm2和70%啶虫咪WG 60 g/hm2。在添加助剂方面，以分别在70%啶虫脒WG 60g/hm2和70%吡虫啉WG 30g/hm2中添加15 mL/hm2的高工效通用助剂的防治效果最好，其次为聚合物类助剂和飞防增效剂；而在22%氟啶虫胺腈SC(150 mL/hm2)中，以添加150 mL/hm2的飞防增效剂的效果最好，其次为矿物源类、有机硅类和聚合物类助剂。采用无人机施药，在施药后3 d和5 d的防治效果与采用机械+人工拖管施药相比均无显著性差异，但无人机田间作业施药液量减少1/3，工作效率提高3倍，机械作业费减少60元/hm2，可满足现代农业高效、节药和降低成本的需要。     

Preparation of Adjuvant Diluent for Live Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever and Evaluation of its Immune Effects

The aim of this study was to develop a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as adjuvant diluents (AD) for live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that could effectively enhance the immune effect of vaccine.The AD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique.Formulations and preparation parameters were optimized with response surface design.Its stability, particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and Zeta potential were characterized.The humoral immune response and cellular immune response of the AD were evaluated with BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The particle size of the AD prepared by optimized formulation and parameters was 100.4 nm, PDI was 0.147, and Zeta potential was —28.7 mV.The experiment results showed that the AD had good stability.The AD was inoculated combined with live vaccine against CSF into BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The results showed that the live vaccine against CSF specific immune responses could be evoked in mice by co-inoculation with AD and vaccine.The cellular immune response levels in co-inoculated groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), with obvious phenomena of higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum.The result revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved with the AD.The results strongly revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved by introducing AD for effective immune-adjuvant for live vaccine against CSF.     

新型国产白油佐剂与进口Marcol-52白油佐剂配制疫苗的比较试验

The Newcastle disease inactivated vaccines were prepared with oil adjuvants respectively from domestic and import.The experiments were done in order to compare the new domestic oil and Marcol-52 according to a series of testing indexes. The results showed that the quality of the new domestic oil was better than Marcol-52, except the absorptive quality.     

细菌鞭毛蛋白作为佐剂的研究进展

细菌鞭毛蛋白作为Toll样受体5(TLR5)或NOD样受体C4(NLRC4)的配体,其结构决定了其既有抗原性又具有佐剂效应。将细菌鞭毛蛋白与外源抗原混合或融合表达,已获得多种有效的候选疫苗。细菌鞭毛蛋白佐剂效应主要是通过TLR5和NLRC4信号途径协同实现的。TLR5位于细胞表面,可触发炎性因子、趋化因子和Ⅰ型干扰素的分泌,启动天然免疫应答。NLRC4是细胞质中的模式识别受体,可识别细胞质中的多种配体并诱导相应免疫应答。另外,细菌鞭毛蛋白能募集T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞至次级淋巴器官,促进DCs和T淋巴细胞的活化。细菌鞭毛蛋白的可塑性将会使得以细菌鞭毛蛋白为基础的疫苗成为当前和未来研究的热点。