鸡卡氏杆菌的分子鉴定及其16S rRNA基因序列分析(英文)

Two strains of Gallibacterium, isolated from one laying hen flock in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, were identified by the morphological observation, genus-specific PCR, and analysis of 16S rRNA gene, which was used to generate the phylogenetic tree, with the 21 members of the 12 genera belonging to Pasteurellaceae to analyze the homology. Two strains were named Yu-ZZ-HL-I-SLG and Yu-ZZ-HL-II-GZ. The comparative result of the 16S rDNA sequence shows that the 2 isolated strains are identical in sequence; the highest identity (99.9%) was observed between the isolated strain and one of the strains of Gallibacterium anatis (AF228002), the homologies between the isolated strain and 3 strains of gallibacterium accessed in NCBI (AF228016, Gallibacterium genomosp.1, AF228017, Gallibacterium genomosp.2, AF228018, Gallibacterium genomosp.1) were above 97.1%, higher than that of the isolated strain and the other strains of the other 11 genera which were between 90.7%-93.2%. It can be seen from the phylogenetic tree that the 2 isolated strains and the other 4 strain of gallibacterium fell into the same branch, furthermore the 2 isolated strains and the strain of Gallibacterium anatis locate in an internal branch, indicating that the 2 isolated strains belong to Gallibacterium anatis.     

热应激对鸡免疫性能的影响

以绵羊红细胞(SRBC)作为抗原,根据鸡对其产生抗体水平的高低,分为高抗体(HA)组和低抗体(LA)组鸡,然后以高温作为激源,研究其对两组鸡免疫性能的影响。结果表明:1)在未受应激时,HA组和LA组鸡的淋巴细胞转化率无差异;LA组鸡白细胞总数明显比HA组鸡高(P<0.01);LA组鸡异嗜性细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(H/L)显著高于HA组鸡(P<0.05)。2)急性热应激使HA组鸡淋巴细胞的转化受到抑制,但对LA组鸡无影响;慢性热应激使两组鸡的淋巴细胞转化率都下降,但对LA组鸡影响更明显。3)慢性热应激对HA组鸡白细胞总数无影响,但使其H/L值明显升高;慢性热应激对LA组鸡的H/L值无明显影响,但却使其白细胞总数明显下降。     

育成蛋鸡大肠杆菌病的病理组织学观察

[目的]深入了解鸡大肠杆菌病的病理组织学变化.[方法]试验采用流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理剖检观察、实验室诊断和石蜡组织切片制作等方法对昌黎县某鸡场发生的一起蛋鸡以心包炎、肝周炎为主要特征的疾病进行诊断和病理组织学观察.[结果]试验分离到的病原菌为大肠杆菌;患病蛋鸡的病理组织学变化表现为:心脏呈心肌细胞变性、炎性细胞浸润;肝脏呈纤维素性肝周炎和坏死性肝炎;脾脏呈淋巴细胞减少、炎性细胞浸润;肺脏呈充血、淤血,肺房内存在红细胞;肾小球毛细血管透明变性;小肠粘膜上皮细胞脱落.[结论]该研究为鸡大肠杆菌病的诊断和防治提供了科学依据.     

锰源及锰水平对产蛋母鸡生理生化指标的影响

本试验采用 2× 3因子设计 ,将 14 4只 2 3周龄商品代罗曼产蛋母鸡随机分成 6组 ,每组 2 4只。共设 6种处理 ,每组试验鸡接受 1种处理 ,每 1处理设 3个重复。处理①、②、③分别按 0、6 0和 12 0mg/kg 3种锰水平在基础饲粮中添加硫酸锰 ,处理④、⑤和⑥则分别按 0、6 0和 12 0mg/kg 3种锰水平添加蛋氨酸锰 ,以研究不同锰源及锰水平对产蛋母鸡生理生化指标的影响。试验期 10 5d。结果表明 :饲粮中无论添加硫酸锰还是蛋氨酸锰 ,随着饲粮锰水平的提高 ,蛋壳和蛋内容物中锰含量均随之提高 ,且蛋壳中锰含量高于蛋内容物。不同锰水平对血液和肌肉中锰含量以及血清中Mn SOD活性均无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而且在同一锰水平下 ,不同锰源间差异亦不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。不同锰水平对胫骨中锰含量影响显著 ,饲粮中添加硫酸锰 ,当锰添加水平从 0提高到 12 0mg/kg时 ,胫骨中锰含量显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而饲粮中添加蛋氨酸锰 ,当锰添加水平从 0提高到 6 0mg/kg时 ,即可显著提高胫骨中锰含量 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

热应激对鸡免疫性能的影响

以绵羊红细胞(SRBC)作为抗原,根据鸡对其产生抗体水平的高低,分为高抗体(HA)组和低抗体(LA)组鸡,然后以高温作为激源,研究其对两组鸡免疫性能的影响。结果表明: 1)在未受应激时,HA组和LA组鸡的淋巴细胞转化率无差异;LA组鸡白细胞总数明显比HA组鸡高(P<0.01);LA组鸡异嗜性细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(H/L)显著高于HA组鸡(P<0.05)。 2)急性热应激使HA组鸡淋巴细胞的转化受到抑制,但对LA组鸡无影响;慢性热应激使两组鸡的淋巴细胞转化率都下降,但对LA组鸡影响更明显。 3)慢性热应激对HA组鸡白细胞总数无影响,但使其H/L值明显升高;慢性热应激对LA组鸡的H/L值无明显影响,但却使其白细胞总数明显下降。     

Expression of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in chicken ovary: potential role in ovarian steroidogenesis

Adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) mRNAs are expressed in various chicken tissues including ovary. However, the cellular expression and the role of adiponectin system have never been investigated in chicken ovary. Here, we have shown that the level of adiponectin mRNA is about 10- to 30-fold higher (p < 0.001) in theca cells than in granulosa cells from each hierarchical yellow follicle studied (F4–F1). In contrast, the level of AdipoR1 mRNA expression was about two-fold lower in theca cells than in granulosa cells (p < 0.05) whereas those of AdipoR2 was similar in both ovarian cells. Whereas expression of adiponectin mRNA increased with follicular differentiation in theca cells, it decreased in granulosa cells. In contrast, mRNA expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in both theca and granulosa cells remained stable during yellow follicle development. To determine whether adiponectin is involved in the ovarian steroidogenesis, LH (100 ng/ml)-, FSH (100 ng/ml)- and IGF-1 (100 ng/ml)-induced progesterone production was measured in absence or presence of human recombinant adiponectin (10 μg/ml) for 36 h in cultured granulosa cells from F1, F2 and mixed F3 and F4 follicles. In absence of LH, FSH and IGF-1, adiponectin treatment had no effects on progesterone production whatever vitollegenic follicle studied. However, it increased by about two-fold IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion in F2 and F3/4 follicles whereas it halved progesterone production in response to gonadotropins (LH and FSH) in F3/4 follicles. Thus, in chicken, adiponectin, mainly expressed in theca cells, could exert paracrine or autocrine effect on the ovarian steroidogenesis.     

鸡基底前脑胆碱能皮质投射神经元区的ChAT样免疫反应神经元

应用免疫组织化学SP法，对5只产蛋高峰期鸡基底前脑胆碱能皮质投射神经元区的ChAT样免疫反应神经元的分布特征进行了研究，结果发现，从内侧隔核至Meyner基底核，ChAT样免疫反应神经元呈连续性分布，且各区神经元的密度，大小及着色强度不均。MS、NDBV／H及旧纹体膨大部的阳性细胞分布密集，且突起较明显；原始旧纹体部阳性细胞分布稀疏，突起明显。结果表明，在鸡的基底前脑胆碱能皮质投射神经元区广泛分布着ChAT样免疫反应神经元，这为鸡的基底前脑－海马投射系统积累了资料，表明该区在鸡的学习、记忆中起着重要的调节作用。     

几种中草药抗蛋鸡热应激作用分子机制的初步研究

试验选用59周龄海兰褐蛋鸡80只,随机分为4个处理组,试验1～3组分别添加1%的女贞子、五味子和四君子汤,试验4组为对照组。试验期为4周。研究这几种中草药对热应激状态下蛋鸡生产性能、抗氧化功能、内分泌以及HSP70基因表达的影响。鸡舍内平均温度为(32.0±0.5)℃,相对湿度为60%～70%。结果表明:(1)女贞子、五味子和四君子汤显著提高了热应激状态下蛋鸡的产蛋率(P<0.05),女贞子和五味子显著降低料蛋比(P<0.05);(2)女贞子、五味子和四君子汤能显著降低蛋鸡组织和血清脂质过氧化物含量;(3)女贞子和五味子能显著降低血清GOT和ALT活性(P<0.05),四君子汤显著降低血清ALT活性(P<0.05);(4)五味子和四君子汤极显著提高了血清中T3含量(P<0.01),女贞子、五味子和四君子汤显著降低高温条件下产蛋鸡血清中Cor含量(P<0.05);(5)女贞子、五味子和四君子汤显著提高肝脏HSP70基因表达(P<0.05)。由本试验结果可见,女贞子、五味子和四君子汤能通过增强热应激下蛋鸡脂质稳定性、调节内分泌以及提高HSP70基因表达等途径改善热应激下蛋鸡的生产性能,减轻热应激对蛋鸡的危害。     

种母鸡饲粮锌与钙水平对种蛋孵化效果和子代初生雏的影响

在边缘性缺锌(-30ppm)的玉米-豆饼型基础饲粮中添加不同水平锌（添加量：0、40和1000ppm）和钙（含量3.12%和4.70%）饲喂种母鸡,观测了种蛋的孵化效果和子代初生雏的表现。结果表明,当种母鸡饲粮未加锌时,种蛋受精率和孵化率显著降低（P＜0.01）。高锌对种蛋孵化效果没有不良影响（P＞0.05）。种母鸡饲粮高钙使种蛋孵化后残壳重显著提高（P＜0.05）。种母鸡饲粮加锌使子代初生雏血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高（P＜0.01）,高钙则使之更进一步降低（P＜0.01）。子代初生雏血清蛋白质含量（总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白）受试验处理的影响很小。种母鸡饲粮加锌使子代初生雏体内锌含量显著提高（P＜0.01）,而对种蛋孵化后残壳中锌含量没有显著影响（P＞0.05）。种母鸡饲粮高钙对子代初生雏体内锌含量没有显著影响（P＞0.05）,而使种蛋孵化后残壳中锌含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。     

产蛋鸡日粮上下午营养分档饲喂与传统饲喂方式的效果对比研究

根据产蛋母鸡的生殖生理和消化生理特点,白天以形成蛋黄和蛋清为主,夜间以形成蛋壳为主,饲料通过消化道的时间为4小时左右,改变传统的一日几餐不变的饲喂方式采用上下午营养分档配料,上午以高蛋白高能量低钙日粮促进排卵及卵黄和卵清的快速形成,下午以低蛋白低能量高钙日粮促进蛋壳的形成,按需供给母鸡的营养,加速蛋的形成过程,提高养鸡效益。试验结果表明,在产蛋高峰期试验组比对照组可提高产蛋率3.06个百分点,差异显著(P<0.05);增加蛋重1.50g,差异显著(P<0.05);每kg蛋饲料成本降低16.02％,差异显著(P<0.05)。在产蛋后期,试验组比对照组可提高产蛋率2.68个百分点,差异显著(P<0.05);增加蛋重1.07g,差异不显著(P>0.05);每kg蛋饲料成本降低6.74％,差异显著(P<0.05)。故产蛋鸡日粮采用上下午营养分档饲喂比传统的饲喂方式可显著提高经济效益,尤其是产蛋高峰期。