獭兔毛密度变化及毛囊分化研究

为了了解獭兔在不同月龄毛囊和毛密度的变化,选择1～7月龄的獭兔为研究对象,通过活体取样,Sacpic法染色,对不同阶段切片进行观察统计,结果表明:毛密度在1～3月龄处于平台期,无显著变化(P0.05);4～7月龄毛密度处于一个波形变动期,其中通过切片观察5～7月龄为全休止期;4～6月龄为换毛期。本研究摸清了毛密度的变化趋势、变化阶段、各阶段毛囊群特点,为獭兔取皮时间的确定及提高毛密度的研究提供理论支撑。     

中年男性两鬓白发的生长速度等有关性状测量

在985 d内,连续拔取一位中年男性两鬓的白发样本左右各12份,每份5～7根.测量其白色段的长度和距发根1 cm处头发的微观性状.用SPSS17.0软件对各性状配对样本T检验和二元定距变量相关分析.结果表明:两鬓头发生长速度差异不显著(P＞0.05):左鬓(0.59±0.05)mm/d;右鬓(0.58±0.06)mm/...     

牦牛胚胎皮肤及其附属物形态发生规律

通过胚胎组织切片及常规染色发现,胚胎期第35天已经初步分化形成皮肤,随后表皮经历复层化,真皮经历胞外基质纤维堆积,形成哺乳动物典型皮肤结构。毛囊形态发生开始于胚胎期第75天,经历基板形成、毛芽、毛钉和毛囊分化成熟几个主要阶段。初级毛囊形成过程中伴随几波次级毛囊发生,最终形成由3种不同毛囊类型组成,呈单毛囊散在分布的毛被结构。皮脂腺和汗腺的发育伴随毛囊发生而发生,经历形态发生和分化成熟过程,最终形成毛囊-皮脂腺-汗腺单位。牦牛皮脂腺和汗腺分布于初级和次级毛囊,这种广泛分布特征体现了其环境适应性。     

毛囊发育相关因子和信号通路研究进展

毛囊发育具有周期性,其发育周期受多种调控。生物体内的一些生长因子如VEGF、HSP和EGF等可以通过直接或间接的方式影响毛囊的生长发育;一些信号通路如Wnt,BMP/TGFβ等相关也对毛囊周期等生命活动具有调控作用。本文报告了与毛囊发育相关的生长因子、激素、活性蛋白以及信号通路的研究进展,并结合研究现状展望未来研究热点和应用前景。     

毛囊形态发生变化过程分子调控研究进展

在介绍毛囊结构的基础上,阐述了毛囊形态发生变化过程及其相关调控分子作用机制方面的研究进展。     

贺兰山岩羊冬夏季的上毛显微形态特征比较

应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术,对贺兰山岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)颈部、背部、腹侧部、腹下部、臀部、腿部、蹄部7个部位冬毛及夏毛形态特征进行观察与比较。结果表明:除过鳞片花纹类型及排列顺序表现出一致性外,贺兰山岩羊7个部位冬毛和夏毛在毛长度、毛伸直长度、卷曲度、毛细度、髓质细度、毛髓质指数上均存在一定差异。贺兰山岩羊上毛髓质指数较高,除蹄部外,其它6个部位保持在90%以上。躯干部毛长度和毛髓质指数显著高于腿部和蹄部(P0.05),主要起到保温功能。腿部和蹄部杂波型鳞片比例最大,皮质发达,主要起到保护功能。这将为贺兰山岩羊的形态学及物种鉴定研究提供一些基础资料。     

Badger hair in shaving brushes comes from protected Eurasian badgers

The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is included in Appendix III of the Bern Convention and protected by national laws in many European countries. Badger hair is used to manufacture luxury shaving brushes, although it is frequently argued that the hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), which in Europe is an introduced and unprotected species, is the origin of the hair used. We applied an extraction protocol to recover DNA from the unrooted hair of shaving brushes obtained from commercial companies in The Netherlands and Spain. The tested brushes originated from The Netherlands, Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom where the Eurasian badger is a protected species. We sequenced 191 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region and 170 bp of the cytochrome b gene and compared the sequences obtained with Eurasian badger and hog badger reference sequences of the same mitochondrial DNA regions obtained in our laboratory and from GenBank. Sequences obtained from four shaving brushes were clearly hog badger sequences, whereas four sequences clustered with Eurasian badger sequences of both European and Asian origins. One of the shaving brushes made of Eurasian badger was produced in France, where it is legal to capture or trade the species under certain conditions. The remaining three brushes originated from The Netherlands, where it is illegal to possess, sell, transport or use for commercial purposes dead Eurasian badgers or products derived from them.     

Carbon cycling in subarctic tundra; seasonal variation in ecosystem partitioning based on in situ C pulse-labelling

Carbon assimilation and allocation were studied in a tundra ecosystem in northern Scandinavia. Seasonal variation in the below-ground carbon allocation to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coarse-, fine-, and hair roots was investigated using in situ ¹⁴C pulse-labelling, adding 2-3 MBq ¹⁴CO₂ dm⁻² to the above-ground vegetation. Combining the allocation data with regression models of the seasonal carbon flux made it possible to estimate a temporally explicit ecosystem carbon allocation budget.The ecosystem was a net source of CO₂, losing on average 0.97 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ to the atmosphere, with little variation through the season. There was, however, significant temporal variation in partitioning of recently assimilated carbon. Allocation to below-ground compartments over 32 days following labelling increased from 18% in June to 55% in September. Above-ground allocation showed the opposite trend. Hair roots and DOC were strong sinks in the autumn. Transport of newly assimilated carbon occurred rapidly throughout the season, ¹⁴C appearing in all sampled pools within 4 h of labelling.The seasonal variation in carbon partitioning observed in this study has implications for the residence time of assimilated carbon in the ecosystem. A relatively greater allocation to rapidly decomposing pools, such as hair roots and DOC, would tend to reduce incorporation into woody tissue, increasing the overall rate of carbon cycling and decreasing ecosystem storage. The results of this study will be of value for building and validating mechanistic models of ecosystem carbon flow in tundra and subarctic ecosystems.     

毛发微观结构的应用与技术发展

毛发微观结构研究技术经历了光学显微技术和目前的多种显镜技术。主要应用领域涉及野外对动物种类及数量的调查、动物食性的研究、保护野生动物资源,辅助执法、毛纺业原料鉴定的研究和应用、头发养护和脱发治疗、法医物证检验等。虽然毛发微观结构在上述应用中仍存在一定的局限性,但是其重要作用是无可替代的,将来毛发的3D结构将是主要发展方向。     

Genetic relationships between pelt quality, maternal ability, and lamb production in the Gotland sheep breed

The aim of the present investigation was to study the genetic relationships between pelt quality traits (shade of fleece, size of curl, score for fleece colour, score for curl, score for quality of hair, score for thickness of fleece, sum of pelt scores, and overall score) on one hand and maternal ability, live weight, and carcass traits on the other hand for the Gotland sheep breed. Data were received from the Swedish Sheep Recording Scheme and included observations on 4-month weight (4MW) and pelt quality for 51,402 lambs and on weight (CW), fatness (FAT), and fleshiness (FLESH) of the carcass for 12,440 lambs. The lambs were born during the period 1991–2003. When maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects were included in the model direct heritabilities for the pelt quality traits varied between 0.16 and 0.25. Maternal heritabilities (0.01 to 0.05) and common environmental variances as a fraction of the total phenotypic variances (0.07 to 0.10) were low. Maternal heritabilities were higher for 4MW (0.11) and CW (0.12) than for the pelt quality traits. Direct-maternal genetic correlations were both for the pelt quality traits and for 4MW and CW generally negative and low to medium high. Direct genetic correlations between pelt quality traits on one hand and 4MW, CW, FAT or FLESH on the other hand were low (− 0.16 to 0.12). Maternal genetic correlations between pelt quality traits and 4MW or CW were positive and high (0.38 to 0.96). It was concluded that breeding for increased growth and improved carcass quality would not influence pelt quality negatively or vice versa. If maternal genetic effects are considered for 4MW and CW in the breeding program for the Gotland sheep breed, selection for maternal effects on 4MW and CW will have positive effects both on lamb weight and pelt quality.