H5N1亚型AIVHA抗原表位的高效表达及其抗原活性分析

血凝素（hemagglutinin,HA）蛋白是禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus,AIV）的一个重要表面抗原性蛋白,在疾病诊断和防治上有重要意义。本研究为了探讨一种更为简便有效的HA重组蛋白表达途径,利用生物信息学软件,对H5N1亚型AIVHA基因编码的氨基酸序列进行分析,在分析其在大肠杆菌中的密码子偏好性、稀有密码子分布情况及有关蛋白的抗原性等重要特性后,构建了HA抗原表位重组表达质粒pET-32a（＋）-HA。经测试,该重组质粒在1mmol/LIPTG诱导剂作用下诱导过夜,能在大肠杆菌Rosetta-gami B（DE3）中高效表达,并得到48.1kD大小的目的重组表达蛋白。重组蛋白用6×His-tagged protein纯化试剂盒纯化后,与福氏佐剂等量混合制备成抗原,以200μg/鸡的剂量皮下注射2月龄SPF鸡3次,采血分离血清。Western-Blot试验结果表明,该重组表达蛋白能分别与所制备的高免鸡血清及H5N1亚型AIV阳性血清发生特异性反应,在硝酸纤维素膜上出现特异性杂交带。说明本试验研究的HA抗原重组表达蛋白具有良好的免疫原性和反应原性,保留了HA蛋白的抗原活性,提示该重组蛋白在H5亚型AIV的防治技术研究中具有重要的实际应用价值。     

水貂阿留申病毒VP2基因主要抗原表位区的原核表达

根据GenBank中已发表的水貂阿留申病毒(ADV)VP2基因核苷酸序列分别设计合成两对引物,用PCR方法扩增ADV国内分离株VP2基因中主要抗原表位区的两个片段,分别将其克隆到原核表达载体pMAL-c2的多克隆位点中。经酶切、PCR扩增和测序分析证实其已正确插入到表达载体中,且阅读框是正确的,构建原核表达载体pMAL-VPa和pMAL-VPb。阳性重组质粒转化宿主菌TB1,用IPTG进行诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE检测和免疫印迹分析。结果表明两段蛋白均获得了表达,表达产物的分子质量分别约为63、65kD,与理论推测的分子质量一致;并在终浓度为1mmol/L的IPTG诱导下,4h时其表达量达到高峰;Western blot分析表明表达蛋白能被兔抗MBP抗体所识别,具有一定的抗原性。     

温和气单胞菌单克隆抗体的制备及特性分析

利用细胞融合技术建立了5株分泌抗温和气单胞菌CR79-1-1株单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株,特异性鉴定获得2株与参考菌株中的温和气单胞菌发生反应,并且与嗜水气单胞菌以及鳗弧菌、爱德华氏菌、克鲁氏耶尔森菌、大肠杆菌、荧光假单胞菌均不反应的杂交瘤细胞,命名为2G3、1A4;快速酶联免疫分析法测得2G3、1A4的亲和常数为5×108L/mol、1.725×108L/mol;应用方阵配对试验证实,2株单抗针对特异性抗原上不同表位。     

Analyses of monoclonal antibodies reacting with porcine CD3: results from the Second International Swine CD Workshop

Among the 57 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) analyzed within the T-cell group from the Second Swine CD Workshop, six mAb fell within clusters T10 and T11 (No. 088, STH164; No. 148, FY1A3; No. 149, FY2C1; No. 150, FY1H2; No. 151, FY2A11; No. 169, BB23-8E6). The mAb within these two groups gave a similar appearance on flow cytometry and stained all peripheral blood T-cells as defined by CD4 and wCD8 staining. All six mAb precipitated a 24 kDa protein. On the basis of inhibition analyses performed as part of the workshop and from published data, the mAb define at least three epitopes. There is only minimal stimulation of resting peripheral lymphocytes, but four of the mAb produce strong stimulation in the presence of PMA. With the exception of STH164, all have been shown to react with CD3-transfected COS cells. The new mAb, therefore, react with three epitopes on porcine CD3 designated CD3a (BB23-8E6, FY2A11), CD3b (FY1A3, FY2C1), and CD3c (FY1H2). mAb STH164 appears to be reactive with another epitope, however, since its reactivity with CD3 has not been confirmed it is designated as wCD3.     

Epitope mapping of Campylobacter jejuni flagellar capping protein (FliD) by chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) sera

Campylobacter jejuni, a Gram-negative rod, is a zoonotic pathogen associated with human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The flagellum, composed of more than 35 proteins, is responsible for colonization of C. jejuni in the host gastrointestinal tract as well as inducing protective antibodies against the homologous serotype. In our previous study, we demonstrated that the flagellar capping protein (FliD) is an immunodominant protein that reacted strongly to sera from field chickens. In this communication, we mapped linear immunoreactive epitopes on FliD using a set of 158 synthetic peptides of 15-mer overlapping with 11 amino acid residues on peptide microarrays with sera from field chickens. The results from peptide microarrays showed (1) no cross-reactivity of the immobilized peptides with the secondary anti-chicken antibody in the control incubation, and (2) heterogeneous patterns of sera reacting to the immobilized peptides. The peptides that reacted to more than three chicken sera and had higher averages of fluorescence units were selected for further validation by the peptide ELISA. The results showed peptides 24, 91 and 92 had relatively high reactivity and less variation among 64 individual serum samples, indicating these peptides represented the shared immunodominant epitopes on the C. jejuni FliD protein. These peptides were also recognized by sera from chickens immunized with the purified recombinant FliD protein. The findings of the specific shared linear immunodominant epitopes on FliD in this study provide a rationale for further evaluation to determine their utility as epitope vaccines covering multiple serotypes for chicken immunization, and subsequently, for providing safer poultry products for human consumption.     

Identification of two dominant linear epitopes on the GP3 protein of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV)

Glycosylated protein 3 (GP3) of PRRSV is variable between different PRRSV strains, so it is helpful for subtype classifying by using distinct epitopes. In this study, two dominant linear GP3 epitopes that were recognized by highly dilute serum in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were identified. Sequence alignments of 36 North American (NA) PRRSV isolates revealed that the epitope H⁸⁷DELGFMV⁹⁴ is well conserved, whereas the epitope T⁵⁹RQAAAEILE⁶⁸ differs in other low-virulence NA-type strains, which have at least one amino acid mutation in this region. A mutational analysis revealed that none of these mutations could be recognized by the purified antibodies directed against the corresponding epitope, indicating that the genetic variations altered the antigenicity of the antigenic region. Using ELISA, we also found that antibodies directed against the two epitopes were present in more than 45 of 50 HP-PRRS-positive pig sera, suggesting that their antigenicity is excellent in vivo.     

Fine mapping epitope on glycoprotein Gc from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonosis, caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV) and which there are no diagnostic or therapeutic strategies. The C-terminus of glycoprotein (Gc) encoded by the CCHFV M gene is responsible for CCHFV binding to cellular receptors and acts as a neutralizing-antibody target. In this study, a modified biosynthetic peptide technique (BSP) was used to identify fine epitopes of Gc from the CCHFV YL04057 strain using rabbit antiserum against CCHFV-Gc. Six B cell epitopes (BCEs) and one antigenic peptide (AP) were identified: E1 (⁸⁸VEDASES⁹⁴), E2 (¹¹⁷GDRQVEE¹²³), E3 (²⁴¹EIVTLH²⁴⁶), AP-4 (²⁸¹DFQVYHVGNLLRGDKV²⁹⁶), E5a (³⁷⁰GDTP QLDL³⁷⁷), E5b (³⁷³PQLDLKAR³⁸⁰), and E6 (⁴⁴³HVRSSD⁴⁴⁸). Western blotting analysis showed that each epitope interacted with the positive serum of sheep that had been naturally infected with CCHFV, and the results were consistent with that of Dot-ELISA. The multiple sequence alignment (MSA) revealed high conservation of the identified epitopes among ten CCHFV strains from different areas, except for epitopes AP-4 and E6. Furthermore, three-dimensional structural modeling showed that all identified epitopes were located on the surface of the Gc “head” domain. These mapped epitopes of the CCHFV Gc would provide a basis for further increase our understanding CCHFV glycoprotein function and the development of a CCHFV epitope-based diagnostics vaccine and detection antigen.     

ETEC K99、K88菌毛蛋白抗原表位多肽的设计合成及免疫反应

目的:通过生物信息学及蛋白分析软件等,寻找ETEC K88、K99菌毛蛋白的抗原表位。方法:通过生物信息学技术、DNAStar Protean蛋白分析软件及网络共享软件对ETEC K88、K99菌毛蛋白抗原性相关的参数进行预测分析,从而设计ETEC K88、K99菌毛蛋白的抗原表位多肽;采用腹腔注射的方式将合成的抗原表位多肽免疫小鼠,用ELISA法检测血清中产生的抗体,并对免疫小鼠进行了攻毒试验。结果:多肽免疫小鼠后均能诱导抗体产生,攻毒试验表明合成肽对小鼠具有保护作用。结论:成功预测了抗原表位,合成的表位多肽具有较好的抗原性。     

Preparation and Identification of Specific Monoclonal Antibody against Porcine Circovirus Type 2

以人工合成 PCV2 Cap蛋白表位的串联多肽作为抗原免疫 BALB/c小鼠,利用淋巴细胞瘤杂交技术获得了1株稳定分泌抗PCV2-rCap 蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为670#。该株杂交瘤细胞诱导同品系小鼠产生的腹水抗体效价为l∶100000。 Western blot结果显示,该株单抗可与表达原核 PCV2 PET32a-ORF2重组蛋白、真核表达 ORF1-ORF2串联蛋白及 PCV2全病毒细胞培养物反应;间接 ELISA证明该单核可与 ORF1-ORF2串联蛋白结合;IFA结果表明,该单抗可与天然PCV2病毒结合。该单抗的制备为 PCV2抗原表位分析及分子诊断提供了技术手段。     

质谱技术在抗原表位研究中的应用

综述了质谱技术的原理及其发展概况,并阐述了该技术在抗原表位研究中的应用现状和前景。