Effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

AIM:To observe the effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) of hippocampal CA1 area in the rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), and to investigate the underlying molecule mechanism of cognitive defects induced by ischemia. METHODS:Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats(n=48) were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group,CCH model (CCH) group, capsaicin group,and solvent group, 12 rats in each group. Capsaicin at 2.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected twice a week for 4 weeks, starting on the 7th day after surgery. The rats in solvent group were given the same amount of solvent at the same time and under the same conditions. Morris water maze, object recognition test and open field test were conducted to analyze the cognitive related behavior performance on the 4th week after surgery. The changes of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed under transmission electron microscope, the co-localization of the MAMs was observed by immunofluorescence double-labeling, and the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in the hippocampal tissue was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Four weeks after the operation, the behavior tests showed that the cognitive function of CCH rats was impaired compared with sham operation group. Compared with solvent group, spatial learning and memory in capsaicin group was improved significantly. The results of transmission electron microscope and confocal microscope showed that the distance of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 area of CCH rats was increased compared with sham operation group, and the co-localization of the contacts was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the correlation between the mitochondria and ER in capsaicin group was increased (P<0.05). The protein level of Mfn2 in CCH group was significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the protein level of Mfn2 in capsaicin group was higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:CCH rats showed decreased cognitive function and loosen MAMs. Capsaicin improves the cognitive behavior of CCH rats by up-regulation of MAMs.     

干旱胁迫对辣椒果实中辣椒素、二氢辣椒素及VC含量的影响

以湘研5号辣椒为试材,采用盆栽控水试验,设置轻度干旱、中度干旱和正常灌水(对照)3个水分梯度,研究干旱胁迫对辣椒果实中辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和VC含量的影响,同时研究了干旱胁迫后植株叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明:在开花后60d,轻度干旱处理能显著提高辣椒果实中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的含量,分别比对照提高63.36%和63.03%。在开花后40d和50d,不同程度的干旱胁迫均能显著提高辣椒果实中的VC含量。在开花后60d,轻度干旱处理使辣椒果实中的VC含量达到最高,而中度干旱胁迫下辣椒果实中的VC含量显著低于对照。不同程度的干旱胁迫处理后,辣椒植株的净光合速率均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并且随着干旱程度的增加而逐渐降低。     

Estimation of phenotypic divergence in a collection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsicum</Emphasis> species for yield-related traits

Phenotypic divergence among the 24 accessions belonging to a collection of six species of Capsicum from different geoclimatic regions available in field gene bank of CIMAP, Lucknow, India, was quantified by multivariate analysis for 12 quantitative and qualitative traits. Based on their values, all 24 accessions were grouped into six clusters such that the genetic stocks within cluster had smaller D ² values among themselves than those belonging to different clusters. The accessions of Capsicum annuum were distributed in different clusters in morphotyping representing different species, suggesting that taxonomic characteristics are not always related to agronomic traits. No parallelism/association was found between geographical and phenotypic diversity. Accessions 15 and 23 (clusters V and VI, respectively) had distinct identity. The three characteristics that played the greatest role in differentiation were fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, and leaf diameter, which can be utilized as conventional/morphological markers for the improvement of chilli yield and obtaining good segregants in chilli breeding programs.     

朝天椒辣椒素生物合成途径基因对茉莉酸的响应

为了探索茉莉酸(JA)对辣椒素生物合成途径基因表达的调控作用,该研究利用100μmol/L的JA处理朝天椒果实0、4、12、24和48h后,利用荧光定量PCR检测辣椒素合成途径基因mRNA表达变化,并用高效液相色谱测定处理0、1、3、6、10和15 d后果实辣椒素含量的变化.结果表明,JA可以不同程度地促进朝天椒中pal、C4h、Comt、4Cl、Hct、Pamt、Bcat、FatA和pun1基因的mRNA表达,进而促进辣椒素的合成.     

辣椒碱的合成及其防污性能研究

以香草醛和6-溴己酸为原料,制备了辣椒碱（N-[（4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基）-甲基]-8-甲基-6-壬烯酰胺）,其化学结构经过质谱、核磁共振氢谱验证。把合成的辣椒碱作为防污剂加入PE材料中,进行海洋防污效果试验,结果表明,合成辣椒碱具有良好的防污效果。     

PUT、SPD对辣椒果实中辣椒素及相关物质的影响

以沈椒四号麻辣椒为试材,在辣椒花期喷施不同浓度的PUT、SPD、SPM,研究了外源多胺处理的辣椒果实中辣椒素及其代谢相关物质的变化。结果表明,PUT0.1(1×10-4mol.L-1)和SPD1(1×10-3mol.L-1)能够促进辣椒素的积累,PUT0.1处理促进作用最强。PUT0.1和SPD1均能促进PAL和POD的活性。PUT0.1能够降低PPO的活性和抑制木质素的合成。所有多胺处理均能促进类黄酮和单宁的积累,但PUT0.1对单宁的促进作用较大,对类黄酮的促进作用较小。PUT0.1为促进辣椒素积累的最佳处理。     

微波预处理提取辣椒碱工艺及抑菌效果的研究

[目的]对微波预处理法提取辣椒碱工艺及辣椒碱的抑菌效果进行较为系统的研究。[方法]在常规溶剂浸提法的基础上,在浸提之前加入微波预处理过程;参照GB 10783—2008方法,采用FAO紫外双比色法测定辣椒碱含量;采用抑菌圈法测定提取所得辣椒碱的抑菌效果。[结果]提取辣椒碱的适宜工艺为：浸润剂为95%乙醇溶液,料液比为1∶10,微波功率200 W,微波预处理时间2 min,浸取温度40～50℃,浸取时间2 h,浸提次数3次。体外抑菌试验结果表明,辣椒碱提取液对细菌、霉菌和酵母菌均表现出一定的抑菌作用,其抑菌效果随浓度的增大而增强;其中对裂殖酵母的抑菌效果最明显,对细菌抑菌效果最弱。[结论]微波预处理法显著提高了辣椒碱提取速度以及提取效率;辣椒碱提取物具有广谱抑菌活性。     

辣椒素制备及检测方法

对辣椒素的制备及检测方法进行了研究,比较了各种方法的优缺点,并且对今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

氮肥对辣椒果实中辣椒素含量的影响

以田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,采用景尖椒3号(高辣度),以3种不同的氮肥施用量处理,就生长期中氮肥对辣椒果实中辣椒素含量的影响进行研究.结果发现,在一定条件下,增加氮肥施用量会导致辣椒果实中辣椒素含量减少;果实中过氧化物酶活力与辣椒素含量呈一定负相关.     

辣椒素积累生理研究的最新进展

辣椒素的积累主要受到遗传、环境、竞争物质、酶的影响.在遗传方面,辣椒的基因型以及决定辣椒素含量的特定基因对辣椒素的积累起着决定作用,环境中的光照、温度、CO2、肥料起辅助作用,竞争物质,如木质素、类黄酮、蛋白质、单宁、生物碱、香豆素等物质与辣椒素的积累相互抑制,辣椒素的合成酶和降解酶同样影响辣椒素的积累.