24％己唑醇·嘧菌酯悬乳剂防治水稻纹枯病药效研究

2019年开展了24%己唑醇·嘧菌酯悬乳剂防治水稻纹枯病药效试验。结果表明,24%己唑醇·嘧菌酯悬乳剂防治水稻纹枯病有较好的防治效果,对水稻植株生长安全,推荐使用量为商品量937.5~1249.5 g/hm^2(有效成分量225~300 g/hm^2)。     

Fungicidal Control of Lophodermium seditiosum on Pinus sylvestris Seedlings in Swedish Forest Nurseries

During the 1990s, there were serious outbreaks of the pathogen Lophodermium seditiosum on pine seedlings in Swedish forest nurseries, even though the seedlings had been treated with the fungicide propiconazole. The present experiment was carried out to evaluate two other fungicides, fluazinam and azoxystrobin, as possible alternatives to propiconazole. In the tests, which were all carried out in the same forest nursery, seedlings were treated with either propiconazole, fluazinam or azoxystrobin, and the proportion of needles with ascocarps of L. seditiosum and the number of ascocarps per needle were recorded over the following 2 yrs. Seedlings treated with azoxystrobin already appeared healthier than control seedlings in September of the first year, and by November all azoxystrobin-treated seedlings had fewer ascocarps per needle compared with control seedlings. In autumn of the second year, there were no ascocarps on seedlings treated with fluazinam or azoxystrobin, whereas seedlings treated with propiconazole had similar numbers of ascocarps to non-treated control seedlings.     

阿米西达对水稻稻瘟病菌的毒力测定

采用菌丝生长速率法用阿米西达对黑龙江省稻瘟病菌的毒力作用进行了测定,其中阿米西达的嘧菌酯含量为25%,供试水稻稻瘟病菌93个.实验结果表明:阿米西达对水稻稻瘟病菌的菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用,93个供试稻瘟病菌菌株EC50值2.18 ～11.3μg·mL-1,抗药性监测的敏感基线值为4.64μg·mL-1.在药剂浓度为...     

高效液相色谱法分析砂糖桔中嘧菌酯残留

采用配备有Hypersil ODS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱和紫外检测器的反相高效液相色谱仪,测定砂糖桔中嘧菌酯残留。以乙酸乙酯/环己烷(V/V=1/1)为提取溶剂,超声波提取砂糖桔中的嘧菌酯,经固相萃取净化,采用液相色谱法测定残留量。确定砂糖桔中嘧菌酯的最佳液相色谱检测条件为:检测波长257 nm,流动相V(乙腈)/V(水)=70/30,流速1.0 mL/min,进样量10μL。嘧菌酯在样品中的添加回收率为85.23%~92.04%,最低检测浓度为0.01μg/g,能满足农药残留分析要求。     

Effects of combined application of potassium phosphite and fungicide on stem and sheath disease control,yield, and quality of rice

Phosphite has been shown to suppress some diseases in different plant species but disease control in rice has not been investigated. In 2012/13 and 2013/14 potassium phosphite was sprayed at 1775 g ha⁻¹ and 3550 g ha⁻¹ in field plots of rice in Uruguay to determine if phosphite alone or in combination with label rates of a mixed strobilurin and triazole fungicide could be used to effectively control stem rot and aggregate sheath spot in irrigated rice. Six treatments consisting of different combinations of potassium phosphite alone or with a fungicide and an unsprayed control were assayed in one application at late-boot to early-heading. Phosphite alone in single and double rate slightly reduced severity and incidence of stem rot and produced a small yield increase over the unsprayed control. Fungicide at a 50% label rate with phosphite reduced stem rot severity and incidence to a similar level as the fungicide alone applied at the label rate. Disease severity was reduced by approximately 25% and incidence by 17–20% when compared with untreated control. Yield increase was 5% for both treatments over the unsprayed control. Fungicide combined with phosphite at single and double rates reduced stem rot severity by 40–45% and incidence by 34–38% when compared with untreated control, with yield increased by 10% over the unsprayed control and 5% over plots treated with a fungicide. These results indicate that a single application of potassium phosphite combined with fungicide can be used efficiently to manage of rice stem diseases.     

苏北沿海保护地番茄早疫病防治药剂筛选

[目的]筛选能够有效防治沿海地区保护地番茄早疫病的药剂。[方法]针对不同熟期的番茄品种通过田间试验研究了29%嘧菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂和44%百菌清·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂对番茄早疫病的防治效果。[结果]按有效剂量计,29%嘧菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂130.5、174.0 g/hm2对早熟番茄品种早疫病的防效分别为75.40%和81.30%;44%百菌清·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂660.0、825.0 g/hm2对中熟番茄品种早疫病的防效分别为74.60%和80.30%,可有效防治早熟和中熟番茄品种早疫病,且对番茄安全。[结论]试验结果为沿海地区设施番茄早疫病的防治提供了参考。     

嘧菌·己唑醇对水稻纹枯病室内抑菌活性与田间防治效果

室内毒力测定结果表明:嘧菌酯与己唑醇以2∶3、1∶2、1∶3配比均可,其中嘧菌酯与己唑醇以1∶2复配的制剂EC50为0.00791μg/mL,SR50为1.55。田间防效试验表明:24%嘧菌.己唑醇SC 375 mL/hm2、450 mL/hm2与24%噻呋酰胺SC 360mL/hm2,三处理之间差异不显著,但均与24%嘧菌·己唑醇SC 300 mL/hm2、10%己唑醇SC 750 mL/hm2、250 g/L嘧菌酯SC375 mL/hm2差异显著或极显著。24%嘧菌·己唑醇SC 375～450 mL/hm2(推荐用量)与24%噻呋酰胺SC 360 mL/hm2的防效相当,但成本低,性价比高,同时能兼治稻曲病、稻瘟病,达到一药多治效果,对水稻生育安全,无药害,且能使水稻叶片增绿,增强生长势等作用。     

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为了对海南瓜类蔬菜炭疽病菌的抗性监测研究及抗性治理提供理论依据,对海南不同市县采集的节瓜炭疽病病样中分离纯化的90株炭疽病原菌进行了检测,采用菌丝生长速率法测定2种病原菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性.结果表明:经分生孢子形态鉴定节瓜炭疽病有胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)和尖孢炭疽菌(C.acutatum),胶孢炭疽菌为优势种群,占84.4％;2种病原菌对嘧菌酯的EC50在0.334 4～36.467 0μg/mL,平均为12.954 4μg/mL,敏感性分布接近于正态分布,EC50值之间表现较连续,故以平均EC50值为敏感性基线,用于节瓜炭疽病菌对嘧菌酯的田间抗药性监测.嘧菌酯与多菌灵、福美双、丙环唑和咪鲜胺不存在交互抗性.     

Insertional mutagenesis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnaporthe grisea</Emphasis> toward decreased responsiveness of alternative respiration to inhibition by azoxystrobin

 Inhibitors of respiration with high affinity to the Qo site of cytochrome b constitute a major class of modern agricultural fungicides. Many fungal organisms, including plant pathogens, can circumvent this inhibition site by expressing alternative respiration, a pathway dependent on alternative oxidase and other unidentified gene products. The restriction enzyme-mediated insertion (REMI) technique was employed in this study to disrupt genes involved in the expression of fully functional alternative respiration of Magnaporthe grisea. In one of the REMI mutants obtained, the rescue response mediated by alternative respiration was completely abolished. In two other mutants, the response was diminished but not entirely silenced. For all three mutants, phenotype changes were not explained by an altered structure of the alternative oxidase gene AOXMg or by a decreased level of gene expression in response to the Qo inhibitor azoxystrobin. The gene potentially affected in one of the REMI mutants was a homolog of the ABC1 family of genes encoding chaperone-like proteins with roles in the optimal assembly of mitochondrial membrane complexes. Received: May 28, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002 Acknowledgments The research was funded, in part, by financial support to C. Avila-Adame provided by the Fulbright-Garcia Robles Foundation, the Institute of International Education, CONACYT-Mexico, and the Colegio de Postgraduados-Mexico.     

嘧菌·百菌清防治荔枝霜疫霉病的应用研究

560 g/L嘧菌·百菌清悬浮剂是防治荔枝霜疫霉病的新型杀菌剂.2005～2006年田间防治试验表明,在荔枝挂果期用嘧菌·百菌清1000、800、600倍液喷药3次后,对转色期果实霜疫霉病的防效为71.65%～83.50%,对成熟期果实霜疫霉病的防效为74.54%～88.98%,对贮藏期果实霜疫霉病的防效为77.01%～90.54%,均显著优于对照药剂800%大生可湿性粉剂600倍液的防效.560 g/L嘧菌·百菌清悬浮剂已登记在荔枝上防治霜疫霉病,可在广东及邻近省份的荔枝产区推广应用.