高校图书馆智慧环境下馆员能力评价研究——基于层次分析法和理想点法

[目的/意义]馆员能力建设构成了高校图书馆智慧化转型的重要内容,评价馆员的服务能力可为高校图书馆开展馆员业务培训提供依据。[方法/过程]通过梳理现阶段高校图书馆智慧环境下馆员能力的组成要素,论文建立了评价指标体系。同时,论文将层次分析法和理想点法两者结合起来,提出了评价模型,并通过实证研究证实了其有效性。[结果/结论]论文开展的有益探索将为中国高校图书馆的智慧馆员评价活动提供理论支持。     

基于PSR模型的黄河陕西段鱼类增殖放流生态安全评价

基于压力、状态、响应模型(PSR)和层次分析法(AHP),确定17项指标通过数据的标准化处理,指标权重赋值、权重一致性检验、评价等级确定以及评价模型的构建,用生态安全评价黄河陕西段鱼类增殖放流效果,分析生态安全所面临的主要问题。结果表明:黄河陕西段2013年增殖放流生态安全度(ESI)评价等级为Ⅱ级,为良好状态;2014年评价等级为Ⅲ级,处于一般状态;2015年评价等级为Ⅳ级,处于较差状态,属于临界不安全状态以下水平。生态安全形势呈现出逐年下降局势。不安全状态受到影响较大的前3个指标是:黄河径流量变化影响、重要生境保持率和公众资源环境保护意识的影响,3个指标下降值占到下降ESI值的64.93%。其次还受到污水排放达标率、鱼类增殖放流量、政策和管理水平、鱼类生物多样性指数、保护区建设、水质综合污染指数、群落结构等诸多因素影响。研究显示,现阶段增殖放流对黄河生态安全有一定影响,还存在一定提升空间。     

关中地区引种芍药品种的综合性状评价

为筛选出适宜陕西关中地区种植的芍药品种，对46个从荷兰引进的芍药品种与55个从山东菏泽引进的芍药品种进行连续2 a的观测，记录每个品种的生长状况、适应性、观赏性状，结合层次分析法（AHP）对各品种资源进行定量评估，最终得出每个品种的综合性状评分。结果表明，从山东菏泽引入的品种中，‘赛富贵’‘粉玉楼’‘金带围’‘曹州红’‘杭芍’等47个品种综合性状评分值>80，可开发利用；‘沙金贯顶’‘杨妃出浴’‘黄金轮’‘冰清’等8个品种综合性状评分值<80但>60，可保守开发利用。从荷兰引入的品种中，‘赫本’‘甜蜜’‘露斯·克莱尔’和‘红魅’共4个品种能够在露地栽培条件下正常生长，综合性状评分值>80，可开发利用；‘魅力’‘梦里蝴蝶’‘皇冠’‘老父亲’等36个品种，综合性状评分值<80但>60，可保守开发利用；‘满庭’‘青春永驻’‘花花公子’等6个品种综合性状评分值<60，不建议开发利用。此研究为芍药品种在陕西关中地区大规模的引种及推广应用提供了重要参考。     

杉木人工林不同采伐方式综合效益研究

采用层次分析法,对杉木人工林不同采伐方式的生态、社会、经济及综合效益进行分析,结果表明:经济效益方面,皆伐最高,70%择伐次之,50%择伐第三,30%择伐最小;生态效益方面,70%择伐最高,皆伐最小;社会效益方面,50%择伐最高,皆伐最小。综合效益以70%强度择伐最大,50%择伐其次,皆伐第三,30%择伐最小。建议杉木林主伐采用强度为70%择伐方式进行。     

Application of the analytic hierarchy process to riparian revegetation policy options

While riparian vegetation can play a major role in protecting land, water and natural habitat in catchments, there are high costs associated with tree planting and establishment and in diverting land from cropping. The distribution of costs and benefits of riparian revegetation creates conflicts in the objectives of various stakeholder groups, and elicitation of importance weights of objectives and determination of rankings of a number of policy options by these stakeholder groups becomes critical in decision-making. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a multicriteria analysis technique that provides an appropriate tool to accommodate the conflicting views of various stakeholder groups. The AHP allows the users to assess the relative importance of multiple criteria (or multiple alternatives against a given criterion) in an intuitive manner. This paper presents an application of AHP to obtain preference weights of environmental, social and economic objectives which have been used in ranking riparian revegetation policy options in a small catchment (watershed) in north Queensland, Australia. The preference weights towards environmental, economic and social objectives have been obtained for the various stakeholder groups (landholders, representatives of local sugar mill staff, environmentalists, recreational fishers and the local community). The AHP technique has proved useful in eliciting objectives and ranking policy options as well as in checking for consistency of the statements of stakeholder groups. Implementation of this approach requires a complex data elicitation process.     

塔里木沙漠公路景观评价研究

塔里木沙漠公路是开展塔克拉玛干沙漠旅游的重要组成部分。公路沿线旅游景观的视觉好坏,直接影响游客的心理感受和对景观质量的认可度。通过对以往研究的总结与实地调查,从旅游研究视角,运用AHP法建立了3层级27个指标因子的塔里木沙漠公路景观评价体系,并验证了评价方法的有效性。进而对沙漠公路沿线景观质量进行系统评价,结果表明：沙...     

层次分析法在退耕还林生态效益评价指标体系建立中的应用

退耕还林生态效益评价是当今研究的热点问题之一,构建评价指标是评价工作的前提和基础。笔者根据退耕还林生态效益的主要影响因子,在设定多层次指标体系的基础上,采用AHP法计算各指标权重,以确定影响退耕还林生态效益的主要因素。结果表明:退耕还林生态效益指标体系19个指标中,所占比重最大的5个指标依次为:土壤的侵蚀模数、地表径流量、土壤容重、枯落物层厚度和林草的覆盖率等。     

高寒丘陵区不同退耕年限人工林形质评价

基于时空互代法研究不同退耕年限对青海东部人工林形质的影响，为高寒丘陵区人工林经营及多功能利用提供理论依据。在青海东部西宁市大通县设置青杨、祁连圆柏、青海云杉和华北落叶松典型人工林试验样地，开展退耕年限10、20 a和30 a样地调查。以生长情况、侧枝情况和土壤养分情况作为退耕还林林木形质评价指标，运用层次分析法构建林木形质的评价体系，对4种人工林林木形质进行综合评价。干形情况对林木形质的影响最大，贡献率占0.603；生长情况对其影响次之，贡献率占0.337；侧枝情况对其影响较小，贡献率仅占0.060；16个评价指标在林木形质评价中的权重大小依次为健康情况(0.674 9)＞自然整枝能力(0.598 8)＞土壤有机质(0.578 7)＞通直度(0.526 5)＞分杈情况(0.348 0)＞土壤K(0.232 5)＞侧枝平均基径(0.202 7)＞胸径年均生长量(0.176 9)＞枝粗指数(0.150 6)＞土壤N(0.139 2)＞树高平均生长量(0.107 6)＞高径比(0.071 5)＞尖削度(0.054 0)＞土壤P(0.049 6)＞侧枝数(0.047 9)＞冠径比(0.040 7)；综合评价得分依次为青杨(81.67)>华北落叶松(80)>青海云杉(75)>祁连圆柏(60)。森林生态系统通过自我调节,其发育呈正向演替。高寒丘陵区人工林形质随退耕恢复年限增加呈先增加后减少趋势。前期造林(10 a)可迅速提高林地盖度；发育至20 a时，林地林木形质最优；退耕30 a，林下光照减少，下层出现竞争缺光,影响林地涵养水分功能发挥，影响林木形质。以层次分析法建立的林木形质评价体系可为高寒丘陵区人工林经营及多功能利用提供依据，为其他树种形质评价提供借鉴。     

基于层次分析法的食用菌电商平台营销系统的改进模型

针对食用菌电商平台营销策略的改进问题,基于层次分析法,设计了食用菌电商平台营销策略评价指标体系,并结合模糊综合评价模型对该评价体系进行了定量和定性分析,构建了评价模型。该评价模型能够科学、全面地反映食用菌电商平台的营销能力和发展情况,对提高食用菌企业和电商平台的营销能力具有重要意义。     

Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments

In order to investigate better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato under limit water supply, two experiments of different irrigation treatments were conducted in the arid region of northwest China during spring to summer in 2008 (2008 season) and winter in 2008 to summer in 2009 (2008-2009 season). After measuring single quality attributes, the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) were used to determine the weight of single quality attributes and comprehensive quality index, respectively. The results show that the rank of comprehensive quality index had good fitness to that of single quality attributes, indicating that the comprehensive quality index was reliable. Compared to full irrigation, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the seedling stage had slight improvement of comprehensive quality and limit water saving. Applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the fruit maturation and harvesting stage decreased the yield by 23.0-40.9%, but had the best comprehensive quality. However, applying 1/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly reduced crop water consumption and had obvious improvement of comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly and water use efficiency in the 2008 season. And applying 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly decreased crop water consumption and slightly improved the comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly in the 2008-2009 season. Considering the water saving amount, yield and comprehensive quality, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage and no water stress in other growth stages appears to be a better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato, which can be recommended for the spring to summer and winter to summer seasons in the arid region of northwest China.