滇中冷凉山区不同播期反季花椰菜产量效益分析

为摸索滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期以集成高效栽培技术推广应用,于2017—2018年选择海拔2250 m的云南省峨山县塔甸镇大西村地块进行9个播期的2年随机区组试验。结果表明,花椰菜生育期随播期推迟而延长,而花球采收期除播期7月10日外随播期推迟而逐渐增长;花椰菜株高、外叶数、开展度、球高、球径和单球重等农艺性状有随播期延迟呈现先逐渐减小而后又逐渐增大的趋势;莲座期黑腐病和霜霉病的病情指数随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐升高而后又逐渐下降的趋势;花椰菜小区产量随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐下降而后又逐渐提高的趋势,播期4月20日和4月30日与其余7个播期产量之间的差异达极显著水平。综合花椰菜在冷凉山区反季节栽培的生产实际和各播期产量产值及商品性表现,推荐滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期为4月20—30日。     

天目蜜李丰产技术研究

配置一定比例授粉树种，是提高授粉效果获得丰产的基础。授粉树比例幼龄期高于成龄期，授粉树花期应与天目蜜李基本一致、果形近似、品质好、抗性强的优良品种，这样才能确保果品的质量与产量。     

草生栽培对(木奈)园温湿度和果实品质的影响

1999- 2 0 0 1年进行了草生栽培对园温湿度和果实品质影响的试验。结果表明 :草生栽培可以有效地改善果园生态环境 ,降低久旱暴雨后的裂果率 ,有利于提高果的商品质量和经济效益。     

中国李RAPD的优化反应体系及其在品种鉴定中的应用

以5'-GACCGCTTGT-3'为随机引物,以奉化李(Prunussalicinacv.Fenghuali)为试材,对中国李RAPD反应体系进行了优化研究,结果表明:25μL反应体系中,TaqDNA聚合酶、Mg2+、引物、模板DNA和dNTPs5种主要成分的适宜浓度或用量分别是:1.0U、2.5mmol/L、20ng、40ng和0.2mmol/L。利用该优化反应体系,用10个随机引物,构建了5个中国李品种的RAPD指纹图谱;并以共有谱带率对这些品种遗传关系进行了分析,5个中国李品种的共有谱带率平均为33.2%,变异幅度为20.1%～44.9%。     

Non-structural plum pox potyvirus proteins detected by immunogold labelling

Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) induces in infected Nicotiana clevelandii cells characteristic crystalline inclusions known as nuclear inclusions (NI) when located in the nucleus and as dense material (Dm) when located in the cytoplasm. Crystalline inclusions contain protease (NIa) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NIb) proteins. It is now well established for all potyviruses that cylindrical inclusions contain CI helicase ATPase protein (Martin et al., 1992). The intracellular location of other non-structural PPV proteins remains unknown. Using Escherichia coli expression vectors, specific antibodies were obtained against P1, P3, 6K2 and NIb PPV proteins for which antibodies were not yet available. As expected, NIb antiserum labelled crystalline inclusions. P1, P3 and 6K2 proteins were present in both types of crystalline inclusions found in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of PPV-infected leaves of N. clevelandii, suggesting that nuclear inclusions and dense material were composed of the same proteins. This composition is discussed.     

宁南山区经济林降雨集流机理试验研究

[目的]探究宁夏回族自治区固原市原州区彭堡镇红梅杏经济林降雨集流渗灌系统的雨水收集能力,明确当地红梅杏经济林降雨分配特征,为降雨集流的定量研究和该地区集雨农业的发展提供科学依据。[方法]以当地红梅杏为研究对象,采用对比观测的方法,以天然降雨和人工模拟降雨相结合的方式,对红梅杏降雨集流过程进行观测与模拟。[结果] 2019年7—9月在彭堡红梅杏基地观测到的总计19场降雨数据,天然降雨中5 mm以下的降雨次数占到天然降雨总次数的83.3%,天然降雨与人工模拟降雨的相似系数为0.91,总体的集流率为61.29%,渗灌系统截留率为27.12%,林冠截留率为11.95%。[结论]试验地小降雨频率大,两种降雨方式具有较高相似性,降雨集流渗灌系统集流效率高,渗灌系统的集流量与降雨量成线性关系(R~2=0.995 5),集流率与降雨量成对数关系(R~2=0.693 9)。     

基于转录组测序的槜李EST-SSR标记开发

为开发槜李EST-SSR标记,本研究利用MISA软件筛选了槜李花转录组测序获得的35584条Unigenes,对其SSR信息进行分析后,利用Primer Premier 3.0软件设计EST-SSR引物,并随机选取40对SSR引物对12个李品种进行EST-SSR引物筛选及多态性分析。结果发现,在槜李花转录组中共搜索到个10791个SSR位点,分布于8433条Unigenes,SSR发生频率为23.70%,平均每3.71 kb含有1个SSR;SSR重复基元中二核苷酸重复出现频率最高,占总SSR数量的52.98%,其次为三核苷酸重复(占24.00%)和单核苷酸重复(占20.95%);二核苷酸重复基元以AG/CT为主(85.95%),三核苷酸重复基元以AAG/CTT为主(31.24%)。利用Primer Premier 3.0软件共设计出9870对候选引物,随机选择40对引物对12个李品种进行SSR引物筛选及多态性分析。40对引物均能扩增出预期大小的条带,有效扩增效率为100%,40对引物中有5对引物在12个李品种中表现出多态性。本研究开发的EST-SSR标记可为李属植物遗传多样性分析提供丰富的候选标记,同时可为槜李发育相关功能基因定位、遗传图谱构建、及分子标记辅助育种等研究提供帮助。     

皇后黑李优良单株——隆丰1号黑李的选育

对皇后黑李、隆丰1号黑李的生物学特征和植物学特性进行观察记载;开展皇后黑李优良单株的选育,选出优良单株——隆丰1号黑李。     

Evaluating the Impact of Combined Application of Biochar and Compost on Hydro-physical Properties of Loamy Sand Soil

ABSTRACT

Biochar, compost and their combination are important organic amendment materials for improving the hydro-physical properties of sandy soils. Series of soil columns experiments were conducted for investigating the application effects of date palm biochar and compost on evaporation, moisture distribution, infiltration, sorptivity (Sp), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) and water holding capacity (WHC) at application rates of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (10, 20, 30 and 40 g kg^?1). The columns were filled manually with air-dried soil with 35 cm depth and the thickness of surface amended layer was 10 cm (T10) and 20 cm (T20) from soil surface at bulk density of 1400 kg m^?3. The results showed that the behavior of soil moisture distribution was influenced by application of biochar, compost and biochar-compost mixture. Moreover, in the amended layer T10, applying biochar at rate of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% reduced significantly cumulative evaporation by 5.8%, 10.8%, 12.8% and 16.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the reduction for the biochar-compost mixture at application rates of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% was 10%, 12.2%, 14.5% and 20%, respectively. In layer T20, applying biochar at rate of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% reduced cumulative evaporation by 10.24%, 13.0%, 18.3% and 21.5% but this reduction amounted to 18.2%, 21%, 23% and 24% for the biochar-compost mixture, respectively. It was generally observed that the highest application rate (4%) for applied amendments was the most effective impact on Sp, K_sat and WHC compared with other rates.     

Water spray as a potential thinning agent for date palm flowers (Phoenix dactylifera L.) c.v. ‘Lulu’

Flower or fruit thinning is a critical cultural practice in the date palm production chain that affects fruit development, quality and yield and regulates tree yearly bearing. Development of a save and economic thinning agent for date palm is critically required especially under harsh conditions. During 2004 and 2005 seasons, water spray for 3 min was applied at different times following mechanical pollination on ‘Lulu’ date palm cultivar growing under Al-Ain oasis conditions. The results showed that water spray following pollination generally decreased fruit set percentage to different extent depending of the time of application. In this respect, the most effective treatment was water spray after 4 h following pollination. This treatment significantly decreased fruit set percentage (48%) compared to the control (79%), as the mean of both seasons. However, the other treatments including water spray 1 h before pollination also decreased fruit set percentage but to a lesser extent. Fruit quality characteristics especially fruit and flesh weight, length and diameter were significantly increased by water spray treatments during the 2004 season, in contrast to the 2005 season. Thinning with water significantly decreased both bunch weight and total yield per tree at the Tamr stage especially when applied after 4 h following pollination. To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study investigating the role of water as a potential thinning agent for date palm flowers. The use of water spray as a save and economic thinner needs, however, more research work to justify the time following pollination and duration of application which may vary upon cultivar, method of pollination and district.