宁南山区经济林降雨集流机理试验研究

目的]探究宁夏回族自治区固原市原州区彭堡镇红梅杏经济林降雨集流渗灌系统的雨水收集能力,明确当地红梅杏经济林降雨分配特征,为降雨集流的定量研究和该地区集雨农业的发展提供科学依据。方法]以当地红梅杏为研究对象,采用对比观测的方法,以天然降雨和人工模拟降雨相结合的方式,对红梅杏降雨集流过程进行观测与模拟。结果] 2019年7—9月在彭堡红梅杏基地观测到的总计19场降雨数据,天然降雨中5 mm以下的降雨次数占到天然降雨总次数的83.3%,天然降雨与人工模拟降雨的相似系数为0.91,总体的集流率为61.29%,渗灌系统截留率为27.12%,林冠截留率为11.95%。结论]试验地小降雨频率大,两种降雨方式具有较高相似性,降雨集流渗灌系统集流效率高,渗灌系统的集流量与降雨量成线性关系(R~2=0.995 5),集流率与降雨量成对数关系(R~2=0.693 9)。

An Experimental Study on Rainfall-Collecting Mechanism of Economic Forest in Mountainous Area of Southern Ningxia

Objective] The rainwater collection capacity of the rainfall collection and infiltration irrigation system of the red plum apricot economic forest in the Pengpu Town of Yuanzhou District, Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were investigated, in order to clarify the characteristics of rainfall distribution and provide a scientific basis for the quantitative study of rainfall collection and the development of rainwater-harvesting agriculture in the area.Methods] The local red plum apricot was used as the research object. Based on the measured data of natural rainfall and artificial simulated rainfall, the rainfall collection process for the red plum apricot economic forest was observed and simulated.Results] From July to September 2019, 19 rainfall data were observed at the red plum apricot base in Pengpu Town, and the number of rainfalls of less than 5 mm accounted for 83.3% of the total natural rainfall. The correlation coefficient between natural rainfall and artificial rainfall was 0.91, the total collection rate was 61.29%, the interception rate of the infiltration irrigation system was 27.12%, and the canopy interception rate was 11.95%.Conclusion] The small rainfall frequency in the test field was high, the two rainfall methods had a high similarity, and the rainfall collection and infiltration irrigation system had a high collection efficiency. The rainfall collection of the infiltration irrigation system was linearly related to rainfall (R²=0.995 5), and the rainfall collection rate was logarithmically related to rainfall (R²=0.693 9).