资源植物藏茵陈的研究进展

本文对藏茵陈资源以及藏茵陈在分子生物学、指纹图谱、胚胎学、组织培养等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

Comparison of Crinipellis perniciosa isolates from Brazil by ERIC repetitive element sequence-based PCR genomic fingerprinting

Fifty isolates of Crinipellis perniciosa originating from Theobroma cacao , Heteropterys acutifolia and Solanum lycocarpum , from six states within Brazil, were characterized through ERIC-PCR, representing the first application of this method for molecular characterization within C. perniciosa . Phenetic analysis of banding patterns revealed a separation of isolates on the basis of host of origin, with T. cacao -derived isolates showing only a 0·2 similarity level to a cluster comprising the isolates from H. acutifolia and S. lycocarpum . Considerable intraspecific variability was observed within C. perniciosa isolates from T. cacao , with distinct groups observed correlating with geographical origin. Given that a number of isolates from T. cacao from the Amazon region grouped with isolates from Bahia state, this work discusses the possibility that current C. perniciosa populations pathogenic on T. cacao in Bahia originated from the Amazon region, rather than from alternative host plants.     

18份杨树资源的遗传多样性分析

【目的】正确评价杨树资源的遗传多样性，为其新品种选育和资源利用提供理论依据。【方法】以来自黑杨派和白杨派的18个杨树无性系为试验材料，利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳从84对SSR引物中初步筛选出多态性较好的12对，再利用12对SSR荧光引物构建18个杨树无性系的指纹图谱并进行遗传多样性分析，同时依据遗传相似系数构建聚类图并进行亲缘关系分析。【结果】筛选出的12对引物共检测到91个多态性位点，每对引物检测到的多态性位点为4~12个，平均为7.6个，观测杂合度平均为0.482 8，Shannon信息指数平均为1.801 5，Nei’s基因多样性指数平均为0.794 8；通过引物PMGC-2385和PMGC-2500构建了18个无性系的指纹图谱，该指纹图谱可将全部无性系区分开。UPGMA聚类分析表明，18个无性系的遗传相似系数在0.549~0.978，平均遗传相似系数为0.764，黑杨派与白杨派无性系遗传相似系数变幅分别在0.681~0.978和0.549~0.912，均具有较高的遗传变异性；18个无性系被分为黑杨与白杨2大类及6个亚群，与传统形态分类学结果基本一致。【结论】18份杨树资源的遗传多样性较为丰富，SSR分子标记技术结合STR分型检测技术在杨树资源的鉴定与分类中具有一定的可靠性。     

毕节特产珍稀药材圆珠半夏的HPLC指纹图谱分析

为毕节大方圆珠半夏质量标准的建立提供参考,采用HPLC法对10批不同产地及不同采收时间的圆珠半夏进行了指纹图谱研究。结果表明:测定的10批半夏样品有23个共有峰,共有峰面积为91.6%~95.8%,相对峰面积的RSD为0.12%~0.40%;共有峰的相对保留时间从0.182~1.810min,相对保留时间的RSD在0.02%~0.10%。结论,该方法具有良好的稳定性和重复性,可用于圆珠半夏化学成分分析。     

利用SCoT对甜菜种质资源的鉴定及遗传多样性分析

为了研究SCoT分子标记技术对甜菜种质资源鉴定的可行性。利用80条SCoT引物对48份甜菜种质资源进行鉴别,同时对种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。结果表明,80条SCoT引物中有6条能够扩增出清晰、且多态性高的条带,分别为SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT17和SCoT23,其中引物SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT14和SCoT23单独使用均可鉴别全部的48份种质资源,引物SCoT13和SCoT17共同使用可以鉴别48个种质资源;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.15处,95.8%的种质资源均聚为一类,从分子角度上表明甜菜种质资源遗传距离较小。本研究为利用SCoT分子标记技术鉴别甜菜种质资源、对种质资源进行亲缘关系鉴定、杂交组合亲本选配以及分子标记辅助育种等提供相关科学依据。     

Spectrum-Effect Relationship Between High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Anticoccidial Activities of a Compound Chinese Medicine

Quality control and screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicines have been performed using fingerprint analysis. The spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and efficacy of herbal drugs is considered as a potentially useful method for determining active ingredients in complex mixtures. The study was designed to develop a method for determining the bioactive components of a compound Chinese medicine called Tiefeng based on spectrum-effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints and anticoccidial activities. Four peaks of the established HPLC fingerprint indicate the main bioactive components of this medicine. In addition, pharrnacodynamic atlas was defined and used to assess the anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng from different sources for the first time. We found that the level of anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng was consistent with the degree of similarity between the pharmacodynamic atlas and chromatogram of any sample. Furthermore, effect of this medicine was related with the main active constituents, along with the origin and the harvesting time.     

Impact of traditional soil burning (guie) on Planosol properties and land‐use intensification in south‐western Ethiopia

In the Gilgel Gibe catchment in Ethiopia, local farmers intensify land use on Planosols by adjusting a traditional soil burning practice known as guie. The burning practice used to be applied in a cycle of shifting cultivation. However, more recently, farmers burn small plots to make fertile seedbeds for Eucalyptus seedlings in the first year before these trees are transplanted to larger plots. The purpose of this research was to assess the physico‐chemical properties of Planosols that have been subjected to burning over the last 10 yrs and evaluate the contribution of guie to land‐use intensification of these soils. Transect studies and interviews of local farmers, followed by chemical, physical and micromorphological analyses of samples from selected plots were used to compare the soil properties of recently (0–2 yrs) and formerly (3–10 yrs) burnt Planosols with those of unburnt Planosols. The analytical results show that the burning practice improved nutrient availability in the first 2 yrs after guie. Increased amounts of exchangeable aluminium (Al) were reported in the long term. Charge fingerprints illustrate that the nutrient‐buffering capacity of the soil was high shortly after the practice but subsequently decreased with time. Given the population pressure on the formerly extensively used Planosols, it is argued that the current application of guie on small, localized plots for raising Eucalyptus seedlings is well adapted to the local socio‐economic context and promotes land‐use intensification on the Planosols. The increased exchangeable Al content of former Eucalyptus seedbeds merits further in‐depth research into the biophysical sustainability of the burning practice.     

60Co-γ射线和电子束辐照灭菌对葛根提取物抗氧化活性及指纹图谱的影响

为评价⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照灭菌对葛根提取物品质的影响效应及其差异性,采用不同剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ射线(0、2.8、5.7、8.3、10.6 kGy)和电子束(0、2.4、5.1、7.7、10.3 kGy)辐照处理葛根提取物,研究辐照对其微生物总数、抗氧化活性及指纹图谱的影响。结果表明,⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照均能有效降低葛根提取物中需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数,随着吸收剂量增大,抑制作用增强。⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照吸收剂量分别为5.7 kGy和5.1 kGy时,葛根提取物均达到《中国药典》所规定的微生物限度标准(需氧菌总数为10³ CFU·g^-1、霉菌和酵母菌总数为10² CFU·g^-1);吸收剂量分别为5.7 kGy和7.7 kGy时,需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数均降至10 CFU·g^-1以下。此外,大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)与沙门氏菌(Salmonella)均未检出。2种辐照方式均对葛根提取物的DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率、羟自由基(·OH)清除率以及总还原能力无显著影响(P>0.05)。不同剂量⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照处理葛根提取物特征峰的相似度达到1.0,且相对保留时间的相对标准差(RSD)均小于0.5%,表明2种辐照方式对葛根提取物指纹图谱均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照对葛根提取物微生物具有较强的抑制作用,2种辐照方式均不会对葛根提取物的抗氧化活性及指纹图谱产生显著影响,不影响葛根提取物的有效性及质量稳定性。该研究为2种辐照技术,特别是电子束辐照在葛根药材、饮片及其中成药制剂灭菌中的合理应用提供了科学参考。     

Fingerprint of GBE by Microemulsion High Performance Thin-layer Chromatography

Twelve types of gingko flavonoids were separated with SDS/n -C4 HgOH/n- C7 Hls/H2O microernlusion as developer on polyamide film. The polarity of the microemulsion was regulated through adding or reducing water. Compared with general mobile phase, the sensitivity of detection was improved markedly and the test results were satisfied. By means of HPTLC, fingerprint was argued on gingko flavonoids. It can meet the needs of simple and convenient, reasonable standard quality control methods.     

Automatic Fingerprint Classification by GA-Based Neural Network

Fingerprint classification can provide an important indexing mechanism in a fingerprint database. An accurate and consistent classification can greatly reduce fingerprint matching time for large database. In the paper, by combining genetic algorithm and neural network is presented a fingerprint classification algorithm which is able to achieve an accurate classification. By inputting the global feature represented by directional image to three layer neural network trained by genetic algorithm, the fingerprints were classified into six categories: whorl, right loop, left loop, arch, double loop and undiscerning type successfully.