影响黄果西番莲授粉受孕率的一些因子

黄果西番莲花形大 ,其结构和显花过程对昆虫 (特别是小型昆虫 )传粉有一定限制 ,自然授粉坐果率不高。人工授粉试验表明授粉受孕率与花粉贮藏时间、花粉潮湿、授粉量和花粉种、株间来源有关 :当天采集的花粉授粉受孕率为 97.5% ;室温下保藏 1d ,受孕率为 12 .8% ,保藏 2d受孕率为 0 ;柱头粘着花粉量大 ,受孕率为 92 .5% ,败育率 13.5% ,花粉量少 ,受孕率为 2 2 .5% ,败育率为 4 0 .7% ;种、株间授粉受孕率 10 0 % ,自花授粉、同株异花授粉、同株繁殖的无性苗 ,株间授粉均不孕     

7 种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病菌的抑菌效果试验

【目的】明确 7 种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病的防治效果,筛选高效安全生物药剂用于指导百 香果生产。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法测定 7 种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病菌的毒力效果,观察药剂对病原 菌孢子生长及形态的影响,并用离体接种法测定药剂的防治效果。【结果】7 种生物药剂处理对菌落生长均有 抑制作用,但对孢子的生长和形态的效果不同。室内毒力测试结果显示植物源药剂中抑菌效果最佳为井冈霉素 （EC50 为 7.79 mg/L）,其次为春雷霉素（EC50 为 26.35 mg/L）、乙蒜素（EC50 为 28.65 mg/L）、苦参碱（EC50 为 339.13 mg/L）和多抗霉素（EC50 为 1 150.29 mg/L）。微生物药剂以枯草芽孢杆菌效果较好,EC50 为 3.2×106 CFU/g。 筛选毒力较强的 4 种生物药剂均可抑制百香果茎基腐病不同菌株生长。离体试验和田间防效试验表明井冈霉素 和枯草芽孢杆菌生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病防治效果显著,两者的离体防效分别为 58.8% 和 70.6%,田间防治 效果则达到 53.7% 和 61.3%。【结论】针对百香果茎基腐病,筛选出枯草芽孢杆菌、井冈霉素两种抑菌效果最 佳的生物药剂,可作为化学防治方法的替代或有效补充进行推广应用。     

Meiotic behavior of passion fruit somatic hybrids, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener + P. amethystina Mikan

Somatic hybrids (SH) obtained by protoplast fusion were investigated for meiotic behavior in order to determine their possible use in breeding programs. Flower buds from four genotypes of SH between P. edulis f. flavicarpa (E) and the wild species P. amethystina (Am) denoted SH (E + Am) # 12, # 13, # 28 and # 35 were collected and the microsporocytes analysed. Meiotic phases showed the presence of abnormalities such as univalents, bivalents and quadrivalents, laggard chromosomes and anaphase bridges. At least 14 bivalents were observed in most of the cells of the hybrid plants. The percentage of cells with quadrivalents ranged from 73.3 in (E + Am) # 13 to 93.3 in (E + Am) # 28 and # 35. Analysis of pollen viability (V) indicated V = 88.23% for # 12, V = 83.86% for # 13, V = 84.20% for # 28, and V = 72.90% for # 35, and fruit development was observed. The high pollen viability, together with the multivalent pairing observed in the four somatic hybrids indicates that these materials can be used for the genetic improvement of yellow passion fruits aiming at introgressions of genes for resistance to diseases and pests. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

用音乐点燃激情——论干部教育中的音乐教育

激情能调动起身心的极大潜能,是保持工作热情和能动性的强大动力。但激情持续的时间常常是短暂的,需要不断地激发才能保持。而音乐是最易点燃激情的形式之一。在干部教育中开展音乐教育,可以达到点燃激情、唤起工作热情的目的。中国井冈山干部学院在开展音乐教育方面进行的积极探索,具有借鉴意义。     

两个品种百香果营养成分比较分析

试验对2个不同品种的百香果(紫香1号和平塘1号)开展营养成分比较研究,结果表明,2个品种百香果中均含有人体必需的7种氨基酸,总含量以平塘1号较高;矿物质元素Ca、K含量都较高。此外,百香果中还含有丰富的维生素C和维生素E、蛋白质、膳食纤维、总糖等营养物质。总体来看,平塘1号在多个营养成分含量方面更为显著,可以作为大面积推广应用的新品种。     

国内外西番莲农药MRLs标准比较分析

农药残留是评价农产品质量安全的重要指标。农药残留限量标准的制定是监督科学生产和保护消费者健康的基本措施,是各国政府实施技术性贸易壁垒的手段。随着西番莲果汁在国际市场的需求逐年上升,西番莲种植受到广泛关注。通过对中国、美国、日本、国际食品法典委员会(CAC)、欧盟和东盟国家的西番莲农药MRLs标准进行比较分析,掌握了各国西番莲农药残留标准动态并对差异性进行了分析研究,为中国完善西番莲农药残留限量标准提出参考建议,为中国西番莲产业健康发展奠定基础。     

YELLOW PASSION FRUIT PLANT NUTRITIONAL DIAGNOSIS AT DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES BY THE DIAGNOSIS AND RECOMMENDATION INTEGRATED SYSTEM METHOD

This work was performed in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate the nutritional status of yellow passion fruit plants along different phenological stages, using the DRIS method. Fifty-four passion fruit cultivated areas with an annual yield productivity ranging from 6.95 to 33.8 t ha^?1 year^?1 and average productivity of 16.9 t ha^?1 year^?1 were selected in the region. The contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and boron (B) were evaluated. The reference standards were established (mean and variation coefficient) for the values of the nutrient concentration ratios, two by two, on samples from high yield productivity plantations and analyzed by the DRIS index of nutrients for the medium and low yield productivity areas. The established standards differed according with the phenological stage of the culture. In a general way, the mean content of the evaluated nutrients did not differed between the two productivity levels into each phonological stage. There was a difference for the Nutritional Limitation Order between different phenological stages of yellow passion fruit plants. The most negative DRIS indexes and the highest absolute values for the Average Nutritional Balance on yellow passion fruit plants in the region, were found for potassium in May, phosphorus in October and iron in January.     

贮藏温度对成熟百香果贮藏品质的影响

为了探明贮藏温度对成熟百香果贮藏品质的影响,为提高百香果采后贮藏品质提供参考。以‘台农一号’百香果为材料,分别把成熟果实放于4℃、8℃冰箱和室温下贮藏,每2天测定相关品质指标。结果表明,低温贮藏（4℃和8℃）均能显著延缓百香果果皮转色和皱缩,可以保持较高感观品质和延长货架期,低温贮藏TSS、TA和TSS/TA和感官品质都没有显著差异(P>0.05)。室温贮藏,4~6天TSS显著高于低温贮藏(P<0.05),14天时显著低于低温贮藏(P<0.05),10天后TA显著低于低温贮藏(P<0.05),6天后TSS/TA显著高于低温贮藏(P<0.05),2~6天感官品质显著高于低温贮藏(P<0.05),10天后显著低于低温贮藏(P<0.05)。失重率都是随着贮藏时间延长和贮藏温度升高而升高。总之,6天前室温贮藏果实品质优于低温贮藏,而低温贮藏可以保持较高的感观品质和延长货架期。     

Pectic hydrolysates in the diet of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen): Growth performance,blood and liver biochemistry,histological parameters and intestinal contents

The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of pectin hydrolysates that were extracted from agroindustrial waste (apple pomace—AP and passion fruit peel—PFP) and were added to the diet of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). A 49‐day biological assay was conducted, and five test diets were evaluated: one diet was a control diet and the other four diets included pectin hydrolysates (2.5 and 5 g/kg). At 49 experimental days, biometric data and biological material were collected to determine the performance, plasma and liver and histological parameters and to evaluate the intestinal contents. The results were analysed by the normality test, which was followed by an analysis of the variance; the treatment means were compared by an orthogonal contrast analysis at a 5% level of significance. The inclusion of 2.5 g/kg apple pomace hydrolysates resulted in a greater production of butyric acid, increased thickness of the muscular layer and higher goblet cell count in the intestine. The inclusion of 5 g/kg apple pomace hydrolysates led to a greater concentration of liver protein. Further studies are needed to increase the knowledge about the use of these additives in the diet of silver catfish and to establish levels that allow greater gains for the species.