寄主植物对桃蚜羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的诱导作用

在１９９５～１９９６年研究了寄主植物对桃蚜［Ｍｙｚｕｓｐｅｒｓｉｃａｅ（Ｓｕｌｚｅｒ）］羧酸酯酶（ＣａｒＥ）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）的诱导作用。在试验的甘蓝、茄子和桃树３种寄主植物中，取食甘蓝的桃蚜种群ＣａｒＥ和ＡＣｈＥ活性最高，取食茄子和桃树的桃蚜种群ＣａｒＥ活性没有明显不同，而ＡＣｈＥ活性取食茄子的桃蚜种群明显高于取食桃树的种群。ＣａｒＥ与底物的亲和力是桃树＞茄子＞甘蓝，而ＡＣｈＥ与底物的亲和力则是甘蓝＞茄子＞桃树。ＡＣｈＥ与毒扁豆碱的双分子速率常数（Ｋｉ）值大小顺序为甘蓝＞桃树＞茄子     

甲酸乙酯对米象乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的影响

报道了甲酸乙酯对米象[Sitophilus oryzae(Linnaeus)]乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)的活性影响,甲酸乙酯对米象表现出很高的毒力,25℃下熏蒸处理24 h的LC₅₀为28.65μL/L。亚致死剂量的甲酸乙酯可以使米象成虫体内AChE的比活力显著下降,用20μL/L的浓度处理24 h,AChE的比活力由15.684 nmol/mg.min下降至9.530 nmol/mg.min;酶动力学研究表明,甲酸乙酯可使米象成虫体内AChE的K_m值明显增加。对于羧酸酯酶,在活体条件下表现为先抑制后激活的规律,离体条件下则主要表现为抑制作用,且随着药剂浓度的增大抑制率也增大。     

Effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and carboxylesterase activity in Bemisia tabaci biotype B and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), have become serious pests of cotton and vegetable crops in China since the early 1990s. In recent years, however, B. tabaci have broken out more frequently and widely than have T. vaporariorum. The B. tabaci biotype B has also developed higher resistance to several insecticides. Here, the effects of four different host plants on the insecticide susceptibility of B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum have been compared. The LC(50) values of imidacloprid, abamectin, deltamethrin and omethoate in T. vaporariorum reared on cucumber were significantly higher than those in B. tabaci (the LC(50) values in T. vaporariorum were respectively 3.13, 2.63, 2.78 and 6.67 times higher than those in B. tabaci). On the other hand, the B. tabaci population reared on cotton was more tolerant to all four insecticides tested than the T. vaporariorum population from the same host, especially to abamectin (up to 8.4-fold). The effects of the four host plants on the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE) in B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum were also compared. The results showed that, although the CarE activity of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum varied depending on the host plants, the B. tabaci population possessed significantly higher CarE activity than the T. vaporariorum population reared on the same host plant. This was especially so on cucumber and cotton, where the CarE activities of the B. tabaci population were over 1.6 times higher than those of T. varporariorum. The frequency profiles for this activity in B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum populations reared on same host plant were apparently different.     

不同地理种群棉蚜三种关键性酶活差异及其与抗性相关性

【目的】研究新疆不同地理种群棉蚜3种酶的活性及抗药性的差异。【方法】测定新疆库尔勒、五家渠、石河子、奎屯、哈密地区棉蚜和实验室敏感种群羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,并分析3种酶活性与吡虫啉抗性之间的关系。【结果】库尔勒、五家渠、石河子、奎屯和哈密地区乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力比值分别为4.2、2.7、2.3、2.5、2.1倍和2.3、1.5、1.3、2.5、2.1倍,差异显著（P<0.05）;羧酸酯酶比活力比值为6.5、4.2、3.4、2.7、1.2倍,除哈密地区相对接近外,其余地区均明显高于1.0,差异显著（P<0.05）,2种棉蚜关键解毒酶和1种神经传导关键性酶与抗药性之间存在一定相关性。【结论】各地理种群棉蚜3种酶活性均显著高于敏感种群（P<0.05）,且彼此之间存在差异性,羧酸酯酶在棉蚜感受到吡虫啉杀虫剂胁迫时极有可能起到重要作用。     

羧酸酯酶及其介导昆虫抗药性的研究进展

本文从分类、结构和水解作用机制、抗药性以及抗药机理等方面综述了昆虫羧酸酯酶的研究进展,旨在为进一步深入研究羧酸酯酶介导昆虫抗药性提供参考和奠定基础.     

棉蚜羧酸酯酶同工酶cDNA片段的基因克隆与序列分析

采用简并引物和降落PCR技术,克隆了棉蚜2个羧酸酯酶同工酶基因的cDNA片段,分别命名为Ag.est1和Ag.est2。其中Ag.est1为479bp,编码160个氨基酸;Ag.est2为476bp,编码159个氨基酸。序列同源分析表明,PCR扩增获得的Ag.est1和Ag.est2基因与其他昆虫的羧酸酯酶具有较高的相似性。2个羧酸酯酶同工酶基因cDNA片段的GeneBank登录号分别为:AF502083、AF502084。     

不同柑桔种质资源对桔全爪螨酶活性及其对药剂敏感性的影响

采用生物测定和微量滴度酶标板法,研究了7种柑桔种质资源上桔全爪螨种群对炔螨特的敏感性及其体内羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性的变化。结果表明取食不同柑桔种质资源的桔全爪螨对炔螨特的敏感性不同,按其LC50从小到大依次排列为大浦、太田柑、天草、纽荷尔、枳壳、德尔塔和北碚447。其中在北碚447上种群的LC50是大浦上种群的6.96倍。生化分析表明,取食不同柑桔种质资源的桔全爪螨体内的羧酸酯酶活性不同,从低到高依次为大浦、太田柑、天草、纽荷尔、枳壳、德尔塔和北碚447。比较7个种群羧酸酯酶活性个体频率分布发现,北碚447和德尔塔种群中有更多的桔全爪螨个体向酶活性高的区域分布,且对药剂的敏感性与酯酶活性间存在显著的相关关系。     

白背飞虱羧酸酯酶与乙酰胆碱酯酶的体躯与亚细胞分布特征

白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)羧酸酯酶(CaE)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)的体躯及亚细胞分布特征研究结果表明，若虫头、胸、腹部中CaE活性分别占50.8%，26.0%和23.2%，雌成虫各占33.0%，23.5%和43.5%，雄成虫各占26.5%，23.2%和50.3%。若虫、雌雄成虫的AchE活性均主要分布于头部，各占总活性的87.7%，71.1%和74.7%。差速离心结果表明，该飞虱CaE主要位于胞质溶胶层中，其活性占57.0％～66.9%；AchE活性在胞质溶胶层中仅占5.8%～17.0%，而62.8%～76.9%的活性则分布于线粒体层、细胞核和细胞碎片层中。最后就上述两种酶在细胞中的存在形式作了讨论。     

Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B‐biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC₅₀ values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8‐, 10.3‐ and 7.29‐fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97‐, 1.79‐ and 1.30‐fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long‐term induction of host plants for B‐biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry