菊花CgF3’H基因克隆及表达特性分析

根据菊花花器官表达序列标签序列设计引物,采用PCR和5’-RACE技术对类黄酮3'-羟化酶(F3’H)基因进行全长cDNA克隆.克隆获得F3'H cDNA全长为1 760 bp,其开放阅读框(ORF)为1 524 bp,编码一条包含508个氨基酸残基的多肽,GenBank登录号为AB523844.预测该基因编码的蛋白分...     

强旱生植物沙冬青AmERF基因的克隆及生物信息学研究

为了分离克隆强旱生植物沙冬青的ERF基因,研究其结构和功能,在已对沙冬青cDNA文库和EST分析的基础上,设计了1对特异性引物,利用PCR技术分离克隆了1个沙冬青ERF基因.该基因全长899 bp,没有内含子,开放阅读框633 bp,编码211个氨基酸,编码的蛋白理论MW=23 216.0,理论pI=8.20.     

Aspergillus niger 乳糖酶基因的克隆及序列分析

利用PCR及RT-PCR技术从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌株DL116中克隆到了乳糖酶基因组DNA，cDNA序列(GENBANK ACCESSION No.EF103141)。序列分析表明，乳糖酶基因组DNA序列长3368bp，其中含有8个内含子，cDNA编码区长2967bp，共编码988个氨基酸，氨基酸序列中共含有12个潜在的糖基化位点。并将此基因与不同来源的乳糖酶基因进行了同源性比较     

两个陆地棉过氧化物酶cDNA的克隆和鉴定

从陆地棉优质材料7235不同发育时期的棉纤维混合cDNA文库中分离出2个与过氧化物酶相关的cDNA克隆GhPOD1和GhPOD2。GhPOD1是利用5’RACE技术得到的长度为1 489 bp的完整cDNA序列,开放读码框长度为816 bp,编码271个氨基酸,BLAST结果表明,该基因和拟南芥中已报道的过氧化物酶基因同源性最高。GhPOD2是通过对cDNA克隆直接测序获得,其插入片段长度为1 355 bp,开放读码框长度为999 bp,编码332个氨基酸,BLAST结果表明,该cDNA序列与已报道的1个陆地棉纤维过氧化物酶基因（pod8, L08199）氨基酸相似性达99％。RT－PCR分析表明GhPOD1是一个组成性表达的基因,而GhPOD2在根中不表达,而在茎、叶、胚珠和纤维细胞中表达,并从开花后14 d起,在纤维细胞中表达量逐渐减弱。进化树分析显示GhPOD1与已知的11个过氧化物酶基因距离都较远,是1个新的陆地棉过氧化物酶基因;GhPOD2与相似性高的pod8在同一分支,但与其余的第3类过氧化物酶也有较大的差异。Southern杂交结果表明这两个基因在陆地棉基因组中都存在2个拷贝,推测A、D亚组中各有1个拷贝。GhPOD1和GhPOD2的棉花转基因功能验证正在进行。     

红鳍东方 SREBP-1和 SREBP-2基因克隆及表达分析

为了研究红鳍东方 SREBP-1和 SREBP-2基因的功能及在脂肪代谢中的分子机制，从红鳍东方脂肪组织提取总 RNA，反转录获得 cDNA 模板，利用设计的引物 PCR 扩增获得 SREBP-1和 SREBP-2开放阅读框（ORF）， SREBP-1基因 ORF 区的 cDNA 序列长度为3330 bp，编码1109个氨基酸，SREBP-2基因 ORF 区的 cDNA 序列为3444 bp，编码1147个氨基酸。实时荧光定量 PCR 检测 SREBP-1基因在红鳍东方不同组织中的表达特征，结果表明， SREBP-1在脑组织中表达丰度最高，其次为眼、脂肪组织、肠、鳃、脾脏、心脏及肝脏，在肌肉中表达丰度最低。将SREBP-1连接到原核表达载体 pET32a 上，利用 IPTG 对重组质粒 pET32a-SREBP-1在大肠杆菌 Rosetta（DE3）进行诱导表达，SDS-PAGE 电泳显示在141 kDa 处有特异性的条带出现。     

海带lhcf4基因克隆和配子体差异表达研究

根据糖海带(Laminaria saccharina)光捕获蛋白基因lhcf4的cDNA全长序列(GenBank登录号:AF226860)设计引物,通过RT-PCR方法获得海带(Saccharina japonica)配子体lhcf4基因的cDNA全长序列,共1042 bp,编码一个含218个氨基酸的前体蛋白LHCF4...     

小麦脂质转运蛋白cDNA结构及相应肽链构造特征的分析

根据测序获得的1条261 bp cDNA片段,通过电子延伸、设计引物,从小麦Mardler/7*百农3217(Pm2)的cDNA中扩增获得1条651 bp的cDNA片段,通过同源比对发现其包含小麦LTP1 完整的编码序列.该片段包含基因的5'非翻译区42 bp,3'非翻译区261 bp,开放阅读框348 bp,编码115个氨基酸.预计蛋白的分子量为11.2 kD,等电点为9.46.此基因有8个位置保守的半胱氨酸(C)残基及25个氨基酸的信号肽,为典型的植物脂质转运蛋白基因.其基因序列数据库(GenBank)登录号为AY796184(基因)和AAV65513(蛋白).通过疏/亲水性分析,发现肽链分子具有较大范围的疏水面.     

全明星草莓乙烯受体Etr1基因克隆及序列分析

克隆了与草莓成熟有关的乙烯受体Etr1基因片段,为进一步研究Etr1基因功能并通过基因技术改善草莓贮运性能奠定基础.以全明星草莓成熟果实中分离到得基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增到一条约600 bp的特异片段,将该片段克隆到pEGM-T easy vector上经测序分析,基因全长617 bp,编码205个氨基酸.序列分析结果表明,该序列与Chandler-Etr1的cDNA序列同源性98%,氨基酸序列同源性97%.     

夜来香LIS基因的克隆与表达分析

为了研究夜来香生物钟和花香代谢机制,本研究以夜来香花瓣为材料,利用PCR技术,从中获得了夜来香LIS基因的全长cDNA,并命名为CnLIS。生物信息学分析结果表明:该cDNA序列全长为1 800 bp,编码560个氨基酸,其中ORF为1 683 bp,5'UTR为56 bp,3'UTR为61 bp;该序列编码的氨基酸序列与软枣猕猴桃、温州蜜柑LIS基因的同源性分别为55%、50%,属于类异戊二烯合成C1超级家族。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,0~12 h CnLIS表达水平较低,16 h后表达量明显上调,20 h表达量达最大,随后表达量急剧下降,其表达量随花瓣开放与闭合呈节律性变化。推测CnLIS可能参与夜来香香气形成,调控花香形成过程,同时,该基因的表达可能受生物钟基因所调控。     

疣粒野生稻金属硫蛋白(OMMT-2)基因的获得及序列分析

从疣粒野生稻叶片cDNA文库中分离出1个金属硫蛋白基因的cDNA序列,命名为OMMT-2。该基因全长532bp,其中5’非翻译区为111bp,3’非翻译区171bp,开放阅读框长249bp,编码82个氨基酸,该蛋白的分子量为7775.9,理论等电点为6.49;基因编码的氨基酸含有14个半胱氨酸(Cys),占了总氨基酸的17.07%,且集中分布在肽链的N端和C端,呈CXC和CXXC排列方式。疏水性分析表明,该蛋白在43~56个氨基酸之间有较强的疏水区。通过氨基酸序列分析表明,金属硫蛋白中半胱氨酸的位置和数目有较强的保守性,揭示了半胱氨酸对金属硫蛋白的功能十分重要。     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Relation between wheat-rye crossability and seed set of common wheat after pollination with other species in the Hordeae

Summary Cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of high wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) crossability set more seed with pollen of other related species than did wheats of low wheat-rye crossability. This was found to be true for pollen parents from the genera Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Agropyron and Elymus.     

Breeding apomictic bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) with improved turf traits

The development of a turf‐type bahiagrass could have a remarkable impact on the billion‐dollar turf industry in the south‐eastern United States. The goals of this study were to (i) select bahiagrass genotypes with improved turf attributes and (ii) determine the reproductive mode and seed fertility of selected genotypes. The population included mutants, wild types, hybrids and standard cultivars evaluated at two locations for two years. Morphological variation was observed and clonal repeatability (H²) ranged from 0.27 to 0.90. Flowering was extremely reduced in some mutants, which also exhibited dark green colour, finer texture and reduced canopy height. Cytoembryological observations revealed that diploids reproduced sexually and tetraploids by obligate or facultative apomixis. Genotypes with superior seed fertility were identified, while others were comparable to the standard cultivars. While mutant plants exhibited great morphological variation, the random mutations did not affect their reproductive mode, validating the use of mutagenesis in apomictic species. The high H² indicated that selection for improved turf attributes could be successfully performed with the advantage of clonal seed propagation.     

Inheritance of fruit colour in a wild Russian red raspberry seedling

Summary A new gene, i, from a self-incompatible wild Russian Rubus idaeus seedling is described. The gene i interacts with the fruit colour gene T, Tii plants having apricot instead of red fruits, and spines, leaves and stems pigmented to varying degrees. A deficit of apricot-fruited seedlings in progenies segregating for i could be explained by linkage between i and the self-incompatibility S locus with a crossover value of approximately 26.7%.Segregations for spine colour in crosses and backcrosses of the Russian seedling with two green-spined (ttII) raspberries selected for their yellow fruit colour, showed that both the latter carried the spine colour intensifier gene P. This suggests that earlier authors were incorrect in attributing the apricot fruit colour developed by some tt plants to a pleiotropic effect of P.     

Flag Leaf Senescence, as Evaluated by Numerical Image Analysis, and its Relationship with Yield under Drought in Durum Wheat

Senescence was evaluated at different stages of the grain‐filling period in eight durum wheat varieties using numerical image analysis (NIA). The varieties were grown under early, severe drought conditions on the high plains of Sétif in Algeria. After flowering, three different irrigation treatments were applied. Treatment effect was small, while a genotypic effect was noted for most of the senescence parameters. Senescence correlated to biomass, while the maximal rate of senescence, V_smax, correlated to thousand‐kernel weight. The potential of the method of numerical image analysis for monitoring flag leaf senescence, detecting genotypic variability and selecting genotypes with delayed senescence is discussed.     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata): Genetics,genomics and breeding

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), is an important grain legume grown in the tropics where it constitutes a valuable source of protein in the diets of millions of people. Some abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect its productivity. A review of the genetics, genomics and breeding of cowpea is presented in this article. Cowpea breeding programmes have studied intensively qualitative and quantitative genetics of the crop to better enhance its improvement. A number of initiatives including Tropical Legumes projects have contributed to the development of cowpea genomic resources. Recent progress in the development of consensus genetic map containing 37,372 SNPs mapped to 3,280 bins will strengthen cowpea trait discovery pipeline. Several informative markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to desirable attributes of cowpea were generated. Cowpea genetic improvement activities aim at the development of drought tolerant, phosphorus use efficient, bacterial blight and virus resistant lines through exploiting available genetic resources as well as deployment of modern breeding tools that will enhance genetic gain when grown by sub‐Saharan Africa farmers.     

Screening for resistance to take-all in wheat,triticale and wheat-triticale hybrid lines

Summary Fifteen triticale and wheat-triticale hybrid lines were evaluated for resistance to the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and compared with five wheat and two rye lines in inoculated field and pot trials. The triticale and wheat-triticale hybrid lines varied in rye chromosome number and degree of resistance expressed. One line, Venus with seven pairs of rye chromosomes consistently showed levels of resistance intermediate between wheat and rye. A trend was observed where increasing rye chromosome content led to greater resistance but exceptions showed that variation within triticales could not be ascribed to rye chromosome content alone.     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.