Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,substance P, 5-hydroxytryptamine,met-enkephalin and neurotensin on the swimbladder smooth muscle of two teleost species,Gadus morhua andAnguilla anguilla

The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), neurotensin (NT) and met-enkephalin (mEnk) on the smooth muscles of the teleost swimbladder were studied in two teleost species, the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and the eel (Anguilla anguilla). The study was made on isolated strip preparations of the muscularis mucosae, using putative transmitters corresponding to the immunoreactive materials that have previously been localized by immunohistochemical methods in nerves or endocrine/paracrine cells of the teleost swimbladder and/or the gastrointestinal canal. VIP was relaxatory on both cod and eel swimbladder smooth muscle, SP and 5-HT were constrictory in both species, and mEnk was excitatory on the eel swimbladder smooth muscle. Clear effects of these agents were usually seen at a concentration ofca. 10 nM in cumulative concentration/effect experiments. NT had no effect in either species. In the eel, the effects on the pneumatic duct were generally greater than on the swimbladder proper. The study indicates that the 5-HT and peptides previously observed by immunohistochemistry have physiological functions in the swimbladder.     

Discrimination of geographical origin of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by multielement analysis using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

This study aims to determine the authenticity of the geographical origin of rice using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and chemometrics. The profiles of 25 elements in brown rice measured by ICP-AES were subjected to data-mining processes, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA clearly discriminated the geographical origin of rice samples grown in three countries. Eleven elements (Cu, Ag, Zn, Cr, Ca, Ba, Cd, Bi, K, Pb, and In) significantly contributed to the ability to discriminate the geographical origin of the rice. These results demonstrate the use of multielement profiling combined with chemometrics as a tool for discriminating food origins. This study extends our knowledge about the applications of both multielement profiling and chemometrics for the determination of food authenticity, and thus can be useful for controlling the geographical origin of rice by governmental administration and protecting consumers from improper domestic labeling.     

农林生物质能转化利用技术论文的统计分析

基于维普《中文科技期刊数据库》,以2001～2007年为时间段,对有关农林生物质能转化利用技术的论文进行检索。检索论文包括生物质发电、生物质成型燃料、生物质热解、生物质气化、燃料乙醇和生物柴油等6方面。以检索的论文为研究对象,进行论文发表年度、主题分析。通过统计分析,可以了解当前国内生物质能在转化技术、开发利用方面的研究现状和发展趋势。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白VIP3研究进展

营养期杀虫蛋白（vegetative insectcidal protein,VIP）是由苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt）在营养生长指数中期至稳定期期间分泌产生的一类新型杀虫因子,分为VIP1、VIP2和VIP3三种,以VIP3的研究最为深入。VIP3A对鳞翅目害虫具广谱杀虫活性,可作用于敏感昆虫中肠上皮细胞刷状缘膜囊致离子通道的形成,杀虫活性达纳克级水平。利用Bt ICPs不同启动子与vip3基因重组可提高VIP3蛋白的表达量和稳定性。转vip3基因植物也已有构建成功的报道。本文从VIP3的类型和杀虫活性、作用机理、vip3基因的定位和分离、vip3基因重组和转vip3基因植物等方面详细介绍了VIP3近十年来的研究进展。     

血管活性肠肽在皖西白鹅下丘脑与垂体中的分布

【目的】对青春期和休产期皖西白鹅下丘脑和垂体中血管活性肠肽的分布与表达进行研究。【方法】采集青春期和休产期皖西白鹅的下丘脑和垂体,应用免疫组织化学PV-9000二步法并结合DAB显色技术,对血管活性肠肽的免疫反应阳性分布进行定位,并用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析阳性区域的累积光密度值。【结果】血管活性肠肽免疫反应阳性细胞主要分布于青春期和休产期皖西白鹅下丘脑的弓状核、室旁核、内侧核、视上核、乳头体内侧核等处及腺垂体中;休产期皖西白鹅下丘脑和垂体中的血管活性肠肽的累积光密度值显著高于青春期。【结论】血管活性肠肽可能对皖西白鹅的休产状态有一定的调控作用。     

免疫血管活性肠肽调节鸡产蛋和就巢的机理研究

旨在研究免疫血管活性肠肽(Vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP)和抑制催乳索(Prolactin,PRL)分泌对鸡产蛋和就巢的影响机制.试验1:对18周龄未开产的泰和鸡,分别在试验d1、d28、d56和d84免疫含VIP羧基端15肽片段的VIP-BSA偶联蛋白,观察对产蛋和就巢的影响.试验2:利用刚开产的23周龄粤黄鸡,在试验d1、d23、d48、d73、d98免疫VIP串联四聚体重组蛋白,观察对产蛋和就巢的影响,并在第98天检测卵泡发育和下丘脑、垂体、F1～F3级LYF颗粒层和膜层相关基因的表达.试验1中免疫VIP组在开产后高峰期(d55～d61)的产蛋率显著低于对照组,但高峰后的(d89～d103)产蛋率显著高于对照组,同时免疫VIP组的就巢发生也要迟于对照组.试验2中,VIP免疫组的产蛋率在试验初高于对照组;在d33将光照从12 h延长至16 h后,2组的产蛋率均快速上升;产蛋高峰后,免疫组产蛋率快速下降并在dS0～d105显著低于对照组.免疫VIP重组蛋白也降低了就巢的发生.2组鸡在d98的大黄卵泡、小黄卵泡和大白卵泡的数量无显著差异.免疫VIP重组蛋白并不影响下丘脑Gn-RH-Ⅰ和VIP、垂体LHβ和FSHβ的mRNA水平,但显著降低了垂体PRL的表达,也显著降低了垂体和下丘脑PRLR的表达.在检测的F1～F3卵泡组织中,免疫VIP重组蛋白也显著降低了F1和F3颗粒层的PRLR mRNA水平,降低了F1～F3颗粒层和膜层的LHR表达量,但对P450scc和StAR的表达量没有影响.两试验结果表明,免疫VIP能够降低PRL的表达和分泌,从而抑制产蛋引发的就巢发生,但是免疫VIP在抑制PRL表达分泌后也会抑制卵泡发育和产蛋,这一机制可能是通过影响卵泡组织LHR的表达而实现的.     

基于GLUE方法的植被界面过程模型(VIP)的不确定性分析

生态系统模型一般参数较多,且在应用时存在时空尺度问题,易产生不确定性。通过模型不确定性分析,可以加深对模型结构的理解,提高模型预报的可靠性。植被界面过程模型(VIP)是一个综合考虑了陆地生态系统能量收支、水文循环和碳氮等生命元素吸收转化等过程的生态/水文动力学模型。本文采用GLUE(General-ized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation)方法,以拟合度系数作为似然判据,利用华北平原冬小麦生长季内的田间观测数据分析VIP模型中的作物生长、土壤水分运动以及光合速率模块中8个参数以及模型预报的不确定性。研究表明,最大光合速率Vmax、饱和含水量wcsat、田间持水量wcfield参数为敏感性参数,其对似然判据的影响大,其余参数是相对不敏感参数。在置信度为95%水平下,发现观测值大都接近或者包含在置信预报区域内,说明可以通过参数校准得到很好的模型模拟效果。     

《广西植物》关键词分析

基于关键词分析原理和方法,以《维普信息资源系统》中《中文科技期刊数据库》为数据源,对1999~2001和2006~2008年《广西植物》论文关键词进行统计,比较分析了关键词数量及其对应论文分布,尤其是关键词偶数量及其对应学科分布,提供了该刊的文献学评价。     

中国三大全文数据库收录医药类专业期刊比较分析

全文数据库是医务工作者获取文献的重要来源。文章通过对中国三大全文数据库医药卫生专业收录期刊的比较分析,旨在为医务工作者的学习和科研提供参考和帮助。     

Quantitative relationships between suckling-induced teat stimulation and the release of prolactin,gastrin, somatostatin,insulin, glucagon and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in sows

The pituitary hormones prolactin and oxytocin play important roles in the production and ejection of milk. In addition, some gastrointestinal peptides are released in response to suckling. During suckling, the piglets massage the udder of the sow both before and after let-down and the duration of suckling is correlated to the amount of milk produced by the sow. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a quantitative relation between the release of prolactin, gastrin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the amount of stimulation of the sow's teats by the piglets.Repeated blood samples were drawn from three Swedish Landrace sows during three consecutive nursings by each sow on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after parturition. The duration of massage by the piglets was noted, as was the number of piglets massaging. Hormone levels were quantified by radioimmunoassay.The releases of prolactin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon and VIP but not of gastrin were found to be significantly related to the amount of teat massage performed by the piglets during the first 2 weeks of lactation. The release was related to the duration of piglet massage or to the combined effect of duration and the number of piglets massaging but not to the number of piglets massaging per se. The basal level of prolactin was found to decrease during this time.