催乳素及其受体在右玉边鸡卵巢中的表达及与就巢性的相关性研究

为揭示催乳素(PRL)和其受体(PRLR)与右玉边鸡就巢性的相关性,本研究采用免疫组织化学、免疫印迹分析了PRL和PRLR在不同日龄的鸡卵巢中的分布与表达水平,采用ELISA法对不同产蛋水平的鸡血清中PRL含量进行分析。结果表明:PRL和PRLR在卵巢发育期(70日龄)的表达量较低,开产期(165日龄)表达量明显升高,产蛋高峰期(220日龄)表达量下降,在就巢期(330日龄)表达量又上升,且PRL和PRLR在不同日龄卵巢的颗粒细胞和卵泡腔中的免疫阳性物强弱与表达量相一致;PRL在就巢期右玉边鸡血清中含量显著高于产蛋高峰期。综上,PRL和PRLR在产蛋前可以促进卵泡发育,但到产蛋后抑制卵泡发育,促进就巢。由此可见,ELISA检测PRL可以作为鸡产蛋水平监测手段。     

维生素、矿物质与能量蛋白质水平对浙东白鹅母鹅繁殖性能、血液生殖激素浓度及生殖轴相关基因mRNA相对表达量的影响

本试验通过在饲粮中添加维生素与矿物质、调整饲粮能量蛋白质水平,旨在研究其对浙东白鹅母鹅繁殖性能、血液生殖激素浓度和生殖轴相关基因mRNA相对表达量的影响.选择138只月龄相近的浙东白鹅种母鹅,按体重相近原则分为3组,分别饲喂不同的饲粮,试验期150 d,测定繁殖性能(平均产蛋数、平均蛋重、受精率和孵化率)、血液生殖激素[卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P4)、雌二醇(E2)、催乳素(PRL)]浓度和生殖轴相关基因[促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、卵泡刺激素-β(FSHβ)、雌激素受体1(ESR1)、雌激素受体2(ESR2)、卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)、催乳素(PRL)、催乳素受体(PRLR)] mRNA相对表达量的变化.结果表明:1)添加维生素与矿物质可显著提高浙东白鹅母鹅第1产蛋周期平均蛋重和受精率(P＜0.05);提高第2产蛋周期内血液FSH和P4的浓度,降低LH浓度,改变E2、P4和PRL浓度波动(P＜0.05);下调下丘脑PRLR、垂体PRL和卵巢PRLR基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05),上调卵巢ESR2基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05).2)调整饲粮能量蛋白质水平可显著提高浙东白鹅母鹅第2产蛋周期平均蛋重(P＜0.05);提高浙东白鹅第2产蛋周期内血液LH浓度,降低FSH浓度,改变E2和P4浓度波动(P＜0.05);上调下丘脑GnRH、垂体PRL和PRLR基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05),下调卵巢FSHR基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05).由此得出,添加维生素与矿物质、调整饲粮能量蛋白质水平可通过影响产蛋周期内部分血液生殖激素浓度和波动,局部调节生殖轴相关基因的mRNA相对表达量,改善浙东白鹅母鹅的繁殖性能.     

马岗鹅产蛋-就巢周期内卵泡发育的内分泌调控

旨在探讨马岗鹅产蛋-就巢周期内卵泡发育的内分泌调控机制。试验1：观察了马岗鹅产蛋-就巢周期内PRL、LH、P4和INB水平的变化和就巢期（第1天）、就巢终止期（第10天）、开产期（第25天）、产蛋高峰期（第40天）、停产期（第55天）和就巢期（第70天）卵泡的发育。试验2：在对马岗鹅终止就巢时（第1天）主动免疫重组鸡PRL蛋白（1 mg·只^-1）,并在开产前（第23天）和产蛋高峰期（第45天）加强免疫（0.8和0.5 mg·只^-1）,同时从第33天将每天光照由11 h增至16 h,观察对马岗鹅产蛋和就巢的影响。试验1结果表明,随着就巢的终止,PRL水平下降,LH、P4和INB水平上升。PRL在开产前降至最低,开产后又逐渐上升,就巢期达最高;LH则在开产前和产蛋期呈现两波分泌峰;P4和INB与PRL呈相反变化,在产蛋高峰期最高,就巢期最低。鹅群在第24天恢复产蛋,开产前有约10枚大白卵泡（LWF）发育为小黄卵泡（SYF）和大黄卵泡（LYF）;在约30 d的产蛋期内,平均每只产蛋约8枚,产蛋结束后90%的鹅发生就巢。试验2结果表明,对马岗鹅主动免疫PRL蛋白一定程度推迟（P〈0.05）了开产后产蛋率的上升,并一定程度抑制就巢的发生;而在延长光照15 d后,免疫组的产蛋和就巢则快速升至与对照组相当水平。整个试验期,2组累计就巢均达到100%,但免疫组比对照组多产蛋1枚（8.0 vs 7.0）。结果提示,PRL和LH的交替分泌调控马岗鹅的产蛋就巢周期;卵泡发育时分泌的INB,以及由P4促进分泌的PRL,调节周期中卵泡发育和产蛋的数量。PRL不仅促进就巢发生并导致周期内较低等级卵泡的闭锁,可能还在开产前后具有促进卵泡发育和产蛋的作用。     

预防雌禽就巢行为的措施

<正> 1.免疫方法免疫方法就是通过主动或者被动免疫雌禽,来中和或抑制与就巢有关的激素从而达到终止就巢的目的。Sharp(1997)采用抗 PRL 和 VIP 抗体对鸡进行被动免疫,能迅速而有效地中止就巢行为。陈锋等(1997)试验发现在泰和鸡中主动免疫 VIP 可以降低血浆的 PRL 水平,减少抱窝率,提高产蛋率。EIHalawali 等     

不同日龄和羽型太行鸡卵巢繁殖调控基因的表达分析

旨在mRNA水平上研究催乳素受体(PRLR)、促卵泡激素受体(FSHR)、雌激素受体2 (ESR2)、多巴胺受体2(DRD2)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)5个繁殖调控基因在5个不同日龄的太行鸡卵巢中的表达变化,为太行慢羽鸡的高产蛋性能提供依据。应用RT-qPCR方法检测快慢羽太行鸡卵巢组织中5个基因的mRNA相对表达量,2~(-ΔΔCt)表示的相对表达量进行羽型和日龄的差异分析,2~(-ΔCt)表示的相对表达量进行基因间相关性分析。结果显示,52(育雏末期)～300d(产蛋高峰期)太行鸡PRLR表达持续升高,慢羽鸡表达均高于快羽鸡,且在250d产蛋高峰期慢羽鸡表达显著高于快羽鸡((1.20±0.23)vs(0.58±0.16),P0.05);但0d表达最高并显著高于其他日龄(P0.05),且快羽鸡表达显著高于慢羽((2.76±0.00)vs(0.70±0.54),P0.05);FSHR表达量随日龄逐渐降低,但慢羽鸡表达均高于快羽鸡,且在0,52d显著高于快羽鸡((23.97±1.28)和(12.93±4.37)vs (18.00±0.00)和(6.00±2.15),P0.05);DRD2表达呈现波动降低,0d慢羽鸡表达显著高于快羽鸡((51.86±9.42)vs(15.88±0.00),P0.05);5个日龄ESR2表达慢羽鸡均高于快羽鸡,且在250d产蛋高峰期慢羽鸡显著高于快羽鸡((2.71±0.75)vs(1.11±0.40),P0.05);VIP表达在139(开产期)～300d(产蛋高峰期)逐渐升高,产蛋高峰慢羽鸡表达高于快羽鸡但差异不显著(P0.05)。PRLR和FSHR对卵巢卵泡发育发挥关键作用,与慢羽太行鸡的高产蛋水平密切相关;DRD2、ESR2和VIP在太行鸡发育和产蛋过程中表达波动变化,对PRLR和FSHR的表达存在调控作用影响太行鸡的产蛋性能。     

黑羽番鸭PRL、PRLR基因序列分析及表达规律研究

催乳素(Prolactin,PRL)由动物垂体前叶分泌,与其受体(Prolactin receptor,PRLR)相结合才能作用于靶细胞。为了解PRL与PRLR基因在黑羽番鸭不同繁殖阶段各组织内的时空表达规律,利用RACE扩增方法获得了PRL与PRLR基因的CDS区序列,同时应用荧光定量与免疫组化相结合的方法,对产蛋前期、产蛋期、就巢期的黑羽番鸭垂体、卵巢、子宫中PRL与PRLR基因的表达量进行了比较分析。结果显示:PRL与PRLR基因序列在多种禽类中高度同源;PRL基因在垂体、卵巢、子宫中m RNA的表达具有明显的空间特异性,PRL基因在垂体中表达量最高,极显著高于卵巢和子宫中的表达量(P0.01),这种趋势贯穿产蛋前期、产蛋期和就巢期。PRLR基因在不同时期各组织内m RNA的表达具有明显的时空特异性。PRLR基因的表达量在垂体、卵巢中的表达量普遍较低,子宫中的表达量最高。PRLR基因在不同时期垂体和卵巢中的表达量没有明显的差异(P0.05),而子宫中的表达量在就巢期显著高于产蛋前期与产蛋期(P0.05)。     

皖西白鹅催乳素受体基因表达特点的研究

采用荧光定量PCR法,研究了皖西白鹅催乳素受体基因(prolactin receptor,PRLR)在产蛋不同时期及生殖轴不同组织mRNA的表达特点。结果表明,在垂体、下丘脑和卵巢组织中,皖西白鹅产蛋前期PRLR表达水平较低,至产蛋期降至最低,抱窝期上升至极高水平,休产期再次下降至较低水平,且各组织均表现出相似的规律,但卵巢中的表达量相对较高;就巢期间,在就巢前、中、后期,PRLR mRNA表达量在各组织呈现不同的变化规律,垂体组织中表达量呈"V"形变化,在中期前下丘脑中PRLR mRNA维持稳定,到后期有所下降,卵巢中表达量呈梯形下降。PRLR mRNA表达量在不同周期及不同组织中的变化规律反应了PRLR对皖西白鹅就巢的影响,PRLR对鹅就巢的调控可能在转录时期已经开始。     

维生素A、维生素C和维生素E混合物对浙东白鹅繁殖机能的影响

研究了添加VA、VC和VE混合物(1.5 kg/t饲料)对浙东白鹅繁殖性能、血浆激素浓度和下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴基因mRNA水平的影响。结果显示:饲喂维生素混合物可显著提高浙东白鹅第1产蛋周期蛋重和受精率(P<0.05),但对第2产蛋周期产蛋量、蛋重、受精率和孵化率影响有限;饲喂维生素混合物可提高浙东白鹅第2产蛋周期内血浆FSH、P4、HCG和赖抱期、恢复期E2的浓度,降低LH浓度,改变浙东白鹅产蛋周期内FSH波动规律(P<0.05),降低下丘脑内PRLR、垂体内PRL和卵巢内PRLR基因的mRNA水平(P<0.05),提高卵巢内ESR2基因的mRNA水平(P<0.05),对下丘脑内GnRH、垂体内PRL和FSHβ、卵巢内PRL、ESR1和FSHR基因的mRNA水平影响不显著。因此,VA、VC和VE混合物可以通过影响繁殖期内部分血浆激素浓度变化,下调生殖轴PRLR mRNA水平以减弱PRL信号,从而改善浙东白鹅的繁殖性能。     

鹅繁殖就巢机理研究进展

鹅是季节性繁殖禽类且大多数品种具有较强的就巢性,其中光照是重要的控制因子.光照通过作用于下丘脑的光感受器将光电磁信号转换为激素信号,然后进行一系列信号传导,通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调节鸟(禽)类的生殖活动.下丘脑在光照调控下释放GnRH和VIP,促进PRL的分泌,且使PRL分泌呈季节性变化.PRL表达量的上升与就巢行为的起始和维持具有密切的相关性,在生殖功能退化时达到峰值.目前从分子水平对PRL及相关功能基因进行了大量研究,通过主动或被动免疫PRL或VIP抗体,可以降低PRL的分泌,抑制就巢行为.     

预防雌禽就巢行为的措施

抱性是由环境、内分泌系统和基因型互作而产生。目前就环境控制、非抱性基因型(白来航与红色原鸡的正反反复杂交表明,控制就巢表达的主要基因位于Z染色体上)选择对抱性的控制已取得明显效果,但成本较高。1免疫方法免疫方法就是通过主动或者被动免疫雌禽,来中和或抑制与就巢有关的激素从而达到终止就巢的目的。Sharp(1997)采用抗PRL和VIP抗体对鸡进行被动免疫,能迅速而有效地中止就巢行为。陈锋等(1997)试验发现在泰和鸡中主动免疫VIP可以降低血浆的PRL水平,减少抱窝率,提高产蛋率。EIHalawali等(1995)在火鸡上用主动免疫的方法,成功…     

Effects of immunisation against leptin on feed intake, weight gain, fat deposition and laying performance in chickens

1. Three experiments were conducted to study the effects of leptin on weight gain and body composition in laying hens. 2. The effects of immunisation against chicken leptin on feed intake (FI), fat deposition and laying rate were observed in laying Guangdong yellow-feathered hens. Ten hens were inoculated with leptin immunogen on d 3, 31, 63 and 84, together with 10 control hens immunised with bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the 100-d experiment, immunisation against leptin increased blood anti-leptin antibody titres, slightly reduced plasma T3 concentrations, slightly decreased FI and increased live weight; however, laying rate was significantly depressed and abdominal fat mass was increased by the end of the 100-d experiment. 3. Passive immunisation of 50-d-old pullets with yolk extract containing anti-leptin antibody IgY significantly increased FI within 6 h of treatment compared with physiological saline treated controls. 4. In growing 70-d-old pullets, inoculation with 0.5 (group 1) or 1 (group 2) ml leptin immunogen on d 1 and 28 of the experiment slightly increased FI and significantly increased daily gain compared with BSA-immunised control pullets. Abdominal fat mass on d 49 increased from 48+/-4.5 g in controls to 66+/-3.5 and 80+/-3.1 g in groups 1 and 2, respectively. 5. It was suggested that immunisation against leptin mimicked loss of leptin bioactivity and might become a novel technique to stimulate fat growth in certain types of animal production.     

添喂β-甘露聚糖酶对蛋鸡生产性能和日粮表观利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究豆粕型日粮中添喂β-甘露聚糖酶对蛋鸡生产性能和日粮表观利用率的影响。选择健康新罗曼产蛋鸡（33周龄）600羽,随机分为3组,每组200羽鸡。对照组不添加β-甘露聚糖酶,试验1组添加0.03% β-甘露聚糖酶,试验2组添加0.05% β-甘露聚糖酶,试验期35 d。结果蛋鸡(33～37周龄)日粮中添加0.03%、0.05% β-甘露聚糖酶蛋重比对照组分别提高5.12%（P<0.05）和7.08%（P<0.05）;蛋壳厚分别增加11.60%（P<0.05）和9.39%（P<0.05）。蛋鸡(51～55周龄)饲喂0.03%、0.05% β-甘露聚糖酶产蛋率比对照组分别提高4.20%（P<0.05）和5.55%（P<0.05）。蛋鸡(36周龄)饲喂0.03%、0.05% β-甘露聚糖酶干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和钙利用率分别比对照组提高6.15%（P<0.05）和4.10%（P<0.05）、6.36%（P<0.05）和6.60%（P<0.05）、2.04%（P<0.05）和3.21%（P<0.05）、3.84%（P<0.05）和7.08（P<0.05）。蛋重比对照组分别提高了1.32%（P<0.05）和2.46%（P<0.05）。饲喂β -甘露聚糖酶可以提高产蛋鸡生产性能和饲料表观消化率。     

膨化棉籽粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同比例膨化棉籽粕替代豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响.选取40周龄海兰褐蛋鸡360羽,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复18羽.对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验1组用6％普通未膨化棉籽粕替代豆粕,试验2、3、4组分别用6％、8％、10％的膨化棉籽粕替代豆粕,试验期8周.结果表明:1)饲粮中不同比例膨化棉籽粕对蛋鸡生产性能影响不显著(P＞0.05),而试验1组产蛋率和平均蛋重显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),料蛋比显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).2)与对照组相比,各试验组蛋黄颜色均显著加深(P＜0.05),而试验1、4组蛋白高度显著降低(P＜0.05).饲粮添加棉籽粕对蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度无显著影响(P＞0.05).3)试验1组总蛋白、钾含量均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于对照组和试验2组(P＜0.05),尿酸含量显著高于试验2组(P＜0.05);试验4组血清总钙含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).随着膨化棉籽粕添加量的增加,血清总蛋白、总钙和钾含量均逐步降低,谷丙转氨酶活性则逐步升高,呈现一定的剂量-效应关系.饲粮添加棉籽粕对血清白蛋白含量无显著影响(P＞0.05).由此可见,蛋鸡饲粮中添加8％膨化棉籽粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标无明显影响.棉籽粕膨化处理能有效降低游离棉酚对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质等的影响,提高蛋鸡对棉籽粕的利用能力.     

Effects of Antimicrobial peptides on egg production,egg quality and caecal microbiota of hens during the late laying period

This study was conducted to determine the effects of diet supplementation of laying hens with antimicrobial peptides (AMP) on egg production, egg quality and caecal microbiota. A total of 360 Hy‐Line Brown laying hens (72 weeks old) were divided into three groups with four replicates of 30 birds each. The laying hens were fed with the basal diet (Control), the basal diet + 50 mg/kg AMP (group 1) and the basal diet + 100 mg/kg AMP (group 2). The experiment lasted for 45 d. Eggs were collected daily and caecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment. The results showed that AMP supplementation caused a significantly increased laying rate and decreased feed/egg ratio (p ＜ .05). Meanwhile, a distinctive difference in cecal microbiota was observed between AMP and control groups and the average values of microbial diversity and richness were lower in the AMP group than in the control group. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were lower in the AMP group than in the control group. In conclusion, the results indicated that dietary supplementation with AMP can improve egg production and affect the cecal microbial community membership and structure of hens during late laying period.     

葡萄原花青素对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究葡萄原花青素(grape procyanidins,GPC)对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血浆、肝脏和蛋黄抗氧化能力的影响。选取产蛋率、体重相近,健康状态良好的64周龄罗曼蛋鸡288只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组:饲喂基础饲粮;GPC50组和GPC100组:分别在基础饲粮中添加50和100 mg/kg的GPC;抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚(tert-butyl hydroquinone,TBHQ)组:基础饲粮+200 mg/kg TBHQ。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)GPC显著抑制了产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋率和鸡蛋哈夫单位下降(P0.05),显著增加了蛋壳厚度(P0.05)。2)GPC50组蛋鸡血浆和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著提高(P0.05),血浆和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P0.05);TBHQ显著提高了蛋鸡血浆T-SOD活性(P0.05),显著降低了肝脏M DA含量(P0.05)。3)GPC显著提高了蛋黄T-SOD活性(P0.05),显著降低了蛋黄M DA和胆固醇含量(P0.05);TBHQ显著降低了蛋黄M DA含量(P0.05)。综上,饲粮添加GPC可改善产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋率和哈夫单位,增加蛋壳厚度,改善机体抗氧化能力,其中以50 mg/kg GPC添加效果较好,优于200 mg/kg TBHQ。     

Influence of enrofloxacin and chloramphenicol on the level of IgY in serum and egg yolk after immunostimulation of hens with Salmonella enteritidis antigens

In the chicken, maternal antibodies are transferred into the egg and subsequently transported into the developing embryo. IgG (called IgY) is the primary immunoglobulin isotype of the egg yolk. Their level in serum depends on the correct function of immunological system in laying hens. Many factors have a direct or indirect influence on antibody level in fowl. One of them is a commonly used antibiotic, but its influence on avian immune system is still unknown. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of enrofloxacin and chloramphenicol on the level of IgY antibody in serum and egg yolk after immunostimulation of hens with living cells of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis and lipopolisaccharide. Forty adult egg-laying Arbor Acres and Isa 215 hens (32 and 50 weeks old) from the reproductive flocks and 1640 of their eggs were used for the investigation. No clinical symptoms of any diseases were observed in birds during the entire breeding period. Additionally the birds were checked as free from Salmonella spp. in the beginning of the experiment. The birds were divided into 6 experimental and 2 control groups (5 birds in one group). The hens in the experimental groups were immunized with S. Enteritidis antigens: living bacteria and lipopolisaccharide and treated with enrofloxacin or chloramphenicol. Antibiotics were administered in drinking water for 10 days (from 3rd to 13th day of experiment). To indicate anti-S. Enteritidis, antibodies in sera and egg yolk were used indirectly on ELISA based on lipopolisaccharide from S. Enteritidis. As conjugate these were applied anti-chicken IgY with horseradish peroxidase and ABTS with H2O2 as obtained. Additionally, to detect antibody in serum, a rapid slide test was used with Pullognost and Enterognost standard antigens made in the laboratory. The study revealed that both antibiotics tested decreased the level of specific IgY in laying hens immunized with living bacteria and lipopolisaccharide. It seems that antibiotics have a suppressive effect on the immunological system. The strongest immunosuppressive effect was exerted by chloramphenicol.     

Protection of laying hens against Salmonella Enteritidis by immunization with type 1 fimbriae

Eighteen chickens were immunized subcutaneously with purified type 1 fimbriae from Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis at 18 and 21 weeks of age. Evidence of IgG and IgA responses was found in the eggs and in the sera of the immunized hens. Three weeks later, immunized and non-immunized chickens (n=18) were challenged intravenously with 2x10(7) live Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis. There was no significant difference in the numbers of eggs laid by immunized and non-immunized birds. The percentage of Salmonella contaminated eggs was significantly higher in the non-immunized group than in the immunized group due to a higher percentage of contamination of the externally disinfected egg shells. There were no statistical differences in the percentages of contaminated yolks and egg whites between control and immunized birds. No differences in the number of colonizing bacteria could be found in the spleen nor in the liver between the immunized and the control groups throughout the experiment. Salmonella was cleared from the ovary of the immunized birds in the second week p.i., in contrast to the control birds where Salmonella was isolated till the third week after infection. Oviducts were significantly more infected in the control group than in the immunized group. Salmonella was cleared from the oviducts at 3 weeks p.i. in the immunized hens but not in the control hens. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the immunization of laying hens with type 1 fimbriae reduced the number of contaminated eggs and reduced the colonization of the reproductive organs.     

Effects of nanocalcium carbonate on egg production performance and plasma calcium of laying hens

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nanocalcium carbonate (NCC) instead of calcium carbonate (CC) on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, FCR, blood calcium and egg quality characteristics in laying hens. A total of 120 laying hens were used in a 10‐weeks trial, from week 23 to 33 of age. Laying hens were randomly assigned to six treatments with four replications, five hens each. The experimental treatments involved replacing 50% of the CC in the diet by decreasing amounts of NCC and were T1 Basal diet (BD) with 8.06% CC; T2 (6.045% of CC as a negative control); T3 (4.03% of CC replaced by 2.015% NCC); T4 (4.03% of CC replaced by 1.01% NCC); T5 (4.03% of CC replaced by 0.252% NCC) and T6 (4.03 of CC replaced with 0.126%NCC).Egg weight was unaffected by dietary treatments (p > .05). However, the egg production percentage and egg mass in T6 were less than that of other treatments (p < .05). The laying hens in the control group had the best average feed conversion ratio (p < .05). Also, the lowest concentration of calcium in hens’ blood was recorded for birds fed T6 (p < .05). The best egg shell quality (relative egg shell weight and egg shell weight/surface) was observed in T1 (p < .05).Collectively, our results demonstrated that NCC could replace CC at a lower inclusion level but extreme reduction of calcium concentration in diets (to 1.43% Ca in the T6 group) reduced production performance, egg quality characteristics, Tibia thickness and blood calcium of laying hens.     

维生素E对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中不同梯度维生素E添加水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选择60周龄罗曼白壳商品蛋鸡300羽,试验随机分为5组,添加水平分别为0(对照组),30、60、120、240 mg/kg,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡,预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能(P<0.05);与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋壳硬度、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄相对重以及蛋黄颜色(P<0.05),蛋黄总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,在蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著改善其产蛋性能和蛋品质。     

日粮添加虾青素和维生素B2对鸡蛋品质的影响

试验旨在探究虾青素和维生素B2在日粮中的添加量对鸡蛋品质的影响。选择1200只体重相近、健康的45周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复60只鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组蛋鸡饲喂固定比例的基础日粮和0.25%虾青素,混合不同含量的维生素B2(5.0、8.0、11.0、14.0 mg/kg)。预试期1周和正式试验期4周,预试期各组蛋鸡均饲喂基础日粮,正式试验期分别投放上面试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的配比的饲料。结果表明,试验组蛋黄颜色、哈夫单位均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组鸡蛋粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组鸡蛋平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋比重与对照组相比有增大的趋势。试验表明,日粮添加虾青素和维生素B2能提高蛋品质,添加0.25%虾青素和14.0 mg/kg维生素B2效果最好。