基于qPCR和LAMP技术的马铃薯晚疫病菌快速检测方法

马铃薯晚疫病菌（Phytophthora infestans）能侵染多种茄科植物,它引起的马铃薯晚疫病,是马铃薯生产中的第一大病害。为了开发能在田间快速检测马铃薯晚疫病病原的方法,利用P. infestans T30-4基因组测序数据的contig 1.18131,设计qPCR和LAMP引物,优化扩增条件后得到引物的特异性和灵敏度,最后通过检测田间收获薯块,比较形态学传统方法、qPCR及LAMP的差异。特异性检测结果发现,qPCR和LAMP仅在含有P. infestans DNA模板的体系有阳性扩增,在寄主和其他微生物DNA中均无扩增;在优化的条件下,qPCR和LAMP的检测下限可达1×10 ^-6ng/μL,在有寄主和其他微生物DNA存在的条件下,引物的灵敏度没有显著差异。利用两种快速方法对在大理、丽江及昆明3个地区田间收获薯块上检测发现,qPCR和LAMP方法得到的检出率差异极为不显著（P=0.420）,两种快速检测方法和形态学鉴定方法检出率差异极显著（P=0.009）。在大理、丽江及昆明3个地区的薯块中,两种分子检测方法检出率均比形态学方法高。其中,qPCR检测方法比形态学方法分别提高了12.00%、2.00%、8.70%;LAMP检测方法比形态学方法分别提高了11.30%、2.00%、8.70%。     

百脉根单株产量主要农艺性状的相关和通径分析

通过对百脉根单株的11个农艺性状的相关分析,结果表明:分枝长度(X2)、分枝节间数(X3)、分枝茎粗(X4)、侧枝数(X6)、侧枝长度(X7)、侧枝节间数(X8)、侧枝茎粗(X9)对单株产量(Y)的作用达到极显著水平,分枝数(X1)、自然高度(X11)与单株产量的相关性达到显著水平,而分枝叶柄长度(X5)、侧枝叶柄长度(X10)则与产量的相关性不显著.通径分析结果表明:各性状对产量的直接效应从大到小依次为:分枝长度(1.121 6)>分枝节间数(0.346 3)>侧枝长度(0.114 6)>分枝数(0.106 4)>分枝茎粗(0.084 6)>侧枝节间数(0.034 2)>侧枝茎粗(0.028 9)>侧枝数(0.021 6)>侧枝叶柄长度(-0.043 6)>分枝叶柄长度(-0.065 4)>自然高度(-0.748 2).     

超微气泡增氧灌溉对水稻生育特性及产量的影响

以常规粳稻秀水09和杂交籼稻两优培九、国稻6号为试验材料,在2007和2008年采用大田试验,研究了超微气泡增氧灌溉对水稻生物学特性和产量的影响。结果表明,与常规灌溉相比,增氧灌溉处理具有分蘖发生快,叶面积指数大,干物质积累多等优点,尤其在生育后期表现出较大的干物质积累优势。增氧灌溉显著增加了水稻产量,其中秀水09分别增产8.45%(2007)和6.23%(2008)、国稻6号增产9.13%、两优培九增产7.49%。而且增氧灌溉明显提高了水稻有效穗数及结实率,但对水稻每穗总粒数和千粒重影响不明显。     

分离群体中常染色体上标记基因的数量遗传方差——Ⅰ.含有一个数量性状位点(QTL)时的计算方法

应用常染色体上的标记基因研究能够加快数量性状的遗传进展。亲代由标记基因遗传给后代的加性遗传方差值可以用来测定标记基因这种效益。分别在个体水平上以及在复合连续平衡的分离群体水平上建立了标记基因加性遗传方差值的理论方程。这些方程包括与标记基因连锁的数量性状位点数、这些数量性状位点的效应值以及与标记基因有关的重组率。并就分离群体中标记基因加性遗传方差的期望值进行了推导。在分离群体的系谱选择方案中,常染色体上遗传方差中绝大部分与位于该染色体上的标记基因相关。对于牛的一个平均长度染色体来讲,这部分值大约是该染色体孟德尔分离方差值的40% 。标记基因的位置效应和干扰因素对这一期望值的影响是很小的,而染色体的长度对期望方差值影响很大。如果标记基因缺乏多态型以及染色体替代效应估计偏差会大大降低MAS的选择效果。常染色体上标记基因遗传方差期望值的大小表明:即使当标记基因处在一个非活动位点,在分离群体中,仍有较大的染色体替代效应存在。     

AN OBSERVATION STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF DAHURIAN CASEBEARER(COLEOPHORA DAHURICA FLKV.)ADULTS

Through rearing tests and observations under laboratory conditions,biologicalcharacters and mating behavior of Dahurian casebearer(Coleophora dahurica Flkv.)adultswere studied in this paper.Results discovered that the time of emergense of male adultswas 24h to 36h earlier than that of female adults.The peak of sex pheromone secretion ofthe female adults appeared of 24h to 42h after the emergence.The reaction of male adultson the sex pheromone was most sensitive during 30h to 48h after emerged,so the earlieremergence of the male adults was favorable to mating.The phenomenon of repeatedmating did not exist in female adults,but the male adults could mate for several times,with maximum of 4 times.There was a definite behavioral reaction during the matingperiod of male and female adults,and the certain period of feeding and mating times couldaffect the adults longervity to a certain degree.     

硝酸还原酶与氮素利用的关系及其在作物遗传育种中的应用(综述)

本文综述了硝酸还原酶与氮素利用的关系及其遗传特性和在作物育种中应用的某些最新进展。氮吸收、利用等性状的生理和遗传特性极其复杂,受环境影响很大,对其进行遗传改良需考虑多种指标。对硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)与品质性状和产量的关系的争论很多,有些研究表明 NRA 可作为品质、产量性状的选择指标,有些则相反。逆境条件下 NRA 的变化非常敏感,NRA 可能与抗逆性有关。     

蜂胶高生物活性黄酮组分的研究

本文探讨了蜂胶总黄酮中最具活性的黄酮类物质的提取分离、官能结构特征与功能关系、可能的功效,进而提出了如何看待蜂胶总黄酮含量高低的问题.     

对小麦F1代正反杂交组合的灰色关联度分析

运用灰色系统的理论和方法,对2002～2003年18个小麦F1代正反杂交组合的7个主要性状进行综合分析,计算其灰色关联度,分析正反杂交组合的差异,结果表明:200237品系最好,200212品系次之,200246品系最差.同时只有200237和200238、200213和200214品系的正反杂交组合表现为优良组合.     

Molecular genetics of behaviour: research strategies and perspectives for animal production

Genetic factors are undoubtedly involved in inter-individual variability of the behaviours that may be important for livestock production, as shown by pedigree studies, comparison of genetic stocks raised in the same environment, and selection experiments. The knowledge of gene polymorphisms responsible for genetic variability would increase the efficiency of selection, as shown for instance by the identification of the ryanodine receptor gene that harbours the mutations responsible for the porcine stress syndrome, that allows the eradication of the susceptibility allele. One strategy is to screen systematically the genes that are known to be involved in regulation of behaviour (functional candidate genes). This strategy is however very difficult for most behavioural traits, since behaviour is an emerging function from the whole brain/body and the molecular pathways involved in genetic variability are very poorly understood. Another strategy is to investigate linkage between trait variation and genetic markers in a segregating population (usually an intercross or backcross between two strains or breeds contrasting for the trait under study). It allows the detection of genomic regions influencing that trait (quantitative trait loci or QTL), and further investigation aims at the identification of the gene(s) located in each of these regions and the molecular polymorphisms involved in phenotypic variation. Although many QTL have been published for behavioural traits in experimental animals, very few examples are available where strong candidate genes have been identified. Further progress will be very much dependent upon the careful definition of behavioural traits to be studied (including their importance for animal production), on the reliability of their measurement in a large number of animals and on the efficient mastering of environmental factors of variability. The fast increase in the knowledge of genome sequence in several species will undoubtedly facilitate the application to farm animal species of the knowledge obtained in model organisms, as well as the use of model organisms to explore candidate genes detected by QTL studies in farm animals.     

万寿菊的研究进展

本文概述了万寿菊的主要品种、形态特征、生物学特性、香气组成成分、功能用途、栽培管理方式及育种等内容，并对万寿菊的发展前景作了展望．