单次肌注亚硒酸钠在仔猪体内的药代动力学

按 0 .2 m g/ kg单剂量对健康仔猪肌注亚硒酸钠溶液后 ,研究了其在血液中的药物代谢动力学。结果表明 :血液动力学特征符合一级吸收二室开放模型 ,其理论方程为 :C=0 .1773e- 0 .0 548t+0 .0 72 7e- 0 .0 0 2 6 t- 0 .2 5 0 0 e- 1 3.882 3t。主要动力学参数为 :吸收半衰期 (t1 /2 Ka)为 0 .0 4 99h;达峰时间 (tmax)为 0 .4 2 37h;消除半衰期 (t1 /2β)为 2 71.9311h;曲线下面积 (AU C)为 31.72 6 0 m g/ L·h;表观分布容积 (Vd)为 2 .4 72 1L/ kg。根据单剂量药动学参数 ,计算多剂量给药参数 ,为临床治疗制定给药方案。先导剂量 (D* )为 0 .5 0 89m g/ kg,维持剂量 (D0 )为 0 .2 mg/ kg,给药间隔 (τ)为 192 h,平均稳态血药浓度 (c)为 0 .16 5 2 mg/ L。     

亚硒酸钠浸种对春小麦种子萌发特性的研究

为研究硒浸种对春小麦种子活力和幼苗生长特性的影响,分别设置0,0.5,1.0,2.5,3.5,5.0,10.0,50.0 mg/L共8个亚硒酸钠溶液浓度,通过发芽试验,比较研究了不同浓度的亚硒酸钠浸种对春小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:随着亚硒酸钠溶液浓度升高,春小麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗和根长以及干鲜重等指标均呈先升高后下降的趋势;1.0 mg/L的亚硒酸钠溶液对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长有促进作用;随着亚硒酸钠浓度的升高(≥2.5 mg/L),其各项指标显著下降,并对根和苗的生长表现出抑制作用;因此在实际生产中,掌握合适的硒浸种浓度非常关键.     

Effects of different dl‐selenomethionine and sodium selenite levels on growth performance,immune functions and serum thyroid hormones concentrations in broilers

This trial was conducted in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different dl ‐selenomethionine (dl ‐Se‐Met) and sodium selenite (SS) levels on growth performance, immune functions and serum thyroid hormones concentrations in broilers. A total of 840 Ross 308 broilers (7 days old) were allocated by body weight to seven treatments (three replicates of 40 birds each treatment) including (1) basal diet (containing 0.04 mg of selenium (Se)/kg; control) without supplementary Se; (2, 3 and 4) basal diet + 0.05, 0.15 or 0.25 mg/kg Se as SS; (5, 6 and 7) basal diet + 0.05, 0.15 or 0.25 mg/kg Se as dl ‐Se‐Met. The experiment lasted 42 days. The results revealed that dietary Se supplementation improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, immune organ index, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and triiodothyronine (T₃) concentrations and decreased (p < 0.01) thyroxine (T₄)/T₃ ratio in serum compared with the control. Broilers receiving the dl ‐Se‐Met‐supplemented diets had higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency, thymus index, the amounts of IgA, IgG, IgM and T₃ as well as lower (p < 0.05) serum T₄ concentrations and T₄/T₃ ratio than those consuming the SS‐supplemented diets. Serum IgA and IgM levels of broilers fed 0.15 mg Se/kg were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of broilers fed 0.05 or 0.25 mg Se/kg. In summary, we concluded that dl ‐Se‐Met is more effective than SS in increasing immunity and promoting conversion of T₄ to T₃, thus providing an effective way to improve the growth performance of broilers. Besides, based on a consideration of all experiment indices, 0.15 mg Se/kg was suggested to be the optimal level of Se supplementation under the conditions of this study.     

Germination-enhancing and zinc-sparing roles for selenium in broccoli

Large areas of China have soils low in both available selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). In order to investigate whether Se supplied as either selenate or selenite can increase germination and growth compared with low-Se controls we used broccoli, an important vegetable with anticancer effects, especially when biofortified with Se. Broccoli was grown under both Zn adequacy and Zn deficiency to determine whether interactions between these minerals affect plant growth. Selenite and selenate at a wide range of doses increased the speed and extent of germination. Both inorganic Se forms increased early root and shoot growth at low concentrations, with selenite having a stronger effect than selenate. A sand culture trial showed a similar growth increase due to low-dose Se under Zn deficiency but not under Zn adequacy. Conversely, at high Se levels, the results provided evidence from biomass, water use, photosynthesis and gas exchange that broccoli growth was inhibited at high Se levels, with selenite being more toxic than selenate. In this broccoli trial, the two Se forms were equally effective in increasing leaf Se concentration, whereas in most plants selenite is largely converted to organic Se forms and stored in the roots. This study suggests that Se, supplied either as selenate or selenite, may improve germination and growth in broccoli, especially on Zn-deficient soils. Field trials conducted on soils which are very low in both plant-available Se and Zn are needed.     

不同水平的亚硒酸钠对鸡心肌组织硒沉积及组织结构的影响

通过在公鸡日粮中添加不同水平的亚硒酸钠,研究硒在公鸡心肌组织中的沉积量和对其组织结构功能的影响,以期为亚硒酸钠在禽类生产中的应用提供参考依据。试验选取80只体重接近、健康无疾病的海兰白成年公鸡,随机分成4组,每组20只,分别在日粮中添加0、0.3、0.6和1.0 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠。试验结束时,采集心组织样本,测定硒含量,并通过HE染色观察组织细胞结构。结果表明,公鸡心肌组织中硒含量随日粮硒含量的增加而升高。由此得出,公鸡心肌组织的硒含量随着日粮硒水平的增加而逐渐升高,高硒日粮对心肌组织的结构有一定影响,但由于硒在心肌组织中的沉积能力与其他组织相比较差,因此影响并不明显。     

酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡蛋硒含量动态变化的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡蛋硒含量动态变化的影响。试验选用30周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近健康的海兰褐蛋鸡216只,随机分成3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外添加硒源),试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.30 mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠和酵母硒。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)各试验组产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量、死亡率和料蛋比与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)正试期第56天,试验组常规蛋品质与对照组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)正试期第3天,酵母硒组蛋硒含量显著高于对照组和亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);14 d后,亚硒酸钠组蛋硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);正试期第3、5、7、14、21、28和56天,酵母硒组蛋硒含量比亚硒酸钠组分别显著高出了28.18%、34.98%、45.35%、47.39%、67.53%、63.35%和65.71%(P<0.05)。4)随着试验天数的增加,对照组蛋鸡蛋硒含量显著降低(P<0.05),亚硒酸钠组蛋鸡蛋硒含量呈现先降低后增加的趋势(P<0.05),酵母硒组蛋鸡蛋硒含量显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,33~40周龄,蛋鸡饲粮中不额外添加硒以及添加0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对生产性能和蛋品质无不良影响;相对于亚硒酸钠,酵母硒中硒向鸡蛋中的转移速度更快,效率更高;饲粮添加硒能显著提高蛋硒含量,且饲粮添加酵母硒时蛋硒含量随着饲喂天数的增加而增加。     

酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响

本试验旨在比较酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响,以确定能够替代亚硒酸钠的酵母硒适宜使用量。试验选用30周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的健康海兰褐蛋鸡360只,随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外添加硒源),试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.30 mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠以及0.10、0.20和0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒(试验饲粮中实测硒含量分别为0.176、0.342、0.278、0.302、0.359 mg/kg)。预试期14 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)各试验组产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量、料蛋比和蛋品质与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)亚硒酸钠组和酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05),并随酵母硒添加量的增加显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,相对于亚硒酸钠,蛋鸡对酵母硒吸收和向鸡蛋中的转移效率更高;饲粮添加硒能显著提高蛋硒含量,且蛋硒含量随着酵母硒添加量的增加而增加;饲粮中添加0.10~0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质无不良影响。     

亚硒酸钠对甲基汞中毒大鼠的影响研究

以4 mg/kg氯化甲基汞灌胃28天,建立SD大鼠甲基汞亚急性中毒模型.再给予高、中、低三个剂量的亚硒酸钠,选择补硒后0、30、60、90 d四个时间点进行研究.通过考察大鼠体重、生化指标、汞和硒在体内的分布与排出情况,来研究补充不同剂量、不同天数的硒对甲基汞中毒大鼠的影响.结果表明：对甲基汞中毒大鼠补硒后,可加快体重增长,且表现为低剂量组＞中剂量组＞高剂量组.与对照组相比,补硒30 d的肝脏GSH-Px（谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）和60d的血清GSH-Px显著升高,60 d的肝脏MDA（丙二醛）显著降低,对肾脏无明显影响.补硒组在补硒20 d内,会抑制尿液中汞的排出,高、中剂量组在60 d后可增加汞在脑和肝中的蓄积.试验证实硒对甲基汞中毒具有一定的解毒作用,可加快体重增长,降低肝脏的氧化损伤,以最大无作用剂量补充60 d为宜.     

Hyperaccumulation of selenium in hybrid striped bass: a functional food for aquaculture?

One method of increasing the value of aquacultured product is to produce fillets that are fortified with minerals that are beneficial to human health – that is enhance the functionality of an already healthy product. A good candidate mineral in this regard is selenium (Se) which is of vital importance to normal metabolism in humans. In order to evaluate the dose response and tissue accumulation of supplemental dietary Se, a study was undertaken with hybrid striped bass (HSB). Animals were fed diets supplemented with either organic (0–3.2 mg kg^?1 as SelPlex^®) or inorganic (0.2 and 0.4 mg kg^?1 as sodium selenite) Se for 6 weeks. Because basal fishmeal‐based diets contained 1.22 mg Se kg^?1, doses of Se delivered equated to 1.22–4.42 mg kg^?1. At trial end, greatest weight gain was observed in fish receiving 0.2 mg Se kg^?1, irrespective of form (organic/inorganic). Se accumulation in HSB liver and fillet revealed a classical dose‐response once a threshold level of 0.2 mg Se kg^?1 was surpassed. Greatest tissue accumulation of Se was observed in fish fed the 3.2 mg Se kg^?1 level (P > 0.0001). A 100 g portion of Se‐enhanced HSB fillet would contain between 33 and 109 μg Se, amounting to a dietary intake of between 25 and 80 μg Se; a level that would satisfy present daily intake recommendations. Comparison of tissue Se levels indicated that the muscle provides a more conspicuous gauge of dietary Se dose‐response than does liver. Dietary treatments of between 0.4 and 1.6 mg organic Se kg^?1 reduced (P < 0.024) plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity. No differences were observed in ceruloplasmin, lysozyme or GSH‐Px activities between organic and inorganic Se when delivered at the 0.2 mg Se kg^?1 level. Ceruloplasmin, lysozyme and GSH‐Px levels were elevated (P ≥ 0.025) in fish fed the diet containing 0.4 mg inorganic Se kg^?1.     

家兔亚硒酸中毒的病理形态学研究

给家兔分别肌肉注射不同剂量的亚硒酸钠，历时入周，复制出亚急性硒中毒的动物模型。病理形态学变化为：家兔的生长受到明显抑制，肝，肾，心，脾等组织器官损害严重如肝实质细胞变性，坏死；肾实质退行病变；心肌纤维变性，充血，肺淤血，水肿：脾萎缩，淋巴细胞坏死，肝，肾，心细胞内线粒高度肿胀，嵴减少，断裂或消失成空泡。