无核柚新品种‘华柚2号’

‘华柚2号’是将‘国庆1号’温州蜜柑愈伤组织原生质体与‘华柚1号’叶肉原生质体融合创制的二倍体雄性不育胞质杂种。树势中等，花瓣短而退化，雄蕊败育，雌蕊正常。果实扁圆形，隔离种植下完全无核，平均单果质量1 232.47 g，果皮中等厚，可食率57.03%。果肉粉红色，囊壁薄，果肉化渣多汁，风味浓，可溶性固形物12.37% ~ 13.33%，总酸0.90% ~ 1.20%，固酸比10.42 ~ 14.13，维生素C 24.26 mL • L-1。在湖北武汉地区种植，果实11—12月成熟，5年生嫁接树单株产量约50 kg。     

柑橘园产量等级界定模式的建立

由专家群体对不同品种、种植密度、树龄、产量进行柑橘园产量等级经验评估,应用回归方法筛选出柑橘园产量等级的统一量化模式,为相关应用研究提供可比参考指标.     

靠接换砧矫治枳砧甜橙缺铁黄化研究

靠接红桔、酸桔和枸头橙砧,矫治枳砧甜橙缺铁黄化有明显效果。其中,以枸头橙效果最好,以下依次为酸桔和红桔,靠接砧苗后树势逐年恢复,产量成倍增加,靠接红桔、酸桔和枸头橙分别比对照增产3.3、1.4和1.5倍;对提高果实含糖量、果汁率和降低含酸量亦有良好效果。     

柑桔溃疡病菌存活期的研究

本文对鄂东南地区生态条件下柑桔溃疡病菌在不同场所的存活期进行了研究 ,并对其能否作为侵染源进行了评价。证实在病株病斑内的病菌存活时间可达一年以上 ,是此病发生最主要的侵染源。病菌在田间条件下的土壤、落叶、落果、果皮及自然水中的存活期均相当有限 ;其中以冬季病落叶中的病菌存活期最长 ,也不超过 3个月 ;故年前存在于这些场所的病菌均不能成为第 2年的初侵染源     

Growth- and leaf-temperature effects on photosynthesis of sweet orange seedlings infected with Xylella fastidiosa

The effects of growth and leaf temperature on photosynthesis were evaluated in sweet orange seedlings ( Citrus sinensis cv. Pera) infected with Xylella fastidiosa (the bacterium that causes citrus variegated chlorosis, CVC). Measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll  a fluorescence were taken at leaf temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40°C in healthy and infected (without visible symptoms) seedlings submitted to two temperature regimes (25/20 or 35/20°C, day/night), not simultaneously. The CO₂ assimilation rates ( A ) and stomatal conductance ( g _s) were higher in healthy plants in both temperature regimes. Values for A and g _s of infected and healthy plants were higher in the 35/20°C regime, decreasing with leaf temperature increase. In addition, differences between healthy and infected plants were higher at 35/20°C, while no differences in chlorophyll  a fluorescence parameters were observed except for potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II, which was higher in infected plants. Low A values in infected plants were caused by low g _s and probably by biochemical damage to photosynthesis. The high alternative electron sink of infected plants was another effect of reduced A . Both high growth and high leaf temperatures increased differences in A between healthy and infected plants. Therefore this feature may be partially responsible for lower growth and/or productivity of CVC-affected plants in regions with high air temperature.     

柑橘胼胝质合成酶基因家族的表达分析

胼胝质由胼胝质合成酶合成,胼胝质沉积是植物对入侵病原的防御反应。为了探索胼胝质合成酶(Callose synthase,CalS)基因在柑橘中对黄龙病的应答情况,从甜橙基因组中筛选并利用生物信息学分析了柑橘胼胝质合成酶(CsCalS)家族的12个基因。这些基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥中的胼胝质合成酶具有较高的同源性。荧光实时定量PCR结果显示,CsCalS5和CsCalS12在柑橘健康叶片中的表达量高于其他胼胝质合成酶基因。比较黄龙病感病材料和健康对照材料,发现CsCalS5、CsCalS7和CsCalS8在感病的‘砂糖橘’和‘强德勒’柚中均上调表达,可能参与柑橘对黄龙病病原的应答反应。     

Diversity in the carotenoid profiles and the expression of genes related to carotenoid accumulation among citrus genotypes

Carotenoids are not only important to the plants themselves but also are beneficial to human health. Since citrus fruit is a good source of carotenoids for the human diet, it is important to study carotenoid profiles and the accumulation mechanism in citrus fruit. Thus, in the present paper, we describe the diversity in the carotenoid profiles of fruit among citrus genotypes. In regard to carotenoids, such as β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, lycopene, and β-citraurin, the relationship between the carotenoid profile and the expression of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes is discussed. Finally, recent results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of carotenoid contents and expression levels of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes in citrus fruit are shown.     

柑橘CHS基因序列多态性及表达水平对类黄酮生物合成的影响

查尔酮的合成是类黄酮生物合成途径中的一个关键节点。从10个柑橘种质中克隆了查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)基因,并对其不同时期的果实和叶片中的类黄酮含量进行了测定,分析了CHS基因的序列多态性与类黄酮含量之间的关系;同时通过qRT-PCR检测了CHS基因在不同种质之间以及同一种质的不同组织间的表达差异。结果表明,柑橘CHS基因的核苷酸序列高度保守,相似度达98%以上。聚类分析表明,CHS氨基酸序列的多态性有物种特异性,而且与类黄酮含量有一定的相关性。CHS基因的表达水平在不同种质、部位及生长发育时期有显著差异,这些差异与类黄酮的含量有显著的相关性,说明CHS基因对类黄酮的生物合成有明显影响。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中5种杀螨剂残留

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测柑橘中5种杀螨剂残留分析方法。样品经乙腈提取、氯化钠盐析后,取有机相用Qu EChERS方法净化,利用GC-MS/MS在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定,外标法定量。5种杀螨剂在0.005~0.5mg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r^2均>0.996,方法定量限为0.005 mg/kg。在0.005、0.01和0.1mg/kg 3种添加水平下,加标回收率为70.6%~111.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.07%~14.64%。本方法简便、重现性良好,可用于柑橘类水果样品中杀螨剂的日常检测。     

南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害发生特点及综合防控措施

本文介绍了南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害的种类及为害发生特点,并提出了相应的病虫害综合防控措施,保证晚熟柑桔的正常生长,以期为当地晚熟柑桔生产、种植户节本增收提供参考。