近红外光谱技术在家禽养殖领域应用现状

近红外光谱是一种快速光谱分析的新方法,伴随着光谱技术与化学计量法的发展,近红外光谱已广泛应用于农业、食品、医药、石油化工等行业,极大地提高了各行业信息化水平。基于近红外光谱在家禽养殖领域的应用现状,本文总结了近红外光谱技术的发展及其在饲料成分检测和禽肉检测中的应用。在饲料检测和家禽肉类检测方面,通过将禽肉样品的光谱信息与质量指标的参考值相关联,建立了预测饲料和待测肉类高精度、高稳定性的数学模型。与传统方法相比,近红外光谱技术具有信息量大、数据计算速度快等优点。本文还归纳了近红外光谱技术在饲料品质检测和肉类品质检测的应用现状,指出了近红外光谱在家禽养殖领域的大规模应用推广的可能性。同时指出近红外光谱技术存在的问题和未来发展方向,结果表明近红外光谱技术在饲料和畜产品检测领域具有良好的发展前景和应用价值。     

猕猴桃采摘机器人末端执行器设计与试验

进行了棚架式栽培模式自然生长条件下簇生猕猴桃无损采摘机器人末端执行器的研究。基于果实与果柄的分离特性,提出面向机器人的果实采摘方法和简化几何模型,进行了果实与果柄分离试验的可行性验证;基于果实采摘方法设计了从底部接近、旋转包络分离毗邻果实并抓取、向上运动分离果实的末端执行器,并试制样机,进行了现场评价试验。结果表明,采摘模型能够实现果实与果柄的分离,末端执行器解决了毗邻果实分离问题,能够实现单个果实稳定抓取、无损采摘和采后抓持,成功率达到96.0%,平均单果耗时22 s。     

注水肉无损检测技术现状与发展趋势分析

针对目前市场上注水肉现象加重问题,有必要研究注水肉的检测技术。首先对注水肉的传统检测方法进行简要论述,分析总结了传统方法的弊端;然后对现阶段肉品含水率的4种主要无损检测方法:生物电阻抗法、核磁共振方法、超声波法和近红外光谱法的研究现状及特点进行了总结分析,着重叙述了近红外光谱技术在肉品含水率及品质检测中的研究情况及技术特点,提出了未来技术发展方向。     

油桃外部缺陷的高光谱成像检测

采用高光谱(420~1 000 nm)成像技术对"中油9号"油桃的4种外部缺陷(裂纹果、锈病果、异形果和暗伤果)进行检测判别。对400个样本(4种外部缺陷样本和完好样本)运用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)从全波段中分别提取了10条特征波长,分别为497、534、657、677、696、709、745、823、868、943 nm。缺陷样本的高光谱图像经过主成分分析后,对876 nm下的单波段图像通过掩膜、Sobel算子处理,并对主成分图像经过区域生长算法实现缺陷样本的缺陷区域分割。对光谱数据进行主成分分析得到前10个主成分值,并对图像数据采用灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)提取得到6项图像纹理指标(均值、对比度、相关性、能量、同质性、熵值)。将主成分值和纹理值融合建立极限学习机(ELM)模型对油桃外部缺陷进行检测判别。结果表明,该模型对缺陷样本的判别正确率为91.67%,完好样本的正确率为100%。     

苹果水心病的光学无损检测

通过密度法和自行研制的水心病检测仪器对苹果样品进行检测 ,结果表明 :密度无法分离该样品水心病 ;而 1～ 4级水心病的透光强度之间存在显著差异 ,可以进行水心病判断。把近红外 810 nm的计算透光强度2 5 0 0 0作为界限值可以将好果 (1级 )与 3、4级果完全分离 ,2级果有 2 9%分离     

琯溪蜜柚砂囊粒化的无损检测

摘 要：柑橘砂囊粒化是柑果成熟期与采后贮藏期的常见生理性病害，严重影响果实品质。本文采用1.5 T 高场磁共振成像仪对采后贮藏30 d的琯溪蜜柚[Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck]果实进行磁共振扫描检查，并以同层断面解剖图为对照，评估磁共振成像（MRI）应用于柑橘砂囊粒化症无损检测的有效性。结果表明， MRI检测中，T2WI能够显著区分果肉组织与海绵层组织的信号差异，其信号强度可代表果实组织相对含水量；T2WI信号在砂囊粒化部位强度显著降低，病变组织的失水特征清晰，与解剖结果一致。T2WI对砂囊粒化的确诊率100%，显著优于T1WI成像的识别率41.7%（χ2 = 5.76，P = 0.016）；T2WI和T1WI均能显示种籽照影，但T2WI对果肉组织影像的分辨率优于T1WI，因此MRI的T2WI分析可作为一种无损检测方法，对柚商品果实上市前砂囊粒化症发生程度以及种籽有无进行评估。     

基于粗糙集与支持向量机的禽蛋蛋壳无损检

针对当前禽蛋蛋壳无损检测系统存在检测精度不高的问题,提出粗糙集和支持向量机相结合的方法进行分类器的设计.首先,基于粗糙集理论对特征参数集进行属性约简,在约简过程中,利用模糊C均值聚类算法对特征参数进行量化,并基于属性重要性的启发式搜索对条件属性进行约简;然后,在属性约简的基础上完成支持向量机分类器的训练,在训练过程中,通过交叉验证法对分类器模型参数进行了优化.实验结果表明该方法的分类准确率能够达到94.6%,具有良好的工程应用价值.     

激光技术在木材无损检测中的应用

本文总结了用于木材中的无损检测技术 ,着重论述了几种常用的激光无损检测技术在木材中应用的可能性     

Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood II: modulus of elasticity evaluation of sections of differing quality in a wooden beam by the curvature of the flexural vibration wave

 The shape of the flexural vibration wave of wooden beams at the first mode was detected using the transfer function. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of beam sections of differing quality was estimated from the ratio of the curvature of the wave shape in this section to that of a clear beam. The results were as follows: (1) If a section with a lower dynamic MOE was introduced into a clear wooden beam, the curvature of the wave shape in that section became higher. (2) The ratio of the MOE and the reciprocal of the curvature ratio were highly correlated. (3) The MOE of a defect could be estimated, and the position of the defect could be determined accurately by examining the curvature of the flexural vibration wave shapes. Received: March 22, 2002 / Accepted: May 15, 2002 Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000. This article is translated from the Japanese version, which was published in Mokuzai Gakkaishi 47(5), 2001 Correspondence to:Y. Ishimaru     

Genotypic effects on the variation of wood quality and growth traits in plantation forest made by cutting cultivars of Japanese cedar

We studied the effect of genotypes of planting stocks regarding the variation of the modulus of elasticity of tree trunks on standing trees (trunk-MOE), tree height (TH), and diameter at breast height (DBH) in a 19-year-old Japanese cedar plantation made with root cuttings. Trunk-MOE was assessed nondestructively using a tree-bending method. Genotypes of individual trees were detected using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. RAPD analysis revealed that the sampled plantation consisted of 14 genotypes. Genotypic effects on DBH and TH were unclear, and there was no significant difference among genotypes. This result indicated that an acquired variation should have more influence than an inherited variation on DBH and TH. For trunk-MOE, there were significant differences among the four largest genotypes at the 5% level. However the coefficient of variation in trunk-MOE of each genotype ranged from 7.5% to 26.8%. It seems reasonable to assume that the wide variation in trunk-MOE in a sampled plantation may depend on the environmental effect within a clone as well as on the genetic origin of clones. We therefore conclude that the use of multiple planting stocks from different cuttings for which the wood quality is unknown contributed strongly to the wide variation in trunk-MOE in the plantation of Japanese cedar.