Antioxidant properties of blackberry and blueberry fruits grown in the Black Sea Region of Turkey

Seven wild and ten cultivated blackberries (Arapaho, Bartin, Black Satin, Bursa 1, Bursa 2, Cherokee, Chester, Jumbo, Navaho, and Ness), and six lowbush (Vaccinium arctostaphylos) and four highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum) blueberries fruits (Ivanhoe, Jersey, Northland, and Rekord) were analyzed for total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in this study. The respective ranges of total anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of the tested samples were: blackberries, 0.95–1.97 and 1.73–3.79 mg g⁻¹ and blueberries, 0.18–2.94 and 0.77–5.42 mg g⁻¹. FRAP values varied from 35.05 to 70.41 μmol g⁻¹ for blackberries, 7.41 to 57.92 μmol g⁻¹ for blueberries. Wild blackberries had the highest FRAP values while wild blueberries had the highest total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents. A linear relationship was observed between FRAP values and total phenolics for blueberries (r = 0.981). The anthocyanin pigments in samples were isolated and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV–visible detection. Cyn-3-glu was the predominant anthocyanin in all blackberry fruits.     

Floral flavonoids and pH in Dendrobium orchid species and hybrids

Anthocyanidins were identified in 28 Dendrobium species and hybrids selected for analysis based on colour and suitability in cut flower breeding. Flowers designated pink, red, maroon, orange, bronze, and brown in the trade were placed in RHS colour groups red-purple, purple-violet, violet on yellow, greyed-purple on yellow or yellow-orange, and brown. This colour range contained anthocyanins based on cyanidin, with peonidin occurring as a minor pigment. The colours of three blue genotypes, D. gouldii K280-6, D. biggibum ‘blue’, and D. Kultana ‘blue’, were light violet to purple by RHS standards and contained anthocyanins based on cyanidin. Peach-coloured flowers were classified as red or red-purple and included pelargonidin glycosides. Anthocyanin concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 0.18 μmoles/g FW in light lavender and peach, and up to 3.66 μmoles/g FW in brown. Combined cellular and vacuolar pH ranged narrowly from 4.67 to 5.09 among white, peach, lavender, and brown lines. Predominant copigments were flavonol glycosides based on kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and methylated derivatives. Flavonol aglycones and glycosylation sites differed little among two colour forms of D. gouldii and two D. Jaquelyn Thomas hybrids. Accumulation of quercetin, myricetin, and cyanidin indicated flavonoid 3' and 3',5' hydroxylation activities in several Dendrobium. Additional accumulation of isorhamnetin, syringetin, and peonidin indicated active flavonoid 3'- and 3',5'- O-methyltransferase enzymes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

超高效液相色谱法测定矮牵牛中花青苷含量

在参考HPLC条件的基础上,探讨了不同溶剂、洗脱条件、检测波长等对花青苷UPLC定量检测的影响,并对试验方法进行选择,确定植物花青苷快速检测方法。研究表明矮牵牛中花青苷经0.1mol/L盐酸甲醇提取,加入等体积10%甲酸水经0.45μm滤膜过滤后即可进行UPLC测定。通过洗脱条件的优化可在8min内实现3种花青苷的分离,此方法矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷在0.625~25mg/L的范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关性好(r0.999),相对标准偏差为1.984%~3.850%,样品加标回收率为62.1%~100.3%,最低检出限可达0.2mg/L;飞燕草素在2.5~50mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998,最低检出限为0.9mg/L。矮牵牛红色品系‘9702’中(鲜重)的花青苷含量可达530.527mg/kg。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定草莓天竺葵素 3 O 葡萄糖苷的含量

为了测定草莓中天竺葵素 3 O 葡萄糖苷的含量,建立了一种反相高效液相色谱法。采用Waters Symmetry C18色谱柱(5 μm, 46 mm × 150 mm),流动相A为10%甲酸,流动相B为乙腈。线性梯度洗脱设计为: 0～13 min,乙腈为0～20%,20 min,乙腈为40%,25 min,乙腈为0。检测波长为520 nm,进样量为每针20 μL,柱温25℃,流速为1 mL·min-1。结果表明,天竺葵素 3 O 葡萄糖苷在浓度为025～20 μg·mL-1范围内有良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为y=71　859x+13　792,相关系数为09993,回收率为9829%～ 10269%,相对偏差303。本测定方法简便、准确、快速、稳定,适合于测定草莓及其他蔬菜水果中天竺葵素 3 O葡萄糖苷的含量。     

Fruit Quality and Composition of Two Advanced North Carolina Strawberry Selections

ABSTRACT

The advanced selections, NCS 10-038 and NCS 10-156, from the North Carolina breeding program were compared to the traditionally used cultivars, Camarosa and Chandler, for storage life and fruit composition in 2014 and 2015. Postharvest quality of NCS 10-038 was similar to that of ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’ after 8 days storage at 4 °C. NCS 10-156 was significantly worse in overall appearance and had more fruit shrivel, calyx browning, and mold than the other genotypes. However, NCS 10-156 was highest in soluble solids content and was similar in total anthocyanin content and total phenolic content to ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’. Further analysis of flavonoids by high performance liquid chromatography showed that NCS 10-156 was much lower in total flavonols than the other genotypes and comparable in anthocyanin pigments to ‘Chandler’. NCS 10-038, while similar in pigment profile to ‘Camarosa’, had less total anthocyanin than the other genotypes. NCS 10-038 had a lighter red color than the other genotypes and was similar in postharvest quality to ‘Chandler’ and ‘Camarosa’ and may be suitable for long-distance markets. NCS 10-156 is slightly softer than the other genotypes and more prone to mold while the higher soluble solids content may make it suitable for direct market sales. Both selections show postharvest promise for strawberry production in the humid mid-South region.