Floral flavonoids and pH in Dendrobium orchid species and hybrids |
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Authors: | Adelheid R Kuehnle David H Lewis Kenneth R Markham Kevin A Mitchell Kevin M Davies Brian R Jordan |
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Institution: | (1) New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Levin Research Centre, Private Bag 4005, Levin, New Zealand;(2) Present address: Department of Horticulture, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822-2279, U.S.A;(3) New Zealand Institute for Industrial Research & Development, P.O. Box 31–310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand |
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Abstract: | Anthocyanidins were identified in 28 Dendrobium species and hybrids selected for analysis based on colour and suitability
in cut flower breeding. Flowers designated pink, red, maroon, orange, bronze, and brown in the trade were placed in RHS colour
groups red-purple, purple-violet, violet on yellow, greyed-purple on yellow or yellow-orange, and brown. This colour range
contained anthocyanins based on cyanidin, with peonidin occurring as a minor pigment. The colours of three blue genotypes,
D. gouldii K280-6, D. biggibum ‘blue’, and D. Kultana ‘blue’, were light violet to purple by RHS standards and contained anthocyanins
based on cyanidin. Peach-coloured flowers were classified as red or red-purple and included pelargonidin glycosides. Anthocyanin
concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 0.18 μmoles/g FW in light lavender and peach, and up to 3.66 μmoles/g FW in brown. Combined
cellular and vacuolar pH ranged narrowly from 4.67 to 5.09 among white, peach, lavender, and brown lines. Predominant copigments
were flavonol glycosides based on kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and methylated derivatives. Flavonol aglycones and glycosylation
sites differed little among two colour forms of D. gouldii and two D. Jaquelyn Thomas hybrids. Accumulation of quercetin,
myricetin, and cyanidin indicated flavonoid 3' and 3',5' hydroxylation activities in several Dendrobium. Additional accumulation
of isorhamnetin, syringetin, and peonidin indicated active flavonoid 3'- and 3',5'- O-methyltransferase enzymes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | Dendrobium colour breeding monocotyledon Orchidaceae pelargonidin pH flavonoid anthocyanins |
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