考虑水头损失的管道灌溉分水口轮灌分组优化模型

【目的】优化灌溉系统中分水口轮灌分组的灌溉制度,在满足流量要求的条件下节约电能。【方法】提出了在考虑水头损失时不同分水口状态与管道进口压力的关系模型,该模型利用分水口开关0,1状态作为自变量,从管道末端起利用推导的递推公式求出管道进水口的等效水头损失系数。依据该模型,在定流量分组轮灌优化中得到为使分组轮灌功率最小的目标函数。利用遗传算法对上述问题进行了优化求解,并给出了编码方案。【结果】在分水口等间隔布置时,轮灌分组按轮灌分组数等间隔安排所需功率最小,优化后的水头损失系数可以减小到没有优化前的0.772倍。【结论】本研究模型不仅适用于恒定流量的组合优化,也可应用于不同分水口的所需水量不同的随机灌溉以及恒压供水的优化中。     

耐低温耐低氧萌发野败不育系赣野A的选育

赣野A是江西省农科院水稻研究所将东乡野生稻的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力导入抗稻瘟病保持系赣香B后再与赣香A测交和回交育成的野败型三系籼稻不育系。该不育系败育彻底,异交结实率高,配合力较强,具有较强的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力,在直播杂交稻育种中应用前景广阔。2019年通过了江西省品种审定。     

小球藻遗传转化技术研究进展

小球藻( Chlorella )是一种单细胞真核藻类,属绿藻门、绿藻纲、绿球藻目、小球藻科、小球藻属 [1] 。作为最早开发的真核微藻之一,具有高营养价值、生长快速、结构简单、易工业化集成等显著优点。其细胞形态为球形或椭圆形,直径3~12 μm,呈单生或聚集成群状生长 [2] ,分布广泛,多见于淡水、咸水和土壤中。作为地球上最早的生命之一,小球藻基因比较稳定,至今未见有关其基因自发突变的报道。因其富含蛋白质、脂质、维生素、活性代谢产物等多种营养物质而被公认为具有高附加值和医疗保健作用,已经被广泛应用于保健食品 [3] 、水产养殖 [4] 、生物能源 [5] 等方面,关于小球藻生物技术的研究主要集中在基因组学 [6] 、分子遗传学 [7] 、代谢机理 [8] 、大规模培养 [9] 等方向。     

父母本不同行距配置对昆虫授粉效率的影响

为探讨昆虫为杂交大豆授粉的行为,提高授粉效率,以大豆细胞质雄性不育系JLCMS34A和保持系JLCMS34B为材料,研究父母本3种行距配置(T1、T2、T3)对昆虫授粉行为及产量构成的影响。结果表明:行距配置T2条件下昆虫授粉效率最高,母本单株粒数最多,为45.98个(2011年),与T1、T3差异达到显著水平,T3配置授粉效率最差,单株粒数最少,为32.06个(2012年),与T1、T2差异达到极显著水平。在吉林省洮南地区适当缩小父母本行距,增加母本间行距可有效促进昆虫授粉效率,提高结实率。     

Variability in the performance of juvenile Chinook salmon is explained primarily by when and where they resided in estuarine habitats

Estuarine habitats provide rearing opportunities for the juvenile life stage of anadromous fishes. Because survival is positively correlated with juvenile performance, these estuarine habitats play an important role in population abundance and productivity. To provide information for the recovery of several depressed stocks of Chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin, we sought to identify the factors that explain variability in performance. Using otolith‐derived estimates of juvenile somatic growth rate as an index of recent performance, we observed a negative nonlinear relationship between growth rate and day of year, and a decreasing and increasing trend of growth rate over the 8 years of this study and distance from the river mouth respectively. Using a generalised linear modelling approach, we found that variability in juvenile somatic growth rate was best explained by where and when individuals were collected, their body size, contaminant loads, stock of origin, and whether a fish was hatchery produced or unmarked. Lastly, we argue that a considerable improvement to the growth rate of juveniles in estuarine habitats is physiologically possible. The results of this 8‐year study provide a baseline of the performance of juvenile Chinook salmon to evaluate habitat restoration programs and to compare against future anthropogenic conditions.     

武夷岩茶种质资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系的SRAP分析

本研究利用SRAP-PCR反应体系,从88对SRAP引物组合中筛选出43对引物组合,对武夷岩茶主要的30份种质资源进行SRAP分析,共扩增出385条带,其中具有多态性的有236条带,占总数的61.30%,表明30份武夷岩茶种质呈现一定的遗传多样性。武夷岩茶种质资源间遗传距离变幅在0.31~0.98之间,平均为0.63,基于SRAP标记利用系统聚类法把武夷岩茶分为三大类,为武夷岩茶遗传研究、品种选育与资源保护提供参考。     

无核柚新品种‘华柚2号’

‘华柚2号’是将‘国庆1号’温州蜜柑愈伤组织原生质体与‘华柚1号’叶肉原生质体融合创制的二倍体雄性不育胞质杂种。树势中等，花瓣短而退化，雄蕊败育，雌蕊正常。果实扁圆形，隔离种植下完全无核，平均单果质量1 232.47 g，果皮中等厚，可食率57.03%。果肉粉红色，囊壁薄，果肉化渣多汁，风味浓，可溶性固形物12.37% ~ 13.33%，总酸0.90% ~ 1.20%，固酸比10.42 ~ 14.13，维生素C 24.26 mL • L-1。在湖北武汉地区种植，果实11—12月成熟，5年生嫁接树单株产量约50 kg。     

Identification of an H1N1 subtype of swine influenza virus and serological analysis

To investigate the epizootic of swine influenza virus(SIV), 60 nasal swabs were collected from a clinical cases of pig farm in Tai'an City, Shandong Province of China in April 2017. SIV was isolated by inoculating into 10-day-old Special Pathogen Free embryonated eggs and the whole genome was sequenced. An H1N1 subtype SIV was isolated and designated as A/swine/Shandong/TA04/2017(H1N1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that apart from the polymerase A(PA) fragment belonging to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 branch, seven genome segments belonged to avian-like H1N1 influenza virus lineage. The cleavage site sequence of the hemagglutinin(HA) protein was PSIQSR↓G, which is a typical molecular biological characteristic. Five potential N-glycosylation sites(N14, N26, N277, N484 and N543) were found in the HA gene. To further investigate the epidemiology of SIV in this farm, the 995 serum samples were assessed with EAH1N1 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H3 N2 antigens. The results showed that the total positive rate was 65.43%. The positive rates of single virus infection detected by EAH1N1, 2009 pdmH1N1 and H3 N2 for serum HI(Hemagglutination inhibition) were 48.35, 30.85 and 7.47%, respectively. The results showed that SIV in Shandong Province has been reassorted in some segments and the SIV-positive rate was high on the SIV outbreak farm. These data provide evidence of an epizootic of SIV.     

面向养殖水体分布差异的COD光谱法检测研究

面向养殖水体，传统光谱法对化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand，COD）检测模型构建的基础：源域（现有样本库）与目标域（检测地水体）间光谱数据独立同分布。但是当源域与目标域分布间存在差异时，由源域得到的低误差模型常在目标域上表现下滑。针对该问题，提出面向UV Vis光谱的域对抗训练网络（DAUVwpNet），将分布不同的源域和目标域数据映射至相同分布的特征空间中，使其在该空间的分布距离尽可能接近，从而在特征空间中对源域训练的目标函数也可以迁移至目标域上，以降低模型在目标域的误差。试验表明：面向同一批测试数据，DAUVwpNet的预测误差为0.78，要低于传统模型的预测误差（0.85）；DAUVwpNet预测值与实测值间相关系数为0.95，要高于传统模型的相关系数（0.89）。表明了该网络能够较好对齐两域特征空间数据分布，降低因分布差异带来的COD检测误差。